Answer
a. C₂H₂O + 2O₂ → 2CO₂ + H₂O
b. 8 moles of O₂
c. 64 g of O₂
d. The grams of CO₂ produced is 262 g and the mass of H₂O produced is 53.6 g.
Explanation
a. The balanced chemical equation gasohol is a fuel containing liquid ethanol (C₂H₂O) that burns in oxygen gas to give carbon dioxide and water gases is:
[tex]C_2H_2O+2O_2\rightarrow2CO_2+H_2O[/tex]b. The moles of O₂ needed to completely react with 4.0 moles of C₂H₂O?.
The mole ratio of O₂ to C₂H₂O in the balanced equation is 2:1.
Therefore, 4.0 moles of C₂H₂O will completely react with (2 x 4) = 8 moles of O₂.
c. The mass in grams of O₂ that is used up in the reaction if a car produces 88 g of CO₂.
The molar mass of CO₂ = 44.01 g/mol
The molar mass of O₂ = 31.999 g/mol
The mole ratio of O₂ to CO₂ is 2:2
This implies (2 mol x 31.999 g/mol) = 63.998 g of O₂ is used up to produce (2 mol x 44.01 g/mol) = 88.02 g of CO₂
Therefore x g of O₂ will be used up to produce 88 g of CO₂
That is;
[tex]\begin{gathered} 63.998g\text{ }O₂=88.02g\text{ }CO₂ \\ \\ x=88g\text{ }CO₂ \\ \\ Cross\text{ }multiply\text{ }and\text{ }divide\text{ }both\text{ }sides\text{ }by\text{ }88.02g\text{ }CO₂ \\ \\ x=\frac{88g\text{ }CO₂}{88.02\text{ }CO₂}\times63.998g\text{ }O₂ \\ \\ x=63.9835grams \\ \\ x\approx64\text{ }g \end{gathered}[/tex]Hence, the mass in grams of O₂ that is used up in the reaction if a car produces 88 g of CO₂ is 64 g.
d. The grams of CO₂ and H₂O that can be produced if 125 g of C₂H₂O were burnt.
1 mole of C₂H₂O = 42.04 g
1 mole of CO₂ = 44.01 g
1 mole of H₂O = 18.01 g
Mass of CO₂ produced:
From the balanced, the mole ratio of C₂H₂O to CO₂ is 1:2
[tex]\begin{gathered} 42.02g\text{ }C₂H₂O=2\times44.01g\text{ }CO₂ \\ \\ 125g\text{ }C₂H₂O=x \\ \\ x=\frac{125g\text{ }C₂H₂O}{42.02g\text{ }C₂H₂O}\times88.02g\text{ }CO₂ \\ \\ x\approx262g\text{ }CO₂ \end{gathered}[/tex]The grams of CO₂ produced is 262 g.
Mass of H₂O produced:
From the balanced, the mole ratio of C₂H₂O to H₂O is 1:1
[tex]\begin{gathered} 42.02g\text{ }C₂H₂O=18.01g\text{ }H₂O \\ \\ 125g\text{ }C₂H₂O=x \\ \\ x=\frac{125g\text{ }C₂H₂O}{42.02g\text{ }C₂H₂O}\times18.01g\text{ }H₂O \\ \\ x\approx53.6grams \end{gathered}[/tex]The mass of H₂O produced is 53.6 g
atmospheric pressure at the summit of mount everest is about one third the pressure at sea level, which is 760 mm hg. what is the partial pressure of oxygen (po2) at the summit of mount everest if oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by volume at both locations?
The total pressure on Everest would be 34 kPa (or one-third of 102 kPa), and the partial pressure of oxygen would be 34 0.208 = 7.07 kPa.
Atmospheric pressure is the amount of force a given atmospheric column exerts relative to its size. At Mount Everest's summit (8848 m above sea level), the atmospheric pressure is 253 mmHg. The risk to a climber's life at high altitudes may come from the altitude itself. Since atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, it is 33% lower at the summit of Everest than it is at sea level. Air pressure increases as air density decreases and air thickness increases. The density of air is influenced by a variety of factors. Most significantly, air becomes less dense as altitude rises, lowering atmospheric pressure.
