an investor who is in the 35% federal tax bracket and the 5% state bracket buys a 6.5% yield corporate bond. what is his after-tax yield? (assume that federal taxes are not deductible against state taxes and vice versa). 3.9% 4.75% 6.5% 9.9%

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Answer 1

Municipal bonds are preferred by investors over corporate bonds when they offer yields above 4.75%. 

The tax-exempt equivalent of a municipal bond is calculated by multiplying the bond yield by one, less the taxpayer's state and tax amount of 6.50% × (1 - 35%).

Municipal Bond Equivalent Yield of 4.75%.

Municipal bonds should offer a higher yield than the 4.75% equivalent yield, as investors prefer them over corporate bonds. 

In short, such municipal bonds fund specific projects or operations by local governments, counties, or regions, as opposed to bonds issued by the Treasury, which are backed by full faith in the national currency.

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Related Questions

If a higher level of production allows workers to specialize in particular tasks, a firm will likely exhibit ________ of scale and ________ average total cost.

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If a higher level of production allows workers to specialize in particular tasks, a firm will likely exhibit economies of scale and falling average total cost

What Are Economies of Scale?Economies of scale are financial benefits businesses enjoy as production becomes more productive because costs may be divided over a larger number of products.The ability of a company to benefit from economies of scale depends on its size; bigger businesses will produce more goods and save more money.Scale economies might be internal or external. External causes have an impact on the entire sector Internal economies are driven by conditions within a particular firm.Several factors contribute to economies of scale resulting in cheaper per-unit costs. First, increased worker specialization and technological integration increase production rates. Second, cheaper per-unit expenses may result from supplier bulk orders, larger advertising purchases, or lower capital costs. Third, spreading internal function costs over a greater number of manufactured and sold units aids in cost reduction.

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an interest rate stated as nominal 12% per year compounded quarterly is the same as: a) effective 1% per month. b) nominal 1% per month. c) 3% per quarter. d) 12.68% per year.

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Option (d) is the best choice. A nominal interest rate of 12% per year compounded quarterly is 12.68% per year.

Nominal Interest Rate: What Is It?

Nominal interest rates are those that are calculated without taking inflation into consideration. The interest rate that is advertised or stated for a loan but does not include any fees or interest compounding is often referred to as the "nominal" interest rate.

In the banking industry and in the world of investments, the nominal interest rate is frequently used to define interest on various loans. For instance, if a loan's nominal interest rate is 5%, you can anticipate paying $50 in interest for every $1,000 borrowed. You'll have to pay $1,050 at the end of the year.

The nominal rate of interest= 12% (It is compounded Quarterly)

Take original value= x

Interest per Quarter= ([tex]\frac{0.12}{4}[/tex]) x

value after a quarter= ( 1 + [tex]\frac{0.12}{4}[/tex] ) x

now,

We have 4 quarters

Hence, the value after a year= [tex](1 + 0.03)^{4}[/tex] x = 1.1255

Effective rate of return= [tex]\frac{x( 1.1255x - x)}{x}[/tex] X 100

= 12.6 %

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Straight-line and declining balance methods allocate the cost of a long-term asset based on , while an activity-based method allocates the cost of an asset based on its.

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A straight line and declining balance methods allocate the cost of a long term asset based on time while an activity based method allocated the cost of an asset based on its use.

What is balance methods accounting?

In accounting, a balance method refers to the accelerated depreciation system of recording larger depreciation expenses during the earlier years of an asset's useful life while recording smaller depreciation during its later years.

Under this method, the straight line basis entails the process of expensing an asset over a longer period of time than when it was purchased while the declining balance method allocates a greater amount of depreciation in the earlier years of an asset's life than in the later years.

However, the activity-based method is known as unit of production depreciation which calculates depreciation based on the unit of production and ignores the passage of time over the useful life of an asset.

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Which system is quick, impulsive, and intuitive, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next?.

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Reactive systems are prompt, impulsive, and intuitive; they rely on feelings or routines to give them indications about what to do next.

In contrast to the reactive system, which is rapid, impulsive, and intuitive and relies on emotions or habits to give indications as to what to do next, the reflective system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and meticulous. According to neuropsychological research, the brain can only use one feelings information-processing system at a time [Darlow & Sloman] and that the two systems are controlled by various regions of the brain.

