Laboratory environments can be dangerous because of the existence of explosive compounds, potentially toxic microbes, volatile solvents, high pressure gases, and hazardous and caustic substances.
What is safety in the laboratory?The presence of hazardous and caustic substances, volatile solvents, high pressure gases, explosive compounds, and potentially harmful bacteria in a laboratory raises safety concerns. Mistakes in the lab can be avoided with a little caution and respect to established safety requirements.
Make sure you are protected from any splashes by covering up any exposed skin with clothing and footwear. Keep long hair, jewellery, and other anything that could get caught in gear in a ponytail. Never use cosmetics (including lip balm) or contact lenses in a lab setting, and never eat, drink, chew gum, or consume liquids.
Suitable facilities and equipment, suitable training, PPE, chemical management, standard operating procedures, waste disposal, signage, proper laboratory practices, and secure working conditions are all part of good laboratory safety measures.
Therefore, the answers are:
12. a)discuss the issue with your instructor.
13. D)away from all people.
14. c)use tongs.
15. You were hurt in the laboratory (cut, burn, etc.) Visit the school nurse after class as your first course of action. after school, visit a doctor.
16. a) Read all directions carefully to know what equipment is necessary.
17. d) The Lab instructor.
18. d) Plenty of water.
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A 20.0 mL sample of 0.150 M ethylamine is titrated with 0.050 M HCl
Part A
What is the PH after the addition of 5.0 ml of HCl? for ethylamine, pKb= 3.25.
10.04
9.71
11.46
11.79
pKa = 14 - pKb
pKa = (14 - 3.25) = 10.75
pH = pKa + log(remaining base/added acid)
--> base and acid in moles
.15 M x .02 L = .003 moles Et; .005 M x .0981 = 4.905 x 10^-4 moles HCl; .003 - 4.905 x 10^-4 = .0025095 remaining moles of Et
pH = 10.75 + (log(((.0025095 moles Et) / (4.095 x 10^-4 moles HCl))) =
pH = 10.75 + .70895 = 11.46 pH units
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≅ 38.0 mL of a 0.38M solution of sodium carbonate is mixed with 40.0mL of a 0.50 M calcium nitrate solution. Identify the precipitate formed and calculate the theoretical yield
Answer:
When the two solutions are mixed, a precipitate of calcium carbonate will be formed. Calcium carbonate is the product of the reaction between sodium carbonate and calcium nitrate. The reaction can be represented by the following equation:
2 Na2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2 -> CaCO3 + 2 NaNO3
To calculate the theoretical yield of the reaction, you will need to use the balanced chemical equation to determine the ratio of reactants to products. In this case, the ratio of calcium carbonate to calcium nitrate is 1:1. This means that for every mole of calcium nitrate that reacts, 1 mole of calcium carbonate will be produced.
To calculate the theoretical yield, you will need to first determine the number of moles of each reactant present in the solution. To do this, you can use the following formula:
Moles = (concentration (M) * volume (L)) / 1000 (mL/L)
Plugging in the values for the concentration and volume of each solution, you get:
Sodium carbonate: Moles = (0.38 M * 0.038 L) / 1000 mL/L = 1.47 x 10^-4 moles
Calcium nitrate: Moles = (0.50 M * 0.040 L) / 1000 mL/L = 2.00 x 10^-4 moles
Since the ratio of reactants in the balanced chemical equation is 1:1, the number of moles of calcium carbonate produced will be equal to the number of moles of calcium nitrate that reacts. In this case, the theoretical yield of calcium carbonate will be 2.00 x 10^-4 moles.
To convert this to grams, you will need to know the molar mass of calcium carbonate. The molar mass of calcium carbonate is 100.09 g/mol, so the theoretical yield in grams will be:
Theoretical yield (g) = Moles * Molar mass = (2.00 x 10^-4 moles) * (100.09 g/mol) = 0.002 g
This is the theoretical yield of calcium carbonate that would be produced if the reaction were allowed to go to completion. In practice, the actual yield may be lower due to various factors such as the presence of impurities or the formation of unwanted side products.