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Which form of energy can be connected closely to climate change?
a) coal
b) wind
c) hydroelectric
d) solar
Answer:
coal
Explanation:
Convert 11.75 millimeters to meters.
Answer: 0.01175
Explanation:
At standard temperature and pressure, a 0. 50 mol sample of h2 gas and a separate 1. 0 mol sample of o2 gas have the same.
0.50 mol of H₂ and 1.0 mol of O₂ have the same average molecular kinetic energy at standard temperature and pressure
Mass of H₂ and O₂ can be found by the formula given below;
m=n × M
mass of H₂= 0.50 × 2= 1g
mass of O₂=1.0 ×16= 16g
The formula to find average kinetic energy is as follows
K=[tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex]K[tex]B}[/tex]T where K[tex]{B}[/tex]= Boltzmann constant
According to the conditions given above i.e standard temperature and pressure.
K∝T
So it is independent of the quantity of the sample i.e how much the amount of sample is present.
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the experiment ph values for the solutions shoudl be fairly good agreement with the theoretical ph values for each of the solutions tested. why? what are some things thay could cause the experimental ph to be different than the theoretical ph
Experimental pH indicates the pH obtained by directly measuring a specific sample with a pH meter.
The main difference between calculated and experimental pH is that calculated pH gives the pH obtained by solving the pH equation whereas experimental pH is measured directly with a pH meter. It is to indicate the value of a particular sample obtained.
Because microorganisms such as bacteria are sensitive to the concentration of hydrogen ions present in the environment, pH results will change over the course of an experiment. pH is affected by larger proteins, including enzymes. pH is a quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution while acidity is a qualitative measure of the acidic properties of a solution.
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are plants and animals ph sensitive?
Answer:
yes, they are ph sensitive
Explanation:
Plants and animals are known to show growth sensitive to pH. pH is known as the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. For example, plants are known to be growth sensitive to the pH of the soil. Plants need an optimum pH of soil for their growth, hence, showing growth dependence on soil pH.
1. State the general period and group trends among
main-group elements with respect to each of the
following properties:
a. atomic radii
b. first ionization energy
c. electron affinity
d. ionic radii
e. electronegativity
2. a. In general, how do the periodic properties of
the d-block elements compare with those of
the main-group elements?
b. Explain the comparison made in (a).
3. For each main-group element, what is the
relationship between its group number and
the number of valence electrons that the group
members have?
PLEASE HELP FAST
Answer:
What is class??
Explanation:
please tell the topic
Why does Radium have a lower ionization energy than Barium
Radium have a lower ionization energy than Barium because electrons are closer to the nucleus
What is ionization energy?
Ionization energy can be simply stated as a measurement of an atom's or ion's inclination to give up an electron or of how challenging it is to remove an electron from them. An electron is often lost when a chemical species is in its ground state.
The atom displays a smaller radius than anticipated and the s electrons are more challenging to expel because these electrons are located nearer the nucleus. The first ionization enthalpy of Radium is higher than that of Barium.
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Two solutions are made by mixing sugar and enough water to make a 1 liter solution. One contains 10% sugar and the other 20% sugar. Which solution has more solvent?.
Two solutions are made by mixing sugar and enough water to make a 1 liter solution. 10% sugar has more solvent.
In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more compounds in their relative proportions that can be continually altered up to what is referred to as the limit of solubility. Although the word "solution" is frequently used to refer to the liquid state of matter, solutions of gases and solids are also possible. A solute is dissolved by a solvent (s), which is a substance (from the Latin solv, "loosen, untie, solve,") to produce a solution. The most common form of a solvent is a liquid, although other forms include solids, gases, and supercritical fluids. Depending on the temperature, a different amount of solute can dissolve in a given volume of solvent. Solvents are extensively utilized in paints, paint removers, inks, and dry cleaning.