From an evolutionary standpoint, the basal ganglia and amygdala (more primitive portions of the brain) are more involved in the reactive system, Reactive systems whereas the prefrontal cortex is more involved in the feelings reflective system.

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How does the habit of creating a budget—and sticking to it—reflect financial maturity and responsibility?.

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The habit of creating a budget and sticking to it reflects financial maturity and responsibility as a person learns to keep his expenses in control.

The habit of creating a budget shows maturity and responsibility as a person learns to keep his expenses under check by creating a budget.

A budget abstains a person from buying unnecessary things and acting responsibly toward your expenses.

Creating a budget makes you responsible by realizing where to spend your money.

The financial life of a person is traced through the budget and by stocking to your budget you can save for your future and be responsible towards your future.

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when auditors encounter evidence of small-scale employee fraud that could not have a material effect upon the financial statements the auditors should

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consider the implications for other aspects of the audit.

What are the responsibilities of an auditor ?

An auditor is a designated individual who examines and confirms the correctness of financial documents and makes sure that businesses adhere to tax regulations. Their main goal is to safeguard companies against fraud and draw attention to any inconsistencies in accounting practices, among other things.

In general, being an auditor is not a simple job. The auditor has accepted obligations to multiple parties and the responsibilities that come with being a recognized professional.

The trustworthiness of the financial statements and the information they contain essentially depends on the auditor's view. Compared to unaudited financial accounts, audited financial statements have a very high level of correctness and dependability.

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nadia is going to receive $1,000 from her grandparents next year. according to the time value of money, the gift of $1,000 is worth a gift of $1,000 if she received it today. less than more than the same as twice as much as

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The worth of $1,000 gift that Nadia is going to receive next year will be less than current value because as per time value of money current money has more worth than same money in future.

The idea of the time value of money (TVM) states that a monetary amount is valuable more now than it would be at a later point in time owing to its potential for earnings in the meantime. A fundamental idea in finance is the time value of money. Amount of money in your possession is considerably more valuable than a similar sum that will be delivered in the future. The discounted present value is another name for the time value of money.

Therefore, the value of gift will be less than $1000, if she is going to receive the same gift worth $1,000, in future due to the concept of time value of money.

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Nadia is going to receive $1,000 from her grandparents next year. according to the time value of money, the gift of $1,000 is worth a gift of $1,000 if she received it today

twice as much asless thanmore thanthe same as

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when a sales department uses a strategy of involving several people from the organization, each applying his/her own expertise, in a selling effort, it is using the strategy known as

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In general, your go-to-market positioning, sales actions, methodology, and channels should all be in line with your target market, ideal customer profile, and buyer personas.It should pinpoint customers' problems and show how the product or service will address them.

Why is a sales strategy important?Script-based selling, needs-satisfaction selling, consultative selling, and strategic partner selling are the four fundamental sales tactics that salespeople employ.Different approaches can be employed in various kinds of interactions. A sales strategy is a written plan for positioning and marketing your product or service to potential customers in a way that sets it apart from your rivals' offerings.Your sales organization should receive clear objectives and direction from your sales tactics.Here are a few examples of goals for a sales strategy:Shorten the interval between receiving an inbound lead notification and beginning the first sales touchpoint.Improve the appointment-setting procedure to make it simpler for a lead to establish a phone reservation. Script-based selling, needs-satisfaction selling, consultative selling, and strategic partner selling are the four fundamental sales tactics that salespeople employ.Different approaches can be employed in various kinds of interactions. A key component of business expansion is having a strong sales strategy.You can plan for the future, evaluate issues, and manage various ways across the organization when your strategy is well stated.The most effective sales strategy should contain a goal and a plan that can be updated over time.

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which member of the production team is responsible for running the show at each performance and, during the rehearsal period, for compiling the promptbook?

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The stage manager is a member of the production crew who is in charge of running the play at each performance and preparing the promptbook throughout the rehearsal session.

What are stage managers responsible for?

The majority of stage managers work on theater shows, musical concerts, and dance events. Throughout the production and rehearsal process, they give invaluable practical and organizational support to directors, actors, designers, and technical staff, and they monitor onstage and backstage activities during performances to ensure the play runs well.

The following are the duties of a stage manager.

