Answer:
A dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele, which can come from just one parent. For a recessive allele to produce a recessive phenotype, the individual must have two copies, one from each parent.
What's it's saying is to have An offspring with Recessive genotype both parents must have at least one recessive alleles in their genotype
which of the following is a measure of energy expended in everyday spontaneous activities? a. non-exercise activity thermogenesis (neat) b. basal metabolic rate (bmr) c. resting metabolic rate (rmr) d. set-point
The measure of energy expended in everyday spontaneous activities is the non-exercise activity thermogenesis (neat). That is option A.
What are spontaneous activities?Spontaneous activities are those activities that occur which are usually unplanned and are natural.
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is defined as the energy that is expended on those activities that are not planned which helps in the silent burning of excess fat and calories in the body.
Recently, it has been discovered that involving in non-exercise activity thermogenesis would help improve one's health and life span.
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How would the world be different if no organisms ever evolved?
However, extinction is likely to occur if conditions change faster than a species can adapt and if individuals from that species lack the characteristics necessary to live in the new environment.
What is organisms and example?A living creature that has a defined system, is capable of responding to stimuli, can reproduce, grow, adapt, and preserve equilibrium is referred to as an organism. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungus, protist, bacterium, or archaeon found on Earth would be deemed an organism.
What are organisms made of?Cells, that are regarded as the basic building blocks of life, make up every living thing. Just one organisms are clever! Atoms create molecules, which create the cellular organelles and structure within each cell. Related cells that form tissues in complex organisms.
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Prior to the industrial revolution, what was the previous highest level of co2 concentration in the atmosphere over the prior 400,000 years?.
The previous highest level of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere over the preceding 400,000 years was 300 PPM prior to the industrial revolution.
Fossil fuel burning for transportation and electrical generation, cement manufacturing, deforestation, agriculture, and numerous other practices all contribute to CO2 pollution. CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap heat from the planet's surface that would otherwise escape into space. This causes the planet's atmosphere to warm steadily, triggering a series of weather effects like extreme heat, drought, and wildfires, as well as more precipitation, flooding, and tropical storms.
Prior to the industrial revolution, CO2 levels were reliably around 300 PPM for just about 400,000 years earlier of human civilization. Since then, approximately 1.5 trillion tons of CO2 pollution have been produced by humans, much of which will continue to warm the atmosphere for thousands of years.
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saliva secretion can be inhibited by pharmaceutical means. drugs such as ssri's, antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, and tobacco smoke can be classified as antisialagogues because of their ability to suppress the action of the salivary glands. in what way might this impair digestion?
(a) "Carbohydrate digestion will slow down because of lack of salivary enzymes." is the way it might impair digestion.
Special enzymes found in saliva aid in the digestion of the carbohydrates in diet. Starches, or complex carbs, are broken down into sugars by an enzyme called amylase so that your body may more easily absorb them. Lingual lipase is another enzyme found in saliva that helps to break down lipids.
Food digestion starts in the mouth with the aid of salivary enzymes. The salivary amylase, lingual lipase, and ptyalin start the digestion of fat and starch in the mouth. Salivary amylase converts carbohydrates into their constituent sugars. Therefore, a deficiency of salivary enzymes is caused by a reduction in salivary output.
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Question correction:
Saliva secretion can be inhibited by pharmaceutical means. Drugs such as SSRI’s, antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, and tobacco smoke can be classified as antisialagogues because of their ability to suppress the action of the salivary glands. In what way might this impair digestion?
a. Carbohydrate digestion will slow down because of lack of salivary enzymes.
b. Protein digestion will slow down because of lack of pepsinogen.
c. Fat digestion will slow down because of lack of bile.
d. None of the above. Saliva plays no role in digestion.
botox is a medical application using the toxin produced by clostridium botulinum to choose one: a. kill pathogenic microbes in the gut. b. relax muscle spasms. c. prevent recurrent infections. d. kill pathogenic microbes in the central nervous system.
Botox is a medical application using the toxin produced by clostridium botulinum to (b) relax muscle spasms.
Botulinum toxin, one of the most dangerous biological toxins, is a neurotoxin created by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum produces eight exotoxins with unique antigens (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G).