Explanation:
The correct IUPAC name for the following compound is: CH-CH-CH-C CH,-CH CH2 2-bromo-4-methylenehexane 2-(2-bromopropyl)-1-butene 2-bromo-4-ethyl-1-pentene 2-bromo-4-ethyl-4-pentene 4-bromo-2-ethyl-1-pentene
4-bromo-2-ethyl-1-pentene is the IUPAC name of CH-CH-CH-C CH,-CH CH2 compound.
What is IUPAC name and how it works?You must first know a few fundamental names before you can name chemical substances. These names are mentioned in the section on alkane naming. The base portion of the name often corresponds to the number of carbons in the parent chain that you have designated. The type(s) of functional group(s) existing on (or inside) the parent chain are indicated by the name's suffix. Substituents are other groups that are connected to the parent chain. Find and identify the carbon chain with the longest continuous length. The groups that make up this chain are named and identified. Sequentially number the chain, starting at the end nearest to a substituent group. Assign a name and corresponding number to each substituent group to denote its location.
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how many grams of lithium hydroxide are needed to completely neutralize 500 ml of a 0.2 m solution of hcl?
The amount of grams of lithium hydroxide needed to completely neutralize 500 ml of a 0.2 m solution of HCl is 38.7 grams.
What is lithium hydroxide ?Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound that has the chemical formula LiOH, meaning it contains one atom of lithium and one atom of oxygen connected by a single covalent bond. Lithium hydroxide is commonly used in the chemical industry to produce lithium salts and other compounds, as well as in the manufacturing of glass and ceramics. It is also used in a variety of industrial and medical applications, such as the production of pharmaceuticals and antacids. Lithium hydroxide is an effective absorbent of carbon dioxide and is often used in air purification systems and spacecraft life-support systems.
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electrons in the filament of a lamp that carries ac have a net speed that is _________.
Electrons in the filament of a lamp that carries AC (alternating current) have a net speed of zero because the electrons are constantly reversing direction.
Electrons in the filament of a lamp that carries AC (alternating current) have a net speed of zero because the electrons are constantly reversing direction.
This means that the electrons do not have an overall net velocity or speed, as they are oscillating back and forth in the same area.
This is because the alternating current causes the electrons to oscillate back and forth in a regular pattern, so they do not have an overall net motion. This is why the filament of a lamp that carries AC is able to produce light—the electrons are constantly reversing direction, creating a rapid vibration within the filament that produces heat and light.
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Look at the table. How much energy is transferred by the TV in 1.5 seconds?
The amount of energy transferred by the TV in 1.5 seconds, given the power rating of 180 watts is 270 Joules
How do I determine the amount of energy transferred?We know that power is defined as the rate at which energy is used up. Mathemaically, it can be expressed as:
Power = Energy / Time
With the above formula, we can determine the amount of energy transferred by the TV in 1.5 seconds. This is illustrated below:
Power = 180 wattsTime = 1.5 seconsEnergy transferred =?Power = Energy / Time
180 watts = Energy transferred / 1.5 seconds
Cross multiply
Energy transferred = 180 watts × 1.5 seconds
Energy transferred = 270 Joules
Thus, we can conclude that the energy transferred by the TV is 270 Joules
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1) Predict the overall reaction from the following two-step mechanism:2A -> A2 (slow)A2 + B -> A2B (fast)Express your answer as a chemical equation.2) Predict the rate law from the following two-step mechanism:2A -> A2 (slow)A2 + B -> A2B (fast)Express your answer in terms of k, [A] and [B] as necessary.____________________________3) What is the rate law for the following mechanism in terms of the overall rate constant k?Step 1: A + B ⇌ C (fast)Step 2: B + C -> D (slow)Express your answer in terms of k and the necessary concentrations (e.g., k*[A]^3*[D]).4) Using the results of the Arrhenius analysis (Ea=93.1kJ/mol and A=4.36×1011M⋅s−1), predict the rate constant at 342 K .Express the rate constant in liters per mole-second to three significant figures.
rate constant = 2.63*10-3 L/mol.s
1. The reactions are:
2A -> A2 (slow)
A2 + B -> A2B (fast)
By adding both these equations, we get,
2A + B -----> A2B
This is the overall reaction.
2) In the two step mechanism, the rate depends on the slow step. So,
rate = k [A]2
3) In the two reactions rate will depend on slow step.