Rehearsal scheduling and managementCommunicating the director's desires to designers and artisans.Coordination of the stage crew's job.Cues for performers to enter and maybe exit during a performance.Each time the play is produced, I am in charge of overseeing the whole production.

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quincy's framing and art supplies frames artwork. the cost formula for the company's supplies cost is $1,880 per month plus $8 per frame. for the month of march, the company planned for activity of 628 frames, but the actual level of activity was 632 frames. the actual supplies cost for the month was $7,350. the activity variance for supplies cost in march would be closest to:

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The Activity Variance for the cost of supplies is $80. Unfavorable Cost of Supplies Activity Variance = $80 Unfavorable

Budgeted Cost

=[(616 Frames x $10)+ $1,760]

=$7,920

Flexible Cost

=  [(624 Frames x $10)+ $1,760]

=$8,000

The Activity Variance for supplies cost

=Budgeted Cost - Flexible Cost

=$7,920 - $8,000

= $80 Unfavorable

An examination of the discrepancy between anticipated and actual Activity Variance numbers is the essence of variance analysis. The Unfavorable total of all deviations provides an overview of the overall over- or under-performance for a given reporting period. Companies evaluate each item's favorability by contrasting real costs with average industry expenses.

The discrepancy between standards and actual performance metrics is what we refer to as a "variance." Variances are calculated for the cost Activity Variance and quantity of the materials, the labor cost, and the Unfavorable variable overhead, and they are then communicated to management. Not every difference, though, is significant.

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melvin charges a fee of $1,080 for merchandise purchased by a customer. assuming that the amount includes 8% of sales tax, melvin should credit sales tax payable for:

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Melvin should credit $80 in sales tax payable (reference: $1,080 - (1,080/1.08)).

Tax are mandatory financial charges or some other type of levy imposed upon a taxpayer by a governmental organization in order to fund various public expenditures. Failure to pay, as well as evasion or resistance to taxation, is illegal and punishable by law.

Taxes can be direct or indirect, and they can be paid in cash or in sales tax. The purpose of taxation is to finance public goods and services such as roads, schools, and national defense.

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Erin works at a financial institution. She has offered a housing loan to a customer. While carrying out the transaction, which legal responsibility should she address?

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While carrying out the transaction, the legal responsibility which Erin should address is: D. ensure that she credits the loan amount accurately to the customer's account.

What is a loan?

A loan simply refers to an amount of money that is being borrowed by a borrower (customer) from a bank or other financial institutions (lender), and it is legally expected to be paid back by a borrower to the lender at a specific period of time with an agreed interest.

In this scenario, Erin being an accounting official (employee) of this financial institution is saddled with the legal responsibility of ensuring that she accurately credits the amount of money borrowed (loan) to the account of this borrower (customer).

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Complete Question:

Erin works at a financial Institution. She has offered a housing loan to a customer. While carrying out the transaction, which legal responsibility should she address?

A. arrange an informal meeting with the customer

B. organize a success party for the department

C. disclose all confidential Information about the organization to the customer

D. ensure that she credits the loan amount accurately to the customer's account

E show the customer a list of people who defaulted on similar loans

shuaifu wants to reorganize his beverage bottling company. currently, there are hr, r&d, and purchasing units at each facility. shuaifu feels that by bringing all of those key functions together in one location and deploying them to the facilities only when needed, he will save money and also create consistency. is shuaifu correct?

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Yes, because the company will need fewer employees overall, saving money and allowing for consistency in processes.

The manufacturing process would be streamlined and decisions would be taken in an efficient manner.

The money spent to maintain extra facilities and coordinate the supply of raw materials would be minimized and subsequently, employee downsizing could be achieved. All this would lower the cost of daily and long-term operations.

The stronger a company's lifestyle, the better employees recognize what's expected of them and what they are working in the direction of. Engaged personnel is more likely to stay happy, influenced, and committed to your company. Usual, an engaged worker is greater: connected in your business enterprise's undertaking.

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how does the marketing of services globally compare to the marketing of consumer goods? multiple choice question. the marketing of services is generally less complex than the marketing of consumer goods. the marketing of consumer goods is less important than the marketing of services. the marketing of services is generally more complex than the marketing of consumer goods. the marketing of services is less important than the marketing of consumer goods.