All serotypes inhibit acetylcholine, the major neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction, compromising with neuronal transmission and crippling limbs. Botulinum poisoning The typical duration of an injection-induced weakness is three months. The Clostridium botulinum toxin, which has paralytic properties, can be utilized to treat wrinkles and reduce muscle spasms.
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During the low point in the sun's 11-year cycle, the gravitational field lines up with the poles, resulting in
✓ This often occurs
During that phase of the solar cycle, intense bursts of radiation cause
the sun
Answer: ending in slower time sunspots.
Explanation: ending cycle
Answer: I assume you are looking for the answers to this prompt:
During the low point in the sun’s 11-year cycle, the gravitational field lines up with the poles, resulting in sunspots. At the peak of the solar cycle, more sunspots tend to form. During that phase of the solar cycle, intense bursts of radiation cause solar flares. This often occurs with coronal mass ejections, which are eruptions of huge amounts of plasma from the sun.
Explanation: Solar cycles occur in 11-year sequences where the sun's strength fluctuates based on solar plasma and magnetic field strengths.
Which of the following is not supported by the endosymbiotic theory?
Answer:
which ones? Where’s the picture?
Explanation:
a close look at almost any terrestrial community or ecosystem reveals that it consists of an ever-changing mosaic of patches of vegetation in different stages of .
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. specialized cells such as white blood cells interact with foreign particles in the body. a particular cell belonging to this category recognizes bacteria and forms a covering around it, pinching off the vacuole. the cell then performs . the foreign particles recognized by the particular type of cells differ from the ones recognized by another type of white blood cell. this situation indicates that the receptors are .
The cell then performs endocytosis, The foreign particles that this particular type of cell recognizes are distinct from those that another type of white blood cell recognizes. This suggests that the receptors are Specific.
The immune system's cells are called white blood cells. They aid in the body's defense against pathogens like bacteria that could otherwise cause harm. They do this by ingesting the bacteria in the form of vesicles. The term for this process is endocytosis.
White blood cell receptors are extremely specific. They can now identify specific foreign particles as a result of this. The adaptive immune system's B and T cells, for instance, are specific for foreign substances. To put it another way, particularly white blood cells are capable of recognizing particular foreign objects. This suggests that these cells have very specific receptors.
(complete question)
Specialized cells such as white blood cells interact with foreign particles in the body. A particular cell belonging to this category recognizes bacteria and forms a covering around it, pinching off the vacuole. The cell then performs 1(BLANK). The foreign particles recognized by the particular type of cells differ from the ones recognized by another type of white blood cell. This situation indicates that the receptors are 2(BLANK).
1.
a) endocytosis
b) exocytosis
c) diffusion
2.
a) the same for all cells
b) specific for the cells
c) never present on cells
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Phospholipids are found in a limited number of foods. They consists of a glycerol backbone with two fatty acids and a compound that contains phosphate. Why are they important in food and in the body?.
A substance with one or more hydroxyl groups is alcohol. A saturated carbon atom is joined to the hydroxyl functional group. 1. Alcohols are a class of volatile hydroxyl chemicals created by distilling hydrocarbons.
Answer is alcohol
The body's reaction to alcohol is what?Alcohol is a depressant of the central nervous system. This indicates that the medication slows brain activity. Your mood, conduct, and self-control may change as a result. It may impair one's memory and ability to think coherently. Your physical control and coordination may be impacted by alcohol as well.
Alcohol has an impact on all of your body's organs. It might increase your heart rate and blood pressure, for instance. If you consume too much alcohol at once, you might become sick.