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PLEASE HELP
Suppose 200.0 g of ice absorb 1255.0 J of heat. What is the corresponding temperature change? Specific heat capacity of ice is 2.1 J/gC.
Considering the definition of calorimetry, if 200.0 g of ice absorb 1255.0 J of heat, the temperature change is 2.988°C.
Definition of calorimetryCalorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.
Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change). So, the amount of heat that a body receives or transmits is determined by the following expression:
Q = c×m×ΔT
Where:
Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m.c is a specific heat substance.ΔT is the temperature variation.Temperature change in this caseIn this case:
Q= 1255 Jc= 2.1 J/gCm= 200 gΔT= ?Replacing in the definition of calorimetry:
1255 J = 2.1 J/gC× 200 g× ΔT
Solving:
1255 J ÷(2.1 J/gC× 200 g)= ΔT
2.988 °C= ΔT
Finally, the temperature change is 2.988°C.
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An instructor has a jar of sulfur that contains 16 grams. The students are asked how many sulfur atoms are in the jar. Four students give the following responses:
Arlo says, "There are 1/2 times Avogadro's number of sulfur atoms in the jar."
Bob says, "There are sixteen sulfur atoms in the jar."
Celine says, "There are two times Avogadro's number of atoms in the jar."
Delbert says, "There are sixteen times Avogardro's number of atoms in the jar."
With which, if any, of these three students do you agree:
Arlo,
Bob,
Celine,
Delbert, or
I don't think any of these students are correct
The student with the correct statement is Arlo.
How to determine the number of atomsFirst, we shall determine the mole of sulphur in the jar. This can be obtained as follow:
Mass of sulphur = 16 gramsMolar mass of sulphur = 32 g/moleMole of sulphur =?Mole = mass / molar
Mole of sulphur = 16 / 32
Mole of sulphur = 1/2 mole
Finally, we shall determine the number of atoms in the jar. This can be obotained as follow:
From Avogadro's hypothesis,
1 mole of sulphur = 6.02×10²³ atoms
Therefore,
1/2 mole of sulphur = 1/2 × 6.02×10²³ atoms
1/2 mole of sulphur = 1/2 × Avogadro's number
Thus, the number of sulphur atom is 1/2 times Avogadro's number
Therefore, Arlo is correct.
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how many formula units are there in 212 grams of mgCl2
Formula units are there in 212 grams of MgCl₂ are 830.56
Formula is the empirical of any ionic or covalent network solid compound used as an independent entity for stoichiometric calculations and it is the lowest whole number ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound
Here given data is
MgCl₂ = 212 grams
1 mole of magnesium chloride has mass = 95.211 gram and contains 6.022×10²³formula units of magnesium chloride
Here 212 grams×6.022×10²³form unit of MgCl₂/95.211 gram = 830.56
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order the steps to show how energy is trranformed in plant cells
Solar energy is converted into chemical energy i.e. glucose with the help of photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in plant cells. In cellular respiration, plants use the chemical energy that is stored during the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a process in which plants convert energy from the sun into usable energy that is used by the cells in different activities. Plants use the light energy of the sun, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose and oxygen. The glucose is stored in different parts of the plant while on the other hand, the oxygen is released in the atmosphere.
So we can conclude that with the help of the photosynthesis process, Solar energy is converted into chemical energy.
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Beryllium, the first element in group 2, has an atomic number of 4. The second element in this group has an atomic number of?.
Beryllium exists in Group 2 (Column 2) with the atomic number 4.
The atomic number of the next element in the group would be right below it, Magnesium (Mg). Magnesium contains the atomic number 12.
What is meant by atomic number?The charge number of an atomic nucleus is the chemical element's atomic number, also known as nuclear charge number. This is the number of protons present in the nucleus of each atom of that element, or the proton number, for conventional nuclei. Ordinary chemical elements can be uniquely identified by their atomic number.
The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, and isotopes have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.
Beryllium exists in Group 2 (Column 2) with the atomic number 4.