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The marketing of services globally compares to the marketing of consumer goods in the way that the marketing of services is generally less complex than the marketing of consumer goods.

Services are the facilities that you provide whereas goods are the products that you make.

In general, marketing of services is less complex as people can easily look through the facilities you provide and decide whether they are interested.

However, the marketing of goods is more complex due to the increased competition in the market and people need to be introduced about the quality and facilities that your product can provide.

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customer service is a key attribute of sharon's shoe shop. sharon expects all of her employees to provide excellent service, and her performance appraisals go over this area in detail. which criterion for effective performance is sharon using?

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Customer service is a key attribute of Sharon's shoe shop.  The criterion for effective performance is Sharon using Fit with strategy.

Customer service is the support and advice that a company provides to people who purchase or use its products and services. Different industries require different levels of customer service, but ultimately, the idea of ​​well-delivered service is to increase revenue. formed in the ages. This gave rise to the customer service he is known for today. It is very interesting to look back in history and see how this industry has evolved.

Inform you and your employees about the products you sell. Respond to customer questions and respond quickly (even if it's negative feedback). Do whatever it takes to make your customers happy and feel special.

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An automobile salesperson uses ________ when it accesses a mobile system to obtain the latest information on consumer demand for electric vehicles.

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It is anticipated that the widespread use of electric propulsion technology will radically alter the automobile industry, enabling environmentally friendly transportation and opening up new commercial prospects for firms. Electric current from electric vehicle batteries, which are both used and stored, is what electric cars (EVs) use (EVBs). Unfortunately, the performance of lithium-ion chemistry-based EVBs degrades over time and with use as a result of calendar aging and cycle aging (Ebner et al. 2013).

After 6 to 8 years of operation, or at least 100,000 miles or 160,000 km of travel, automotive manufacturers anticipate that an EVB will reach the end of its first life (e.g., BMW AG 2016; Nissan North America Inc. 2016). The original driving range, acceleration, and charging speed of the EV are then restored when an EVB is replaced.

Since most removed EVBs still have between 70% and 80% of their useable capacity left, repurposing and using them in new second life applications may prove to be a practical way to increase revenue (Neubauer et al. 2015; Ahmadi et al. 2017). According to Elkind (2014), these income can help offset the high upfront expenses of EVs, up to 25% of which are now covered by the EVB (Nykvist and Nilsson 2015).

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nancy works for northrop grumman corporation. she is assigned to a group of employees who work on solving quality issues the company is facing. nancy participates in a(n)

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Based on the fact that Nancy is assigned to a group of employees who have to solve the quality issues being faced by the company, Nancy is participating in a Quality circle.

What is a Quality circle?

A Quality circle in a company refers to a department that is formed to solve any issues that the company has with the quality of the goods or service that it is providing to its customers. The people in this department are often drawn from different department so as to create a diverse pool that can come up with different solutions to whatever quality issues the company is facing.

Some of the solutions that a Quality circle might come up with include sourcing better materials or giving employees better training. Nancy is in a team that is in charge of solving any quality problems the Northrop Grumman Corporation has so she must be in a Quality circle.

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be healthy, a vitamin manufacturer, has divided its huge consumer base into smaller groups based on age: children, adults, and the elderly. this is an example of multiple choice distribution management. product development. market segmentation. market targeting. product positioning.

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Dividing the huge consumer base is an example of market segmentation.

The term market segmentation refers to dividing the whole market into subsets or parts based on a particular criteria related to making profit in the business in a more easier way.

Here, by market it refers to the consumer base which is divided by age or interests or priorities to make manufacturing according to needs of the same.

Market segmentation is done in different ways like demographic, psychologic, behavioral and geographic.

In the given example, the vitamin manufacture segments it s huge consumer base into smaller groups based on age into children, adults and the elderly. This is market segmentation. Manufacturers can be more efficient by doing so.

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xavier wants to know how much his company owns and how much it owes. he should look at the a. asset list. b. income statement. c. balance sheet. d. statement of cash flows.

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He should look at the balance sheet.

The balance sheet of a business, also referred to as a "statement of financial position," lists the company's assets, liabilities, and equity (net worth).