The effects of alcohol vary from person to person and depend on a number of variables, including:
your alcohol consumptionhow soon you consumed ithow much food you consumed before drinkingYou areYour sexual orientationYour ethnicity or raceYour state of healthRegardless matter whether your family has a history of drinking issuesA typical drink in the US comprises approximately 14 grams of pure alcohol, which can be found in:
A 12-ounce beer with a 5% alcohol contentWine with a 12% alcohol content, 5 ouncesA "shot" or 1.5 ounces of 40% alcohol-containing distilled spirits or liquorTo Learn more About alcohol., Refer:
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the vestibular system is primarily responsible for . question 15 options: 1) sending pain and temperature signals from the skin to the brain; problems would make it difficult to feel pain 2) encoding and processing faces; problems would make it difficult to recognize friends 3) processing body position and motion; problems would make it difficult to maintain balance 4) transforming chemical molecules into electrical signals; problems would make it difficult to smell
The vestibular system is primarily responsible for process body position and movement; problems would make it difficult to maintain balance.
3) process body position and movement; problems would make it difficult to maintain balance.
What is vestibular system?The vestibular system detects the position and movement of the head in space by integrating information from peripheral receptors located in the inner ear. Sensory cells in the posterior labyrinth transform mechanical energy resulting from ciliary movements into a biological signal.
In humans, this system is composed of three semicircular canals that merge in a central region called the vestibule, which has two other vesicular structures: the saccule and utricle, also known as otolith organs.
The utricle presents larger dimensions when compared to the saccule, located in the superior region of the vestibule. There is a tiny area of lining of the saccule and utricle that differentiates into a sensory organ, known as the macula.
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the discomfort associated with irritable bowel syndrome can be alleviated with low doses of the class of antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft (the space between adjacent neurons). serotonin is a relatively small polar neurotransmitter used to transmit nerve impulses in the nerve tissue in the gut and central nervous system. serotonin is transported back into the releasing neuron up its concentration gradient and down a sodium gradient. how might an antidepressant block serotonin reuptake by the releasing neuron?
It could block active transport of serotonin back into the cell by blocking a serotonin-sodium symporter.
The gastrointestinal system, usually known as the stomach and intestines, are affected by the illness known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Constipation, diarrhea, and stomach discomfort are all possible symptoms. There may also be cramping.
IBS is a chronic ailment that requires long-term management. The abdominal discomfort of patients who took antidepressants for their IBS symptoms significantly improved, and other IBS symptoms including diarrhea, constipation, bloating, nausea, or urgency decreased as well.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may both lessen general IBS symptoms. Approximately 55% of patients on TCAs or SSRIs will benefit, as opposed to 35% of patients taking a placebo.
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1. What is the ultimate source of energy in the food we eat? I
Answer:The sun
Explanation:
Answer:
The sun
Explanation:
The ultimate source of the energy in food is the sun. The movement of energy from the sun through different organisms is what creates a food chain. Plants get their energy directly from the sun.
PLS HELP! You have to color code the image and that’s it
Outer membrane - light green
Inner membrane - brown
Thylakoids - dark green (label it too!)
Entire stack of granum - yellow
Stroma - blue
1. A chloroplast is surrounded by two membranes.
2. The skin's surface is smooth
3. Thylakoids, or individual sacs generated by the inner membrane, are
stacked like pancakes in rows.
4. If a thylakoid has pigment, what color will it be?
green; chlorophyll.
5. Accessory pigments are another kind of pigments that absorb sunlight. These pigments are colored.
Orange, yellow, red, and brown
6. Thylakoids are stacked and are known as Grana (plural) or GRANUM (singular).
7. Lamellae attach stacks or grana to one another.
What is the thylakoid membrane's greenish pigment called?
the color chlorophyll
The thylakoid membrane contains the green pigment chlorophyll, and the region between it and the chloroplast membranes is known as the stroma.
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Which Cranial nerve arises directly off of brain and it’s branches pass through several openings on anterior and inferior skull to innervate facial area?
Answer: The facial nerve
Explanation: It arises from the brain stem and extends posteriorly to the abducens nerve and anteriorly to the vestibulocochlear nerve. I hope this is what you're looking for.
Answer:
I think it's the facial area
processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
Discuss the dynamics of each. In your discussion be sure to include ….
which kingdom undergoes each process(2pts),
reactants and products of each (2pts),
cell organelle involved in each process (2pts),
organ involved in respiration (2pts).
Photosynthesis occurs in plants while respiration occurs in the animals.