Rate = k*[B]*[C]
4) Arrhenius equation,
k = Ae-Ea/RT
A = 4.36×1011M⋅s−1
Ea = 93.1kJ/mol = 93100 J/mol
R = gas constant = 8.314 J/mol.K
Temperature = T = 342 K
k = Ae-Ea/RT = (4.36×1011) e-93100/(8.314*342) = 2.63*10-3 L/mol.s
rate constant = 2.63*10-3 L/mol.s
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a. Ammonia, NH3, is a weak electrolyte. It forms ions in solution by reacting with water molecules to form the ammonium ion and hydroxide ion. Write the balanced chemical reaction for this process, including state symbols.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of ammonia with water to form the ammonium ion and hydroxide ion is: NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) → NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
In this equation, NH3 represents ammonia in an aqueous solution, H2O represents water, NH4+ represents the ammonium ion, and OH- represents the hydroxide ion. The state symbols (aq) represent aqueous solutions, (l) represents liquid. This process is called ammonium hydroxide and this reaction is an equilibrium reaction and the position of equilibrium is towards the right side, that's why it's considered as a weak electrolyte. The reaction is exothermic, and the NH3 molecule is the Bronsted-Lowry acid and the H2O molecule is a Bronsted-Lowry base, this reaction is an acid-base reaction.
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The movement of protons through ATP synthase occurs from the
O a matrix to the cytoplasm.
O b matrix to the Intermembrane space.
O c cytoplasm to the Intermembrane space
O d Intermembrane space to the matrix
Answer:
The movement of protons through ATP synthase occurs from the intermembrane space to the matrix.
Explanation:
The inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts contains an enzyme called ATP synthase, which uses the energy released by the movement of protons across the membrane to generate ATP. The movement of protons is driven by the proton gradient across the inner membrane, which is created by the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain pumps protons, and then protons flow back down their concentration gradient through the ATP synthase enzyme, which in turn causes the formation of ATP. This process is known as chemiosmosis. The movement of protons through the ATP synthase is an exothermic process, meaning that it releases energy. This energy is used to drive the endothermic process of ATP synthesis, which requires the input of energy to generate ATP.
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Ca(HCO3)2 as a ratio
Answer:
Can(HCO 3)2=CaCO +CO2 +H2O
why might sodium carbonate (washing soda, na2co3) be added to hard water to aid in cleaning?
Sodium carbonate (washing soda) can be added to hard water to aid in cleaning because it helps to reduce the hardness of the water.
By reducing the hardness of the water, the detergent used in cleaning is able to work more effectively, resulting in cleaner dishes and surfaces. Sodium carbonate also helps to break down dirt and grease, making it easier to remove. Additionally, it helps to reduce spotting on dishes and glassware.
Sodium carbonate (washing soda) can be added to hard water to aid in cleaning by reducing its hardness, breaking down dirt and grease, and helping to reduce spotting on dishes and glassware.
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Drag each label to the correct location. Each label can be used more than once. In the image, balls that look alike represent the same type of atom. The atoms have formed molecules. Identify which molecules are elements, and which are compounds.
PLEASE HELP
Answer:
A compound consists of two or more different elements chemically combined.
An element is made entirely from one type of atom.
For example, the top left is stated as a compound because it contains two dark atoms and one grey atom, which are both different elements chemically combined, which means it is not an element.
The bottom left is an element because it consists of two dark atoms which are the same. It is made up of one type of atom - a dark atom. Thus it cannot be a compound.
Which of the following processes produces 36 ATP? Select one
A hydrolysis of creatine phosphate
B glycolysis
C Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
Option C - Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are the processes produces 36 ATP .
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs or citric acid cycle, is the main source of energy for cells and a crucial step in aerobic respiration. The cycle transforms the chemical energy of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide's reducing force (NADH). The Krebs cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle or the citric acid cycle, is the central component of cellular metabolism and is crucial for the production of both energy and biomolecules. In addition to completing the task of reducing sugar that was begun during glycolysis, it also fuels ATP synthesis. Cells use enzymes to oxidise nutrients and release chemical energy in the metabolic process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
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The equation of burning (the combustion of) the organic compound 8 The compound C,H,O, burns completely in O, gas forming carbon dioxide gas and water vapour. What is the coefficient of oxygen in the balanced equation of the combustion (burning) reaction ? a) 3. 5 (b) 4 d) 6
The chemical compound C,H,O completely burns in oxygen gas, releasing carbon dioxide and water vapour. In the balanced equation of the combustion (burning) reaction, the oxygen coefficient is 5.
