0.43 kg What is the weight

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: 4.214 N

Explanation: Given Mass = .43kg

Weight  = mxa ...........(On earth a= 9.8 m/s2)

so .43X 9.8 = 4.214 N

as SI unit of weight if N

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Related Questions

An 800-n box is pushed up an inclined plane. The plane is 4. 0 m long and 2. 0 m high. If it requires 3200 j of work to get the box to the top of the plane, what was the magnitude of the average friction force on the box?.

Answers

The magnitude of the average friction force on the box is calculated as 400 N

What is energy conservation?

Energy conservation is the principle by which total energy remains constant in a system that is not subjected to external influence.

Given, length of the plane, d = 4 m

and height of the plane, h = 2 m

work done , w = 3200 J

kinetic energy on the top, KE = 0

Potential energy on the top,

P.E = weight x height

= 800 *2

So, P.E = 1600 J

Now, total work = K.E + P.E + W (friction)

So, W (friction) = 3200 - 1600

W (friction)  = 1600 J

As we know, W (friction) = F (friction) x d

F (friction) = 1600 / 4

Now, F (friction) = 400 N

Hence, the magnitude of average friction force on box is 400 N.

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Ax is positive if is directed ______; Ay is positive if is directed ______. A. Right, up. B. Left, up. C. Right, down. D. Left, down

Answers

Ax is positive if is directed right. Ay is positive if is directed up.

Acceleration is nothing but the rate of change of velocity of an object. It is a vector quantity.

If the acceleration and velocity are pointing in the same direction, the item will be travelling more quickly. The object will also slow down if the acceleration is pointing in the opposite direction as the velocity.

When an acceleration vector is resolved into two components, we get Ax along x-direction and Ay along y- direction.

Assuming the coordinate system, we know the right side of the coordinate system is positive and to the left it is negative. Along the y-direction, acceleration is positive when going upwards and negative while going downwards on coordinate axes.

Thus, Ax is positive if it is directed right and Ay is positive if it is directed up.

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The speed of an airplane is 300 mi/h relative to the air. The wind is blowing due north with a speed of 30 mi/h. In what direction should the airplane head in order to arrive at a point due west of its location

Answers

The plane must fly at angle of 5.739° from due west towards south to reach the desired point in due west

The angle θ of direction of airplane from the due west towards south is given by using property of vector right triangle as follows

sin θ = 30/300

θ = sin^-1 (1/10)

= 5.739°

Hence the plane must fly at angle of 5.739° from due west towards south to reach the desired point in due west.

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as a ball falls, the action force is the pull of earth on the ball. the reaction force is the

Answers

Answer: Push of the ball on the earth. The reaction force is equal and opposite to the action force, according to Newton's Third Law of Motion.

Explanation: In other words, when the earth pulls the ball downward with a force, the ball pushes back on the earth with an equal and opposite force. This occurs because forces are always pairs of equal and opposite forces, known as action-reaction forces. The action force is the force that initiates the interaction, while the reaction force is the force that responds to the action force. In this case, the action force is the pull of the earth on the ball, while the reaction force is the push of the ball on the earth.

Part A: At which of the labeled positions does the cyclist have the most potential energy?

Answers

To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to   potential energy. Therefore, before you start descending, you just have potential energy at the top of the slope.

What is  potential energy?

Potential energy is the energy stored by a thing but not yet discharged. Potential energy is frequently caused by an entity's height in a gravitational field, electric charge, and internal tensions.

Before you start descending, you just have potential energy at the top of the slope. There is not any kinetic energy because there is no motion. This indicates that the potential energy just at summit is the effort required to go up the slope.

Therefore, before you start descending, you just have potential energy at the top of the slope.

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A vehicle undergoes acceleration when it

A) loses speed.
B) gains speed.
C) changes its direction.
D) all of the above

Answers

A vehicle undergoes acceleration when it: all of the above. So the correct option is D.

What is acceleration?

Acceleration is a process in which the speed changes, in which it increases. It can be accelerated by changing speed or by changing direction. Even if it is moving in a constant way, acceleration is not taking place unless the speed and direction are increased, decreased, or changed, respectively.

The acceleration is then given by two combined causes: the net balance of the external forces acting on the object and the mass of that object.

Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is D. all of the above.