The atomic number of the next element in the group would be right below it, Magnesium (Mg). Magnesium contains the atomic number 12.
The atomic number is the small number on the top left corner of the square of the element.
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If 1. 00 kg of zn reacted with excess sulfur, how much energy would be released?.
The energy that is going to release in Zn-sulfur reaction is 3168.92 kJ.
The chemical equation of the given Zn-sulfur reaction is :
Zn + S →Zn + 205.98 kJ
The molar mass of the zinc is 65 g.
1 mole is equivalent to 65 g of zinc which means the amount of energy released by 1.00 kg zinc is :
1 kg = 1000 g
Now,
205.98/65 g × 1000g
= 3168.92 kJ
The total energy released is 3168.92 kJ.
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Calcium chloride can be used to
melt ice during winter. A 750 mL
sample of melted snow was
collected and the calcium chloride
analyzed. The sample contained
1.54 g of calcium chloride.
Calculate the percent by mass
concentration of calcium chloride
The percent by mass concentration of calcium chloride is 0.20%
What is mass concentration?
Mass concentration, which is a quantity to measure this same concentration of a solute in the solution, is similar to molar concentration, molality, and mass fraction. It reveals how much of a solute there is in a certain volume of solution. Let's use coffee as an example to try to understand it. By combining coffee, sugar, and hot water, a straightforward instant coffee can be made. 10 g of coffee and 5 g of sugar are required to make a typical cup (250 mL) of coffee. Depending on individual preferences, the sum may change. We will need twice as much of the ingredients—20 g of caffeine and 10 g of sugar—to make two cups (500 mL).
When the mass of a solute as well as the mass of a solution are given, the mass percent is employed to express this same concentration of a solution:
Mass Percent=Mass of Solute/Mass of Solution×100%
% by mass = mass of substance/ mass of solution * 100 %
= 1.54/750*100 % = 0.20%
The percent by mass concentration of calcium chloride is 0.20%
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how many moles are in a 60gram sample of NaCI
Answer:
[tex]1.03\text{ moles}[/tex]Explantion
Here, we want to get the number of moles in 60 g sample of NaCl
Mathematically, to get this, we have to divide the mass given by the molar mass of NaCl
Thenmolar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol
Thus, we have the number of moles as:
[tex]\frac{60}{58.44}\text{ = 1.03 mole}[/tex]Choose the isotope in each pair that can be used in radiometric dating. Then, explain how you made your selection. (Hint: you'll need a version of the periodic table of elements that includes each element's atomic weight.)
Potassium-41, Potassium-39
Chlorine-35, Chlorine-36
Iodine-129, Iodine-127
The two isotopes that can be used for the process of dating are Potassium-41, Potassium-39.
What is radiometric dating?The term radiometric dating has to do with the process by which the age of a rock can be discovered. We know that rocks that are around us have been around for very many years. As a matter of fact, there are some of the rocks that could be regarded as being as old as the earth could be in itself.
We have to note that one of things that could be regarded as important in the use of any isotope for dating is that isotope must have a long half life. The fact that the isotope has a long half life means that it is able to remain long enough for it to be used in the study of a substance.
We know that most of the rocks are composed of potassium as part of the components of the rock. In that case, if a dating technique would involve the potassium atom then it is likely to be a successful one as it were.
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naoh is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs water from the air. you can measure the amount of water it absorbs by taking its mass before and after removing the water in an oven (by the difference in mass before and after). would you use an analytical or top-loading balance for this?
It is better to use the analytical balance for smaller amounts of sodium hydroxide (up to a couple of grams).
The sensitivity of the analytical balance goes to a couple of tenths of a milligram, while the sensitivity of a top-loading balance goes to tens of milligrams at best. The amount of water absorbed by sodium hydroxide is significant, but not too great relative to the mass of the sample. With this in mind, it is far more recommendable to use the analytical balance over the top-loading balance in order to be able to register the change in mass at all.