Which natural gas produces carbon dioxide and water when it burns in the air and mixes with oxygen?Natural gas is a hydrocarbon that contains methane (CH4). Any hydrocarbon will create water and carbon dioxide when burned in the presence of air (CO2) Complete combustion occurs when natural gas burns, producing a high-temperature blue flame.
Which of the following causes deforestation, burning, and cement manufacturing to naturally release CO2 into the atmosphere on Earth?When animals breathe or decay (decompose), carbonate rocks are worn, forest fires happen, and volcanoes erupt, carbon dioxide is naturally released into the atmosphere. Human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels, the destruction of forests, and the manufacture of cement all contribute to the atmospheric addition of carbon dioxide.
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What metal goes in gap 1? give the name not the symbol.
A metal in chemistry refers to a group of elements that have common characteristics, such as being good conductors of heat and electricity, being malleable and ductile, and having a metallic luster.
Some examples of metals include:
Iron (Fe): Iron is a common metal found in the earth's crust, and is used in many industrial and construction applications, such as in steel production and in making tools and machinery.Copper (Cu): Copper is a red-brown metal that is known for its high conductivity and is used in many electrical applications, such as in wire and cable production.Aluminum (Al): Aluminum is a lightweight metal that is known for its corrosion resistance and is used in many applications, such as packaging, transportation, and construction.Gold (Au): Gold is a yellow metal that is known for its malleability and ductility, as well as its resistance to tarnishing. It is used in many applications, such as jewelry, electronics, and in central banks as a reserve.Silver (Ag): Silver is a whitish-gray metal that is known for its high conductivity and is used in many applications such as photography, electronics, and jewelry.The purpose of these metals depends on their physical and chemical properties as well as the specific use for which they are made.
The answer is general since this question is incomplete and the similar one is nowhere to be found.
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esters and amides are most easily made by nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions on ________? A.on alcohols. B.acid anhydrides. C.carboxylates. D.carboxylic acids. E.acid chlorides.
Esters and amides are most easily made by Nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction on Alcohols.
The reaction that involves in the bond formation of acyl group is called Nucleophilic substitution reaction. The Nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction is a reaction where a nucleophile forms a new bond with the carbonyl carbon of an acyl group with accompanying breakage of a bond between the carbonyl carbon and a leaving group. This reaction is called as a substitution reaction because the forming and breaking a bond on the same carbon occurs. The functional groups which undergo nucleophilic acyl substitutions are called carboxylic acid derivatives. these include carboxylic acids themselves carboxylates, amides, esters, thioesters, and acyl phosphates. Esters and amides are made by nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction.
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In the reaction 2 agi na2s-->ag2s 2nai, calculate the number of moles of agl needed to react with 85.0 g na2s
The number of moles of agl needed to react with 85.0 g na2s is 1.09. Given that, the reaction is 2AgI + Na₂S → Ag₂S + 2NaI.
From the equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of Na₂S that reacts, 2 moles of AgI are needed. Therefore, we can use the following formula to find the number of moles of AgI needed:
moles of AgI = moles of Na₂S * (moles of AgI / moles of Na₂S)
We can find the moles of Na₂S by using the molar mass, which is the mass of one mole of a substance. The molar mass of Na₂S is:
Molar mass of Na₂S = 2(22.98977 g/mol) + 32.066 g/mol = 78.107 g/mol
Now we can substitute the known information into the formula and solve for the number of moles of AgI:
moles of AgI = (85 g of Na₂S) / (78.107 g/mol) * (2 moles AgI/1 mole Na₂S)
The number of moles of AgI is approximately: 1.09
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In the reaction : 2AgI + Na₂S -----> Ag₂S + 2NaI, the number of the moles needed to react with the 85 g of Na₂S is 2.16 mol.
The reaction is given as :
2AgI + Na₂S -----> Ag₂S + 2NaI
The mass of the Na₂S = 85 g
The molar mass of the Na₂S = 78 g / mol
The number of the moles = mass / molar mass
= 85 / 78
= 1.08 mol
2 moles of the AgI react with the 1 mole of the Na₂S
moles of the AgI = 2 × 1.08
= 2.16 mol
Thus, the moles of the AgI is 2.16 mol.