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the parallel component of the surface force

Answers

The parallel component of the surface force is the component of the surface force that acts in the same direction as the surface it is applied to.

What is parallel component?

Parallel components are multiple components that are electrically connected together in parallel. This type of electrical connection allows for increased current flow as the voltage remains the same. Parallel components also allow for the connection of multiple devices to a single power source. This type of electrical connection is often seen in batteries, where multiple cells are connected together to increase the total capacity of the battery. Parallel components are also used in many electronic circuits, such as power amplifiers and digital circuits, to increase their current capacity and allow for more device connections.

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What is concave mirror Class 7?

Answers

A concave mirror is also known as converging mirror because it converges the incident rays parallel to the principal axis to the focus of the mirror after reflection.

What is a Concave mirror

A concave mirror has an inward-curving reflective surface that faces away from the light source. Light is reflected inward by concave mirrors to a single focus point. Unlike convex mirrors, a concave mirror's image forms a variety of images based on the object's proximity to the mirror.

A spherical mirror that has had its reflecting surface dented inward is referred to as a concave mirror. The focal point is where concave mirrors reflect and concentrate entering light beams (which are parallel). There are various types of pictures that can be created depending on how close an object is to the reflecting surface.

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An asphalt surface absorbs (less/more) solar energy than a cement surface. This difference is chiefly due to differences in (texture/moisture/color).

Answers

An asphalt surface absorbs more solar energy than a cement surface. This difference is chiefly due to differences in color.

What is solar energy?

Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun.

Solar energy is very useful for energy generation and is captured by a variety of technologies, including solar architecture, solar thermal energy, and solar power to produce electricity.

Solar energy released by the Sun gets to the earth by means of radiation.

The ability of different substances to absorb radiation from the Sun differs according to the nature of the material.

Dark and dull surfaces absorb radiation from the Sun more readily than shiny and bright surfaces. Hence, dark surfaces are better radiators of solar energy.

For example, an asphalt surface is dark and dull compared to a cement surface which is shiny. Hence asphalt surfaces absorb more radiation than cement surfaces.

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how much work (in kj) must be done to stop a 1020 kg car traveling at 112 km/h? (your answer should be negative.)

Answers

m = 1000 kg, v = 100 km/h, which equals 100/3.6 m/s or 27.78 m/s. IF a 1020 kg car going at 112 km/h needs to be stopped, work (in kj) energy must be used.

Which nine types of energy are there?

Thermal energy, radiant energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, electrical energy, motion energy, sound energy, elastic energy, and gravitational energy are among the several types of energy.

Energy formula: What is it?

Albert Einstein came up with the equation, generally written as E = mc2, which states that if a body's energy changes by an amount E (in any form), its mass (m) changes by an amount equal to E/c2.

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the graph shows that galaxies with high speeds as measured from earth are __________.

Answers

"The graph shows that galaxies with high speeds as measured from earth are farther away from Earth and are moving faster than galaxies closer to us."

Hubble calculated the velocities of galaxies in relation to their separation from Earth using the red shift. A graph created from the data displayed a straight line passing through the origin.

This demonstrates that a galaxy's velocity and separation from Earth are both linearly related. NASA began developing the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the 1970 . It was finally launched in 1990. HST is still in operating today, providing us with invaluable data and stunning views of deep space of course, from American astronomer Edwin Hubble.

Edwin Hubble made important advances in science. He noticed a shift in the galaxies' light frequencies and offered important proof of the recessional velocity.

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Over time, what is the net effect of the star-gas-star cycle in the Milky Way?
A) The gas of the interstellar medium is continually depleted in elements heavier than helium.
B) The total mass in the galaxy's interstellar medium is gradually reduced, and the remaining gas is continually enriched in heavy elements.
C) There is no net effect to the cycle. Mass in the interstellar medium lost to star formation is exactly replaced by stellar winds and supernova explosions.

Answers

The interstellar medium of the galaxy steadily loses mass as the remaining gas is continuously enriched in heavy elements.

Where in the Milky Way is the Earth?

The Milky Way's outer edge and the Earth are both around halfway there. From Earth, light travels 25,000 light-years to the galactic center. (The distance light travels in a year is measured in light-years.)

The Milky Way is close to Earth.