What is photosynthesis?The term photosynthesis has to do with the reaction of carbon dioxide and water to give sugars and oxygen. This occurs in the chloroplast of the organisms that can be found in the plant kingdom. The leave is the organ of the plant where the photosynthesis takes place. Thus, the process is used by the plants to be able to manufacture there own food in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
Respiration occurs in the organisms that are found in the animal kingdom. The process of respiration occurs in the mitochondrion of the animal cell. We know that the process of respiration involves the combination of sugars and oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water. The lungs is the organ that is responsible for respiration in animals. This process is used by the animals to break down the complex sugar molecules so as to obtain the energy that is required for the animal to able to carry out the activities that is required for the animals to be able to carry out.
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what is the reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent based on the theory of island biogeography
Species evolve more in the island near the continent than the far one due to environmental conditions and availability of resources.
What is theory of island biogeography and why the species evolve more on island near continent?Theory of island biogeography explains the diversity of species increases as they disperse from islands.Here in the question is asked the reason of more species evolving in the island near continent than far.Apart the environmental condition better for the species in the island , than the island far from the continent.There is a food factor too, which is best at island near the continent, that the species do not get attracted by far island.Hence due environmental conditions and availibility of resources are the factors.To know more about continent visit:
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what is the difference between invasive and noninvasive healthcare diagnostic techniques?
Answer: This is a huge category and includes almost all major surgeries and many diagnostic tests. If it leaves a scar, it is most likely an invasive procedure. Invasive procedures may be required to remove a tumor, repair a broken bone, or stop internal bleeding. Of course, these are just three examples: there are literally dozens of other indications for invasive procedures. Non-invasive procedures are also quite common.
Explanation: I hope it serves you
Answer: The major difference between invasive and non-invasive tests is that invasive tests are done by cutting or entering a body part using medical instruments, whereas non-invasive tests do not require breaking the skin or entering the body. Non-invasive tests include deep palpation, x-rays, and checking blood pressure.
Explanation:
see above.
Bohr’s ""planetary model"" states that electrons are in specific energy levels or ""orbits"" around the nucleus. Explain how this is not possible using heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
The speed and precise location of the electrons as they passed through the atom cannot be determined in accordance with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
Bohr believed that electrons traveled along circular routes as they orbited the nucleus; but, in the contemporary understanding, atomic electron structure is more akin to three-dimensional standing waves.
Rutherford's theory of the atom was expanded upon by Bohr. The majority of the atom's mass is concentrated there, in the region we now refer to as the nucleus, and electrons form a sort of cloud around the positive mass. The model's explanation utilizing the quantified energy was Bohr's most important contribution. He thought that electrons traveled in a circle around the nucleus with quantized potential and kinetic energy.
In theory, it is still thought that the model's quantification component is accurate. The concept of circular orbits for electrons is the major issue.
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that it is impossible to know a particle's position and momentum at the same time, is not satisfied by this. It also fails to account for the fact that atoms are arranged in three dimensions. The 3D structure of an atom is unlikely to exist if the orbitals are circular.
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ONLY AND ONLY SMART PEOPLE ANSWER THIS:)
At that time its sensible heat released over the time period it means that it releases heat from any degree Celsius up to zero degree Celsius.
It happens because heat is released from water to surrounding by the help freezer or refrigerator.
When latent heat is released than phase change will take place. It means that when water reaches at zero degree Celsius than latent heat will released than water become ice at zero degree Celsius.
The word associated with the phenomenon is phase change.
What is freezing process?Freezing has been the process in which the phase change or state change takes place and it means that a process in which a liquid change into solid.
Freezing process can be achieved by the extraction of heat i.e or removing latent heat, latent heat, energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in its physical state (phase) that occurs without change in temperature.
Therefore, At that time its sensible heat released over the time period it means that it releases heat from any degree Celsius up to zero degree Celsius.
It happens because heat is released from water to surrounding by the help freezer or refrigerator.
When latent heat is released than phase change will take place. It means that when water reaches at zero degree Celsius than latent heat will released than water become ice at zero degree Celsius.
The word associated with the phenomenon is phase change.