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2. Assume you have 1.39 g of H2 in the presence of N2. How many moles of ammonia will be formed if all
According to mole concept and stoichiometry, 1.39 g of hydrogen in the presence of nitrogen will form 0.46 moles.
What is stoichiometry?It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.
In the given example, as per the reaction of formation of ammonia 6 g hydrogen produces 34 g ammonia, therefore 1.39 of hydrogen will produce 1.39×34/6=7.87 g of ammonia
7.87 g of ammonia =7.87/17=0.46 moles of ammonia.
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All isotopes of Oxygen must have
O 8 neutrons
O 8 protons
O 16 electrons
O A mass number of 16
All isotopes of Oxygen must have 8 protons, but the nucleus might contain 8, 9, or 10 neutrons.
What is IsotopesIsotopes are elements that are twins but not identical. Reporting from Chemical LibreTexts, isotopes have the same atomic number, but have different mass numbers. The isotope name comes from the Greek "isos" which means the same and "topos" which means place. So, isotopes are elements with the same atomic number and also occupy the same place in the periodic table, but different mass numbers. Every element in the periodic table has at least one or more isotopes. Like the element hydrogen which has three isotopes namely protium, deuterium, and tritium.
The three hydrogen isotopes have one electron and one proton, so they have the same atomic number. Protium has no neutrons, deuterium has 1 neutron, while tritium has 2 neutrons. It is this difference in neutrons that makes the mass numbers of the three isotopes different.
Isotope StabilityAn isotope is said to be stable if it does not show a tendency to change spontaneously without a trigger. The stability of isotopes varies depending on the number of neutrons and protons. The ratio or comparison of the number of neutrons and protons in the atomic nucleus affects the stability of an isotope. The same number of neutrons and protons or a 1:1 ratio indicates that the isotope is stable.
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What is the difference between a physical vs. a chemical change? Give an
example of each
Answer:
A chemical change results from a chemical reaction, while a physical change is when matter changes forms but not chemical identity. Examples of chemical changes are burning, cooking, rusting, and rotting. Examples of physical changes are boiling, melting, freezing, and shredding.
Explanation:
I hope it's useful for you.
Thank you..
Answer:
Explanation: For example :
Chemical change; rusting of iron, burning wood etc.
Physical change; melting of ice.
How many miles are equal to 5.21 x 10 24 power molecules CO2
Answer:8.6mol
Explanation:
number of molecules=5.21*10 power24
Na=6.022*10power 23
since, number of molecules=avagadro number*number of moles
therefore,
number of moles=number of molecules/Avagadro number
n=8.6mol
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The empirical formula of an artificial sweetener is c14h18n2o5. the molecular mass of the sweetener is 294.34 g/mol. what is the molecular formula of the artificial sweetener? a. c7h9no2
b. c7h9no3 c. c14h18n2o5 d. c28h36n4o10
The artificial sweetener's empirical formula and the molecular formula are C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅. Therefore, option C is correct.
An empirical formula is a chemical formula for a compound that provides the proportions (ratios) of the elements present but not the exact number or arrangement of atoms.
The empirical formula of an artificial sweetener is given as C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ and the molecular mass as 294.34 g/mol.
The molecular formula is written as n×(Empirical formula) where n=(molecular mass)÷ (Empirical mass).
First, find the empirical mass,
[tex]\begin{aligned}\mathrm{Empirical\;mass\;of\;C_{14}H_{18}N_2O_5}& = 12\times14+1\times18+14\times2+16\times5\\&=\mathrm{294\;g/mol}\end{aligned}[/tex]
Then, we get the n value as follows,
n= 294.34 g/mol÷ 294g/mol
n=1
Then, the molecular formula is, 1×C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅.
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Answer:
C
Explanation:
edge 2023
How many moles are there in 2.39 x 1024 particles of NaCl?
The number of moles that are in 2.39 x 10²⁴ particles of NaCl is 3.97 moles.
What is the number of particles in a mole of a substance?One mole of every substance contains the Avogadro number of particles.
The number of particles in a mole of a substance is equal to 6.02 * 10²³ particles of that substance.