The Milky Way, the second-largest galaxy in the Local Group, is where Earth is located. Large spiral galaxy known as the Milky Way. The Milky Way's Orion Arm, which is roughly two-thirds of the way out from the galaxy's core, is where Earth is situated.

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Into which stable force field can a proton be placed at rest a. magnetic field b. electric fieldc. both of these d. neither of these

Answers

A proton can be placed at rest in a stable force field of a magnetic field. The correct answer is a.

A proton can be placed at rest in a magnetic field, but not in an electric field. This is because a magnetic field exerts a force on charged particles that is perpendicular to the direction of motion, whereas an electric field exerts a force on charged particles that is parallel to the direction of motion.

Since a proton is a positively charged particle, it will experience a force in the opposite direction to the electric field, causing it to accelerate rather than come to a rest. A proton will experience a force perpendicular to the direction of motion in a magnetic field which is opposite to the direction of the field, this will cause the proton to move in a circular path, which can be stable, so proton can be placed at rest in a magnetic field.

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the _____ bends light as it passes, playing a primary role in focusing the light more sharply.

Answers

In order to focus the light more sharply, the Cornea bends light as it passes through. A mechanism known as accommodation is used by the lens to concentrate light by varying its own thickness.

When seeing far-off items, it flattens out, and when watching close-up objects, it grows rounder. where the electromagnetic energy of light is transformed into electrical impulses and sent to the brain by lens. It is the inverse of the system's optical power that determines how strongly an optical system diverges or converges light: the focal length. The convergence or divergence of light is indicated by a positive focal length, whilst the opposite is true for a negative focal length.

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A 45.0kg ice skater stands at rest on the ice. A friend tosses the skater a 5.0kg ball. The skater and the ball then move backward across the ice with a speed of 0.50m/s. Select the speed of the ball right before it was caught by the skater:

Answers

The speed of the ball before the skater caught it was 5 m/s.

Momentum is conserved in this situation, so the total momentum before the skater caught the ball must be equal to the total momentum after the skater caught the ball.

We can solve for the initial speed of the ball by using the equation for momentum, which is:

mv = p

Where m is the mass and v is the velocity.

Before the skater caught the ball, the mass and velocity of the ball were 5 kg and 0 m/s respectively. The total momentum was therefore 0 kg m/s.

After the skater caught the ball, the mass and velocity of the skater and ball were 50 kg and 0.5 m/s respectively. The total momentum was therefore 25 kg m/s.

We can solve for the initial velocity of the ball by setting the momentum before and after equal to each other and solving for v:

0 = (5kg)(v) + (50kg)(0.5 m/s)

v = -5 m/s

Therefore, the speed of the ball before the skater caught it was 5 m.

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(b) You have 50.0 m3
of an ideal gas at 1000.0 Pa and heat the gas until it expands to a volume of 300.0 m3
. How
much work did the gas do? [4]

Answers

The amount of work done by the ideal gas is 2475J.

How to calculate work done?

The magnitude of the work done when a gas expands is therefore equal to the product of the pressure of the gas times the change in the volume of the gas.

w=−PΔV

The negative sign associated with the above equation indicates that the system loses energy. If the volume increases at constant pressure (ΔV > 0), the work done by the system is negative, indicating that a system has lost energy by performing work on its surroundings.

According to this question, an ideal gas initially at 50.0m³ at 1000.0 Pa expands to a volume of 300.0 m³ after heating. The work done can be calculated as follows:

W = -P∆V

W = - (0.0099 × {300000L - 50000L)

W = - (0.0099 × 250000)

W = 2475J

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Place the following types of em radiation in order, from lowest energy to highest energy: a) visible light; b) gamma rays; c) radio waves.

Answers

The right order of types EM radiation from lowest energy to highest energy is radio waves, visible light, and gamma rays.

According to the data, radio waves are the lowest electromagnetic radiation, with frequencies up to about 30 GHz and wavelengths greater than about 0.4 inches (10mm). The second would be visible light since its frequency is about 400 to 800 THz and wavelengths of about 0.000015 to 0.00003 inch. Gamma rays are the highest type of electromagnetic radiation because the frequencies are greater than 10^18 Hz with wavelengths of less than 4x10-9 inch.