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Which of the following characteristics is the most desirable for constraining the relative age of rocks?
answer: organisms with overlapping ranges and geologically short lifespans
The most desirable characteristic for constraining the relative age of rocks: organisms which exhibit overlapping ranges as well as have short lifespans in geological terms.
Relative age is a term used to describe the age of a particular rock formation compared to other rock formations.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
Which of the following properties is most desirable to constrain the relative ages of rocks?
Hints:-
Organisms displaying overlapping ranges as well as short geological lifespans,
Organisms which do not display overlap in range,
Organisms that display overlap in range as well as have long geological lifespan,
Organisms which have soft bodies and are microscopic in nature,
Organisms that display long periods of geologic time.
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which of the following is not true concerning all bacterial plasmids? choose one: a. they may exist in multiple copies in a single cell. b. they may contain antibiotic resistance genes. c. they may be transmitted horizontally from one bacterium to another. d. they are always linear dna.
Option D i.e. they are always linear DNA is not true concerning all bacterial plasmids.
Plasmids are crucial for bacterial evolution and adaptability to the environment because they contain genes that confer advantageous characteristics on the bacterial cell. Plasmids of many sorts can coexist in the same bacterial cell.
In every bacterial cell, plasmids are present by nature. All bacterial cells include plasmids, which are tiny, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules. These plasmids can independently reproduce because they are isolated from chromosomal DNA.
The plasmids contain genes for antibiotic resistance. Virulence Plasmids: The majority of the infection in the host body is caused by plasmids that contain viral genes. Degradative Plasmids: These plasmids include genes that cause the host genome to deteriorate.
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What 2 events in nature can hinder the process of carbohydrate production? Explain your answer. Use the sentence frame: “___ can hinder carbohydrate production because ____.”
The answers include the following below:
Stormy weather can hinder carbohydrate production because of inadequate sunlight.Low temperature can hinder carbohydrate production because of low heat.What is Carbohydrate?
This is referred to as a biomolecule which is the source of energy and is formed during photosynthesis through the use of water and carbondioxide as the reactants. Examples of this type of compound include glucose, starch etc.
Stormy weather and low temperature can hinder carbohydrate production because of inadequate sunlight. During a photosynthesis reaction by plants, there is the need for adequate sunlight as the solar energy is converted into chemical energy.
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Researchers observe that an amoeba appears incapable of forming pseudopods for movement. They conclude that its immobility may be caused by the absence of the protein?.
Immobility of amoeba, may be caused by the absence of actin.
The pseudopodial movement is typically used by the Amoeba to move in the direction of food molecules. The pseudopodia surrounds the food molecule from both sides before eventually swallowing it whole. As a result, pseudopodia are utilized in movement and as a method for capturing prey or obtaining the necessary nutrients.
Because actin is the primary protein, actin polymers push their membrane as they grow, resulting in the formation of the pseudopod. The pseudopodium then uses its adhesion proteins (integrins, for example) to stick to a surface and pull the cell's body forward by contracting an actin-myosin complex in the pseudopod.
Researchers observe that an amoeba appears incapable of forming pseudopods for movement. They conclude that its immobility may be caused by the absence of the protein
a. collagen
b. kinesin
c. tubulin
d. dynein
e. actin
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Many of the drugs of abuse share the tendency to increase levels of which neurotransmitter in the brain?
Select one:
a.
Melatonin
b.
GABA
c.
Serotonin
d.
Dopamine
Answer: Dopamine
Explanation:
Drugs of abuse such as methamphetamine and morphine increase the levels of dopamine in the central nervous system. Dopamine has a variety of functions but functions mainly in motivation and reward mechanism. People doing drugs of abuse create a pleasurable sensation in which there is a dopamine surge every time they use drugs. In the absence of drugs, the body "looks" for the pleasure thereby causing the person to be drug-dependent and addicted.
Drugs of abuse that are commonly abused by people are alcohol, cocaine, MA, heroin, marijuana, nicotine.
Most of these drugs increase the level of dopamine in the brain.
Dopamine is an amine neurotransmitter which generates feelings of pleasure and thus creates a sense of euphoria.
Further, this neurotransmitter is also responsible for reward behavior and thus generates a feeling of satisfaction in the abuser.