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A particular compound has an enthalpy of vaporization of 28900 J/mol. At 278 K it has a vapor pressure of 103 mmHg. What is its vapor pressure at 309 K? (R = 8.31 J/(K· mol))a. 29.4mmhgb. 99.5mmhgc. 107mmhgd. 194mmhge. 361mmhg
Answer:
[tex]E\text{ : 361 mmHg}[/tex]Explanation:
Here, we want to get the vapour pressure of the compound at the given temperature
We can use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for this
Mathematically, we have this as:
[tex]\ln (\frac{P_1}{P_2})\text{ = -}\frac{\Delta H}{R}(\frac{1}{T_1}-\frac{1}{T_2})[/tex]So,let us identify the values:
P1 = 103 mmHg
P2 = ?
ΔH = 28,900
R = 8.31
T1 = 278 K
T2 = 309 K
We now proceed to substitute these values into the equation above as follows:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \ln (\frac{103}{P_2})\text{ = -}\frac{28900}{8.31}(\frac{1}{278}-\frac{1}{309}) \\ \\ \ln (\frac{103}{P_2})\text{ = -3477.74 (}\frac{31}{85902}) \\ \\ \ln (\frac{103}{P_2})\text{ = -1.255} \\ \\ e^{-1.255}\text{ = }\frac{103}{P_2} \\ P_2\text{ = 361 mmHg} \end{gathered}[/tex]suppose there is a gaseous mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. if the total pressure of the mixture is 490 mmhg , and the partial pressure of nitrogen is 210 mmhg , calculate the partial pressure of oxygen in the mixture using dalton's law.
The partial pressure of Oxygen in the mixture is 280 mmHg.
The Sum of the partial pressure of elements in a solution equals the total pressure of the mixture as stated by Dalton's Law.
Total pressure = Partial pressure of Nitrogen + Partial pressure of Oxygen
P' = P₁ + P₂
The partial pressure is the pressure that each gas would exert if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
The system responds to changes in pressure, temperature, and chemical composition, phases may be created, eliminated, or altered in composition.
∴ 490 = 210 + P ₂
P₂ = 280 mm of Hg
Hence, the partial pressure of oxygen gas is 280 mm Hg.
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[cu2 ] concentration in a copper-silver electrochemical cell is 0.1m at 25 oc. if the total cell potential is 0.422v, what is the [ag ] concentration?
How do the presence or absence of partial charges at the molecular scale help explain a liquid’s ability to dissolve salts?.
The presence of partial charges in a liquid enables the liquid to split the bonds of the salt when dissolved in it. On the other hand, in the absence of partial charges, the liquid won't be able to break bonds apart and dissolve salts in it.
How a liquid dissolves things?
In a liquid such as water the charges are arranged in a such a way that generates partial positive and negative sides on hydrogen and oxygen atoms giving rise to polarity.
So when a substance such as salt is dissolved in water, the partial positive charge attracts the negative side of the salt with a definite force while partial negative charge of liquid pulls the positive charges apart.
In general, the partial charges of the liquid pull apart the charges of the added substance which results in breaking their chemical bonds and dissolving them.
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a 1.80 m solution of nitrous acid is prepared. find the percent ionization. a second solution is prepared in the same manner except the solution also contains 0.71 m potassium nitrite. find the percent ionization. how much did the percent ionization decrease with the addition of the common nitrite ion?
The percent ionization in the nitrous acid solution is 1.97% before, and 0.0999% after the addition of sodium nitrate, which lowered the ionization 19.7 times.