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When entering the interstate on a short entrance ramp where there is no acceleration lane, you should:

Answers

When entering the interstate on a short entrance ramp where there is no acceleration lane, you should Speed up and enter the interstate only after you have identified a gap in traffic.

one of the major thoroughfares that make up the US system of expansive roadways that traverse states and connect numerous cities is interstate highways. The safest way to enter is to stop and wait for a significant gap in traffic if the entrance lane is too narrow to allow acceleration to highway speed. Then get on the highway and drive rapidly and such type of narrow entrance lane is called short entrance ramp.

When entering the interstate on a short entrance ramp where there is no acceleration lane, you should speed up and then enter the interstate only after you have identified a gap in traffic as you should wait for the gap between short lane to appear and then speed the vehicle.

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When entering the interstate on a short entrance ramp where there is no acceleration lane, you should Speed up and enter the interstate only after you have identified a gap in traffic.

One of the major thoroughfares that make up the US system of expansive roadways that traverse states and connect numerous cities is interstate highways. The safest way to enter is to stop and wait for a significant gap in traffic if the entrance lane is too narrow to allow acceleration to highway speed. Then get on the highway and drive rapidly and such type of narrow entrance lane is called short entrance ramp.

When entering the interstate on a short entrance ramp where there is no acceleration lane, you should speed up and then enter the interstate only after you have identified a gap in traffic as you should wait for the gap between short lane to appear and then speed the vehicle.

The question is incomplete. The complete question is 'A) Immediately enter the far-right traffic lane on the interstate and speed up to match the flow of traffic. B) Use the shoulder of the main road to get up to the speed of traffic. C) Speed up and enter the interstate only after you have identified a gap in traffic.'

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Question 11 of 20
Edward runs with a speed of 3m/s. How long would it take him to run 1.2km? Give your answer in
minutes to three significant figures.
Enter your answer as a number
minutes

Answers

The time taken by Edward is 6.66 minutes.

Speed is measured as the ratio of distance to the time in which the distance was covered. Speed is a scalar quantity as it has only direction and no magnitude.Distance is the total movement of an object without any regard to direction. We can define distance as to how much ground an object has covered despite its starting or ending point.Time can be defined as the dimension based on which the evolution of any system takes place. It can be measured in terms of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years.

The formula for speed distance time is mathematically given as:

                             Speed = Distance/Time

If any of the two values among speed, distance and time are given, we can use this formula and find the unknown quantity.

Given, speed = 3m/s

           distance = 1.2Km = 1200m

     So, time = 400sec = 400/60 min = 6.66 minutes

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The Moon is considered a satellite since it orbits the Earth. Explain how the Moon is kept in a circular path. What is the source of centripetal force and in what direction does it point?

Answers

Answer:
If this help please set brainliest.

The Moon is kept in a circular path around the Earth due to the force of gravity acting on it. The force of gravity is a type of centripetal force, which is the force that acts on an object moving in a circular path and is directed towards the center of the circle. In the case of the Moon, the Earth is the source of the gravitational force, and it is constantly pulling the Moon towards it. As the Moon travels in its elliptical orbit around the Earth, the Earth's gravitational force continually changes the direction of the Moon's velocity, causing it to follow a curved path rather than a straight line. This results in the Moon being kept in a circular orbit around the Earth.

A simple wheel has the form of a solid cylinder of radius r with a mass m uniformly distributed throughout its volume. The wheel is pivoted on a stationary axle through the axis of the cylinder and rotates about the axle at a constant angular speed. The wheel rotates n full revolutions in a time interval t.

Answers

The wheel rotates n full revolutions in a time interval of t. The kinetic energy K of the rotating wheel obtained is (mr²π²n²) ÷ (t²).

The equation for the rotational kinetic energy of the wheel is:

KE = (1 ÷ 2) Iω²

The angular velocity of the wheel is:

ω = (2πn) ÷ 2

The equation of the moment of inertia of a solid cylinder is:

I = (mr²) ÷ 2

Substitute the value in kinetic energy,

K = ((1 ÷ 2) × ((mr²) ÷ 2) × ((2πn) ÷ 2))

K = (mr²π²n²) ÷ (t²)

Therefore, The kinetic energy K of the rotating wheel obtained is (mr²π²n²) ÷ (t²).