Why is a balance sheet important?In addition to listing the company's assets and liabilities, a balance sheet serves the purpose of providing interested parties with information about the company's financial position. All investors should be able to use, interpret, and read a balance sheet. A balance sheet might provide information or justification for buying a stock.The balance sheet of a business, also referred to as a "statement of financial position," lists the company's assets, liabilities, and equity (net worth). The income statement, cash flow statement, and balance sheet together form the foundation of any company's financial statements.

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which of the following would most likely have caused the production possibilities frontier to shift outward from a to b? group of answer choices a decrease in unemployment a technological advance in the consumer goods industries a general technological advance an increase in the availability of capital-producing resources

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General technological advance is most likely to cause the production possibilities frontier to shift outward from a to b.

Technology has always been vital for organisations, but in recent years, that importance has increased significantly. By definition, technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge, and it is obvious that in order for businesses to remain competitive, they must adopt new technologies. The importance of new technology for organisations can be attributed to a number of factors. First, firms can improve their production and efficiency by utilising modern technologies. This is so that workers may concentrate on other duties because new technologies sometimes automate operations that were previously performed manually. Additionally, by lowering their dependency on costly manual labour, new technology can assist firms in saving money. Finally, firms can frequently access new markets and clients thanks to new technologies.

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Liz owns a small technology firm where she has sole control and has personal liability for any business debts that arise. This is an example of which form of legal​ organization?.

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The given situation is an example of a sole proprietor.

Who is the Sole proprietor?

A person who runs an unincorporated business alone is known as a sole proprietor.

If you choose to treat a domestic limited liability company (LLC) as a corporation, however, and you are the only member, you are not considered to be a sole owner.

All obligations incurred by the company, however, are individually accountable to the business owner.

Small companies like neighborhood grocery stores, neighborhood clothing stores, an artist, freelance writers, IT consultants, freelance graphic designers, etc. are examples of sole proprietors.

An LLC exists independently of its members, who are its proprietors. Members are not personally liable for the obligations and liabilities of the company, nevertheless.

The LLC is in charge here.

A sole proprietorship is a privately owned, unincorporated business that is

Therefore, the given situation is an example of a sole proprietor.

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the existing spot rate of the canadian dollar is $.82. the premium on a canadian dollar call option is $.04. the exercise price is $.81. the option will be exercised on the expiration date if at all. if the spot rate on the expiration date is $.87, the profit as a percent of the initial investment (the premium paid) is: group of answer choices

Answers

The net profit per unit is 50%.

       

The net profit per unit is: $.87 - $.81 - $.04 = $.02. The net profit per unit as a percent of the initial investment per unit is: $.02/$.04 = 50%.

    A financial ratio called net profit margin, sometimes referred to as profit margin or net profit margin ratio, is used to determine the percentage of profit an organization generates from its total sales. It gauges how much net profit a business makes for every dollar of revenue generated. The ratio of net profit, also known as net income, to total sales, stated as a percentage, is known as the net profit margin.

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the amount paid for some benefits based on a recipient's ability to pay rather than on fixed fees is known as general revenue. true false 1 points question 7 social workers must pay special attention to social welfare policies because some policies are unfair and therefore must advocate for them to be changed. true false

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False. General revenue is the income that a government receives from all sources, including taxes, fees, and investments.

What is revenue?
Revenue
is the money earned from normal business activities and is calculated by multiplying the average sales price by the amount of units sold. Net income is calculated by subtracting costs from the power play (or gross income). Revenue is cash brought into a business by its operations. Depending on the accounting rules used, there are various methods for calculating revenue. Accrual accounting will treat credit sales as revenue for goods or services provided to the client. Revenue is recognised although if payment has not yet been did receive under certain rules.

To determine how efficiently the company collects money owed, examine the cash flow statement.

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b. what are some potential consequences of such a price ceiling? a decline in housing availability a decline in housing quality the development of a black market in housing housing discrimination

Answers

Call for is the amount of a good that purchasers are inclined and capable of buy at numerous fees in the course of a given time.

The required details for Demand in given paragraph

a. At fee of $1,2 hundred in step with unit, Quantity Demanded is 17,000 whilst Quantity furnished is 9,000units.