Please give a thanks or 5 stars if this helped!
Answer: D. Dopamine
Explanation:
Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that has been classically associated with the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse and may have a key role in triggering the neurobiological changes associated with addiction.
genetic information of plants, animals, bacteria and many viruses is stored in deoxyribonucleic acid polymers (dna). the backbone of the polymer is a made up of the phosphorylated carbohydrate ribose with one less oh group on it. based on what you know about amino acid properties and the charge of phosphates at physiological ph what amino acids would be best at binding dna? group of answer choices positively charged ones like k and r negatively charged ones like d and e uncharged polar ones like t and c nonpolar ones like a and g
Amino acids best at binding DNA are positively charged ones like k and r as DNA is negatively charged which will bind more effectively with positively charged amino acids.
Amino acids are natural compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic corrosive useful bunches.
Even though hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by distance, the foremost critical are the alpha-amino acids, which include proteins. As it were 22 alpha amino acids show up within the hereditary code.
Lysine and arginine are essential amino acids since their side chain bunch contains a full positive charge at the physiological ph. Histidine is additionally considered essential, but it can have a positive or an impartial charge on its side chain gathered at the physiological ph.
Among the 20 common amino acids, five have a side chain that can be charged. At pH=7, two are negatively charged: aspartic corrosive (Asp, D) and glutamic corrosive, and three are positively charged: lysine, arginine, and histidine (His, H) (fundamental side chains).
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A short summary of Darwins 5 Points.
Answer:More organisms are produced than can survive because of limited resources.
— Individuals within a population vary in their traits; some of these traits are heritable -- passed on to offspring.
— Some variants are better adapted to survive and reproduce under local conditions than others.
Explanation:
4. If a mother unimonster is homozygous and has two horns, and a father unimonster is
homozygous and has one horn, what are the phenotypes and genotypes of the possible
offspring? Remember that the two-horn allele is dominant.
A gene region where there are two identical alleles present. Two alleles with the same variation or two alleles that are normal can both be present in a homozygous genotype.
What is Homozygous ? Allele pairings are categorized using the terms homozygous and heterozygous. Homozygous individuals are those who have two copies of the same allele (RR or rr). While heterozygous refers to a particular organism with various alleles (Rr).A test cross can be used by a scientist to determine whether an organism displaying a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous for a certain allele. A homozygous organism for the recessive trait is crossed with the organism in question, and the results of the test cross are looked at.To know more about Homozygous please click here : https://brainly.com/question/3676361
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A person contracts a virus that destroys white blood cells and, as such, is prone to infections. Which signaling pathway has been affected?.
A person contracts a virus which destroys the white blood cells and, as such, becomes prone to infections. In this case, the signaling pathway which gets affected is NF-κB pathway.
What is Immune system?The immune system is responsible for recognizing the invaders by their antigens, which are mostly proteins that are present on the surface of the invading cells. Every cell in the body has its own specific antigens, and a individual's cell carries “self-antigens” that are unique to that individual only and act as antigens to other individual.
An elevation in the level of lymphocytes is an indication of the condition known as lymphocytic leukocytosis. This condition may occur as a result of a virus or any other infection, such as tuberculosis.
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individuals of a fish species living in a river have varying oxygen level requirements. a nearby factory accidentally releases pollutants into the river, causing oxygen levels in the water to decrease. within a few generations, the percentage of fish with lower oxygen requirements has increased in the river. conversely, the percentage of fish with higher oxygen requirements has decreased. what form of selection has taken place in this population?
Individuals of a fish species living in a river have varying oxygen level requirements,causing oxygen levels in the water to decrease, directional selection has taken place in this population.
In a population, directional selection occurs when individuals with features on one side of the mean survive longer or reproduce more frequently than those on the other. Natural selection known as directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is selectively favored. In other words, those who possess this feature have a higher chance of having children. The chemical element with the atomic number 8 and symbol O is oxygen in this sort of selection. The extremely reactive oxygen, which belongs to the chalcogen group in the periodic table, is also necessary for surgery and trauma. Infants, the elderly, and pregnant women are vulnerable populations who require oxygen on a daily basis.
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