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The complete question is:

A simple wheel has the form of a solid cylinder of radius r with a mass m uniformly distributed throughout its volume. The wheel is pivoted on a stationary axle through the axis of the cylinder and rotates about the axle at a constant angular speed. The wheel rotates n full revolutions in a time interval of t. What is the kinetic energy K of the rotating wheel? Answer in terms of m, r, n, t, and pi.

guys help me pleasee. how can i calculate the weight of a book that has a mass of 400g

Answers

Answer: 25 g

Explanation:

Answer:

W = 3.92 N

Explanation:

m = 400 gr = 0,4 kg

W = m . g = 0,4 x 9.8

W = 3.92 N

When a forklift raises an object, is it doing positive or negative work on the object? which type of work is the force of gravity doing on the object?.

Answers

When a forklift raises an object, it is doing positive work because the direction of motion and force are the same. The force of gravity is doing negative work on the object because it acts opposite to the direction of motion.

A forklift does positive work because the electrical energy will be converted to kinetic energy, which is needed for the forklift to raise the object. It will exert a force that acts in the same direction as the motion, which signifies positive work. However, the resultant force of the object will react on a forklift, and this causes the drag force. This will weigh the forklift downwards slightly because of much the object will weigh.

The force of gravity is doing negative work because it acts in the opposite direction of motion and force.

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Your brother throws you out of the house with a force of 150 N. If he did 1,759 Joules of work, how far away did you land?

Answers

The landing will be at a distance of 11.72m.

The scientific definition of work is different in many ways from its everyday meaning. The definition of work in physics reveals its relationship to energy – whenever work is done, energy is transferred.

Work is the product of the component of the force in the direction of the displacement and the magnitude of this displacement.

Mathematically, the above statement is expressed as follows:

                                    W = (F cos θ) d = F. d

Where,

W is the work done by the force.

F is the force, d is the displacement caused by force

θ is the angle between the force vector and the displacement vector

The SI unit of work is the joule (J), which is defined as the work done by a force of 1 Newton in moving an object through a distance of 1 meter in the direction of the force.

Given, Force (F) = 150N

           Work (W) = 1759 Joules

Putting these values in above equation we get, d = 11.72m.

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mrs allen travels from home to work at 60 kmh. the average speed was 72 mph what speed did she come from work to home at

Answers

Mrs. Allen came from work to home at speed  90 km/h.

What is speed?

Speed is defined as the ratio of distance to the amount of time it took to cover that distance. Due to having no direction and only having magnitude, speed is a scalar quantity With SI unit meter/second.

Mrs. Allen travels from home to work at 60 km/h.

The average speed was 72 kmph = 72 km/h

Let the distance between the home to work is x.

Hence, her speed during come from work to home = x /(2x/72- x/60)km/h

=  1/(2/72- 1/60) km/h

= 90 km/h.

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You know that the normal temperature for a healthy person is about 98.6 Fahrenheit degrees. Express this
temperature in degrees Celsius. F = 1.8C + 32

Answers

The temperature in degree celsius is 37°C.

Temperature refers to the hotness or coldness of a body. In specific terms, it is the way of determining the kinetic energy of particles within an object. Faster the movement of particles; more the temperature and vice versa.Celsius scale is also called a centigrade scale. The Celsius scale is based on 0° C as melting point and 100° C as the boiling point. The temperature is written in terms of Celsius, Fahrenheit or Kelvin.

The temperature values can be converted from one unit to another with the following formula:

                                      F = 1.8C + 32

Rearranging we get,

                                      C = (F - 32)/1.8

Given  the normal temperature for a healthy person is about 98.6 Fahrenheit degrees. i.e. F = 98.6

Putting this value in above equation we get, C = 37°

So, the temperature in degree celsius is 37°C.

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a slide whistle is an open-closed tube with an adjustable plunger that changes the length. you are playing the slide whistle and pushing the plunger in at 8 cm/s when the tube is 15 cm long. what is the rate of change of the sound in hz/s? hint: this requires derivatives and the chain rule. ask for help if you don't know how to do that!

Answers

When we approach a whistle from one side with just an open box and the other through a closed tube, standing waves occur; their wavelength and length are connected.

How often does it occur?

The wavelength of a waveform signal—the separation between two identical points (adjacent crests) in subsequent cycles—determines whether it is transmitted via space or along a wire. It is common practice in wireless systems to provide this length in meters (m), centimetres (cm), and millimeters (mm) (mm).