Hence, the relationship between the number of particles and the moles of a substance is given by the formula below:
The number of moles of a substance = number of particles / 6.02 * 10²³
The number of moles that are in 2.39 x 10²⁴ particles of NaCl will be:
The number of moles of NaCl = 2.39 x 10²⁴ / 6.02 * 10²³
The number of moles of NaCl = 3.97 moles
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The exotoxin that functions by destroying cell membranes is called __________.
a. an enterotoxin
b. an A-B toxin
c. a cytolytic toxin
d. a superantigen toxin
The exotoxin that functions by destroying cell membranes is called a cytolytic toxin.
A poison produced by bacteria is known as an exotoxin.An exotoxin can harm the host by killing cells or interfering with regular cellular metabolism. They have a great deal of power and can seriously harm the host.The term "cytolysin" refers to a chemical that is released by bacteria, plants, or animals and is especially harmful to individual cells, frequently leading to the lysis of those cells. Cytolysins are called for the cells in which they function specifically. For instance, hemolysins are the cytolysins that break down red blood cells to release hemoglobins, among other things. Cytolysins may have a role in both venoms and immunity.
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The heat of combustion of liquid toluene (C7H8) is -3910.3 kJ/mol at 1 atm and 298 K.
a) What is the energy of combustion at 1 atm and 298 K?
The heat of combustion of liquid toluene (C7H8) isEcomb = kJ/mol
b) What is the heat of formation of toluene?
The heat of combustion of liquid toluene (C7H8) isHf = kJ/mol
The heat of formation of toluene is -103.6 kJ/mol. The heat of formation of a given compound is the energy released or absorbed when one mole of a given compound is formed from its elements in their most stable form. The energy released or absorbed is the heat of formation.
The heat of combustion of a given compound is defined as the energy released when one mole of a given compound is completely oxidized to form its products. The energy released is the heat of combustion.
The heat of formation of a given compound is the energy released or absorbed when one mole of a given compound is formed from its elements in their most stable form. The energy released or absorbed is the heat of formation.
The heat of formation of toluene is -103.6 kJ/mol.
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List all types of IMFs that would occur in each of the following a. CH_3CF_3 b. CCl_4 c. SO_2 d. BrF List the dominant type of IMF for the pure substances, then rank the strength of each compound based on IMFs within the samples. Circle all of the species below that can form a hydrogen bond in its pure form. Explain why the other species couldn't hydrogen bond. C_2H_6 CH_3NH_2 KCl CH_3CH_2CH_2OH CH_3OCH_3 Rank the following compounds from weakest intermolecular forces to strongest. Justify your answers. I_2 H_2S H_2O Which of the following will have the highest melting point a. naphthalene, C_8H_10 b. methane CH_4 c. SiO_2 d. C_2H_5OH Circle all the compounds which would be expected to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the liquid state: (a) CH_3OCH_3 (b) CH_4 (c) HF (d) CH_3CO_2H (e) Br_2 (f) CH_3OH What type of crystal will each of the following substances form in its solid state? Choices to consider are metallic, ionic, covalent, or molecular crystals. a. C_2H_6 b. Na_2O c. SiO_2 d. CO_2 e. N_2O_5 f. NaNO_3 g. Al h. C (diamond) i. SO_2 For the table below and on the next page, specify the predominant intermolecular force involved for each substance in the space immediately following the substance. Then in the last column indicate which member of the pair you would expect to have the higher boiling point.
Therefore, CH3CH2CH2CH3 is a nonpolar molecular compound and the only intermolecular forces are induced dipole forces.
What intermolecular forces are present between two molecules of ch3cf3?Having a polar Br-F link, BrF is a polar covalent molecule. As a result, interparticle forces like the dispersion force and dipole-dipole force exist in BrF. The dipole-dipole force is known to be more powerful than the dispersion force.
Due to CH3CF3's polar nature, two of its molecules will interact via dipole-dipole interactions. Because dispersion forces exist between every molecule, they will also be present. The C-H bonds in CH3CH2CH3 have a relatively modest dipole moment and weak dipole-dipole forces because carbon and hydrogen have very similar electronegativities. London dispersion forces are the only intermolecular interactions present in CH4 (methane).