To calculate percent ionization, we need to use the expression for the acidity constant of nitrous acid:
[tex]Ka = \frac{[H^{+} ][NO_{2} ^{-} ]}{[HNO_{2} ]}[/tex]
Ka - acidity constant (for nitrous acid, 7.1 * 10⁻⁴)
[H⁺] - concentration of H⁺ ions
[NO₂⁻] - concentration of nitrite ions
[HNO₂] - concentration of unionized nitrous acid
[H⁺] = [NO₂⁻]
[HNO₂] = 1.80 M - X
[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X^{2} }{1.80 - X}[/tex]
When we transform the equation above, we get a quadratic equation:
X² + 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X - 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ = 0
Once we solve for X, we get:
X = 0.0354 M
Because the concentration of H⁺ ions (X) is equal to the concentration of the ionized nitrous acid, the percent ionization will be:
%ion = 100% * X / 1.80 M
%ion = 100% * 0.0354 M / 1.80 M
%ion = 1.97%
The second calculation is actually easier because we can safely assume that, with added sodium nitrite, all nitrite ions come from the salt, and the amount coming from the acid is negligible. With that in mind, the expression for the acidity constant will look like this:
[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X * 0.71 }{1.80 M - X}[/tex]
When rearranged, we get this equation:
0.71 * X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M - 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X
0.71071 X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M
X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M / 0.71071
X = 0.001798 M
%ion = 100% * 0.001798 M / 1.80 M
%ion = 0.0999%
So the addition of sodium nitrite resulted in 1.97 / 0.0999 = 19.7 times lower ionization of the nitrous acid.
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how America can best accelerate its transition to renewable energy
500-1000 words essay
America can best accelerate its transition to renewable energy by :
The effort to eliminate carbon emissions on a net basis by 2050 will accelerate innovation and create the largest reallocation of capital.Rising geopolitical tensions have targeted the focus of industries on energy security, reliability and sustainability.Companies and governments are facing pressures to provide more oil and gas supply along with accelerating the energy transition.Renewable digital technologies are emerging with a game-changing take on artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation.Need to accelerate the transition of national net-zero energy ecosystems.Transformation on this scale will require a combination of vision, imagination for companies and investors to achieve their decarbonization ambitions.To know more about renewable energy, refer
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The seven diatomic elements (exist as two atoms bonded together in nature) are hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Fluorine (F2), Chlorine (C2), Iodine (I2) and Bromine (B2). Based on the position of the seven elements that are diatomic when pure in nature and the trends of the periodic table, which of the following characteristics would not describe them?
a) Smaller Atomic Radius
b) High Metallic Character
c) High Ionization Energy
d) High Electron Affinity
Answer:
Smaller Atomic Radius, High Ionization Affinity, and High Electron Affinity
[Note: It is Br2, not B2, the bomber]
Explanation:
a) Smaller Atomic Radius YES Each of these elements have a high number of electrons that nearly fill the lower energy orbitals, forcing the protons in the nucleus to cluster togeter more tightly.
b) High Metallic Character NO
c) High Ionization Energy YES - They want to keep their electrons, so the ionization energy is high.
d) High Electron Affinity YES They attract electons from anything that comes nearby.
the law of says, “Energy is neithet created nor destroyed,only transferred or transformed
Answer:
this is Daltons atomic theory
Answer:
this means that energy cannot be created or destroyed
Explanation:
it is because energy can change into many different forms such as heat or nuclear during chemical reactions
The argon fluoride (arf) laser used in some refractive eye surgeries emits electromagnetic radiation of 193.3 nm wavelength. what is the frequency of the arf laser's radiation? what is the energy of a single quantum of the radiation?
The frequency of the radiation is 1.6 * 10^15 Hz while its energy is 1.056 * 10^-18 J
What is the frequency?Recall that the electromagnetic radiation is commonly called light. All the members of the electromagnetic spectrum are known to have the speed of light which is 3 * 10^8 m/s. The first task that we have is to obtain the frequency of the electromagnetic wave since we have the wavelength of the wave we seek.
Given that;
frequency = Speed of light/ wavelength
Frequency = 3 * 10^8 m/s/193.3 * 10^-9 m
Frequency = 1.6 * 10^15 Hz
Next we need to obtain the energy of the radiation and we have to do that from;
E = hf
E = energy of the photon
h = Planks constant
f = frequency of the photon
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 1.6 * 10^15 Hz
E = 1.056 * 10^-18 J
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please help ASAP thank you!
Answer:
it's C
Explanation:
the mitochondria makes energy for the cell so without it there's no energy for the cell
1. a. What is work? Write its SI unit and the factors affecting work