λ₁ = 4L

The corresponding harmonics are 3 = 4L / 3 and 5 = 4L / 5.

The common equation n = 4L / n, where n = 1, 3, 5,...

In the first equation, f = v n / 4L, we replace and clear the n = 1, 3, 5,...

Using derivatives, let's calculate the frequency change: df / dt = v n /4 dL1 / dt d / dt (1/L) ≈ - 1 / L2 dL / dt

dL/dt = 8 cm/s, where

Replaced is df/dt = -n v/L2 dL/dt

Calculate df/dt = n 340/152. 8 df/ft = -n, 12 n = 1, 3, 5,...

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The dense core of Earth is thought to consist predominantly of ________.
a. copper
b. nickel
c. lead
d. iron

Answers

Option d is Correct. There is a theory that iron makes up a sizable portion of the Earth's thick core.

The outer core is made of liquid iron and nickel and is around 1,367 miles (2,200 km) thick. The outer core's temperature ranges from 8,132 to 9,932 degrees Fahrenheit (4,500 degrees C and 5,500 degrees C). The most common material used to construct earthquake-resistant buildings is steel, which is necessary for developing a structure that can withstand seismic waves.

The World Steel Association claims that because ductile structures disperse seismic wave energy, they are safer. The Earth's inner core contains even more metal than the outer core. Both are primarily comprised of iron with a small amount of nickel. However, lighter elements like oxygen, carbon, and silicon are also assumed to be present in small amounts in the iron.

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A projectile is launched with an initial speed of 12 m/s. At its highest point its speed is 6 m/s.

Answers

A projectile is launched with an initial speed of 12 m/s. At its highest point its speed is 6 m/s and the launch angle of the projectile is 60 degrees.

Given,

Vo = 12m/seg

Vx= 6 m/seg

α=?

Vx = Vox = 6 m/seg

Vox = Vo*cosα  

Cosα  = Vox/Vo

Cos α  = 6m/seg/ 12 m/seg

Cos α = 0.5                                  

α  = cos⁻¹  ( 0.5 )

α = 60º                                    

An object that is “projected” or thrown, which has no capacity for self-propulsion. For low speed objects with reasonable mass, e.g. a shot put, or a baseball, tennis ball or golf ball tossed softly across a room, the ideal projectile model “fits” relatively well.

For high speed objects, e.g. a hit or thrown baseball, a well-hit golf ball or tennis ball, etc., drag and other forces are significant and our ideal model is not accurate. For example, a well-hit home run, by ideal theory, will travel nearly 750 ft. In reality it only travels around 450 ft—a significant difference.

If the only force is weight, then the x velocity stays constant and the y velocity changes with time and position : If the only force is weight, then the x velocity stays constant (ax = 0). The y velocity changes with time and position (y acceleration ay = -g).                      

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A 75.0 kg log floats downstream with a speed of 1.80 m/s. Eight frogs hop onto the log in a series of inelastic collisions. If each frog has a mass of 0.30 kg and an upstream speed of 1.3 m/s, what is the change in kinetic energy for this system

Answers

The change in kinetic energy for this system is - 11.69 J.

What is the change in the kinetic energy of the system?

The change in the kinetic energy of the system is calculated by applying the following kinematic equation as shown below.

ΔK.E = K.Ef - K.Ei

where;

K.Ei is the initial kinetic energy of the systemK.Ef is the final kinetic energy of the system

The initial kinetic energy of the logs and the frogs is calculated as follows;

K.Ei = ¹/₂ (75)(1.8²)  +   8(¹/₂)(0.3)(1.3²)

K.Ei = 123.53 J

The final kinetic energy of the system depends on the final velocity of the system. The final velocity of the system after the collision is calculated as follows;

m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = v (m₁ + m₂)

(75 x 1.8) + (8 x 0.3)(-1.3)  = v (75  +  8 x 0.3)

135 - 3.12 = 77.4v

131.88 = 77.4v

v = 131.88 / 77.4

v = 1.7 m/s

K.Ef = ¹/₂(m₁ + m₂)v²

K.Ef = ¹/₂(75 + 0.3x8)( 1.7² )

K.Ef = 111.84 J

The change in kinetic energy = 111.84 J - 123.53 J = - 11.69 J

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