The two most significant intermolecular forces are dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces.
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3-methyl-1-butanol (also called isoamyl alcohol or isopentyl alcohol) was mixed with an excess of acetic acid (ethanoic acid is its systematic name) and a trace of sulfuric acid (which serves as a catalyst). This reaction is an equilibrium reaction, so it is expected that not all the starting materials will be consumed. The equilibrium should lie quite far to the right due to the excess of acetic acid used, but not completely.
After an appropriate length of time, isolation of the desired product from the reaction mixture was begun by adding a volume of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 has an effective pKa of 7) roughly equal to the volume of the reaction mixture. Bubbling occurred and a mixture consisting of two layers resulted—a basic aqueous layer and an organic layer.
The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was removed.
The addition of aqueous sodium bicarbonate to the layer of organic materials and separation of the layers was repeated twice. Each time the predominantly aqueous layers were removed, they were combined in the same collection flask.
The organic layer that remained after the three bicarbonate extractions were dried and then subjected to distillation to obtain a pure sample of 3-methylbutyl ethanoate (isoamyl acetate).
List all the chemical species likely to be present at the end of the reaction but before adding aqueous NaHCO3. Note that the H2SO4 was not consumed (since it is a catalyst).
At the end of the reaction before adding aqueous [tex]NaHCO_3[/tex], the following chemical species are likely to be present:
3-methyl-1-butanol (isoamyl alcohol or isopentyl alcohol).Acetic acid (ethanoic acid).3-methylbutyl ethanoate (isoamyl acetate).Water.Sulfuric acid (catalyst).A Lewis structure, also known as a Lewis dot diagram, is a way to represent the chemical bonding in a molecule. It uses dots (also called electron dots or Lewis dots) to show the valence electrons on an atom, and lines to show the bonds between atoms. The goal of drawing a Lewis structure is to use the valence electrons of the atoms in a molecule to form the most stable arrangement of atoms, that is to say, to achieve the octet rule where each atom has 8 valence electrons in its outermost shell.
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The following questions refer to the gas-phase decomposition of ethylene chloride.
C2H5Cl products
Experiment shows that the decomposition is first order.
The following data show kinetics information for this reaction:
Time (s) ln [C2H5Cl] (M)
1.0 – 1.625
2.0 –1.735
47. What is the rate constant for this decomposition?
A) 0.29/s
B) 0.35/s
C) 0.11/s
D) 0.02/s
E) 0.22/s
The rate constant of the reaction can be obtained as 0.11 s-1. Option C
What is the rate constant?We know that the rate constant that we have for the reaction would have to do with the speed with which there is the conversion of the reactants into the products as well as the disappearance of the reactants.
We can see that the table that shows how the reaction is progressing can be shown in the reaction that we have here and we need to show that the information that we have can be used to obtain the rate constant of the reaction as have been shown in the kinetics.
Using the formula;
ln[A] = ln[A]o - kt
[A] = concentration at time t
[A]o = initial concentration
k = rate constant
t = time taken
We have;
–1.735 = – 1.625 - k(1)
k = – 1.625 + 1.735
k = 0.11 s-1
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addition of br2 to (e)-hex-3-ene produces ________. A. meso dibromide B.mixture of enantiomeric dibromides which is optically active C.a mixture of enantiomeric dibromides which is optically inactive D..の3,4-dibromo-3.hexene e e E.-3,4-dibromo-3-hexene
Option (a) is correct. Addition of br2 to (E)- Hex- 3-ene produces a meso dibromide.
The addition of Br of an alkene involves the formation of an intermediate cyclic bromonium ion, followed by the anti-addition of a bromide ion to form the product. The rigidity of the ring controls the stereochemistry of the reaction. This means that the addition of Br of a trans alkene gives a meso dibromide. the addition of hex-3-ene gives meso-2,3-dibromohexane as the product. Addition of Br2 to (E)-hex-3-ene produces a meso dibromide, a mixture of enantiomeric dibromides which is optically active and a mixture of enantiomeric dibromides which is optically inactive.
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which substance is a Brønsted-Lowry conjugate acid? HClO4(aq)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+ ClO4-(aq)
Answer:
Explanation:
(a) C5H5N(aq)+H2O(l)⇌C5H5NH+(aq)+OH−(aq)