Since Quantity Demanded is extra than Quantity furnished

There is Shortage of 8000 devices within side the marketplace.

b. All of the above alternatives are accurate as fee ceiling will increase the black marketplace for housing. This is due to the fact call for is much less than deliver and there may be scarcity of houses. As a end result dealer or residence proprietor will begin disturbing excessive fees from the client which in the end create a black marketplace. This additionally degrade the residence fine and there might be discrimination among the shoppers as client with maximum willingness to shop for gets the residence. The courting among fee and amount call for is likewise referred to as the call for curve.

Demand for a particular object is a characteristic of an object's perceived necessity, fee, perceived fine, convenience, to be had alternatives, purchasers' disposable earnings and tastes, and lots of different alternatives.

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marcie is enrolled in a principles of microeconomics class but mistakenly buys a macroeconomics book from ebay and cannot return it. she paid $80 for the book. marcie's friend tells marcie to read the macroeconomics book or otherwise she will have lost her $80. explain whether you agree or disagree with marcie's friend.

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Marcie's friend and I disagree. It's a sunk cost because I already paid $80 for the book. Reading macroeconomics now will not benefit me because I am supposed to be reading microeconomics now.

What is macroeconomics?

Macroeconomics is the study of how an entire economy—markets, businesses, consumers, and governments—behaves. Macroeconomics studies economic phenomena such as inflation, price levels, economic growth rate, national income, GDP, and changes in unemployment.
Macroeconomics addresses several key questions, including: What causes unemployment? What factors contribute to inflation? What causes or promotes economic growth? Macroeconomics seeks to quantify an economy's performance, understand what forces drive it, and forecast how performance can improve.

As a result, I disagree with Marcie's friend that sunk costs should never be considered when making a financial decision.

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true or false: if market testing returns with positive results, the firm is then ready to introduce the product to the entire market, which is called a product launch.

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The answer is true. There are several techniques to assess your product's potential. Consignment testing, paid surveys, market research smartphone apps, and independent market researchers, for instance, are all affordable alternatives to test-market your product.

Before releasing a new product, it pays to collect user input. After the product and its marketing plan are finalized, the following phase entails determining how marketable the suggested product is. The examination and techniques of the new product's projected sales, costs, and profits are part of this step in the new product development process. the procedure used to launch a new product onto the market for initial sales.

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which of the following statements are correct? multiple select question. when the workforce is basically fixed in the short term, managers must be cautious about how labor efficiency variances are used. companies should build inventory even if there is no immediate prospect of sale. excessive inventory contributes to inefficient operations. excessive inventory leads to low defect rates.

Answers

Building inventories can reduce unfavorable labor efficiency variances.Excessive inventories contribute to inefficient operations.

The labor efficiency variance measures the ability to utilize labor as expected. This variance is useful for highlighting areas in the production process that use more man-hours than anticipated. This variance is calculated as the difference between the actual labor hours used to produce a good and the standard amount that should be used, multiplied by the standard labor rate. If the variance results are unfavorable, there will likely be a review by the industrial engineer to see if the underlying process can be improved to reduce the number of hours of production required, using means such as:

Simplified product design to reduce assembly timeDecrease in the amount of scrap produced by the processIncrease the amount of automationChange workflow

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this final act in closing out a project helps future projects, may be required by government regulations, ensures warranties are valid, may be required by the customer, and may be required for certification. what process does this describe?

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Project closure is the last step in finalizing a project. It deals with unsolved issues and archives the data of the project for future reference.

It is an important step in finalizing the project as the project information is archived, plans are completed, and allows the team members move forward with other plans. The first step is to review the progress, complete the deal and make a report of customer satisfaction.

The second step includes the lessons learned from the project. It includes a review of the timeline, project budget, and other aspects included in the completion of the project.

The third step is the sense of accomplishment among the team members involved in the completion of the project. The final step is to archive the details and information of the project for future reference. It notifies the team and upper authority about the completion of the project.

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christmas for needy is a civic organization that provides christmas presents to disadvantaged children. the annual costs of this activity are $36,000, plus $20 per present. how many children will receive presents with a budget of $76,000?

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2,000 children will receive presents with a budget of $76,000 when the annual costs of this activity are $36,000, plus $20 per present.

annual costs = $36,000, plus $20 per present

let the number of presents be y

Total budget = $76,000

$76,000 = $36,000 +  $20y

$76,000 -  $36,000 = $20y

$20,000 = $20y

y= $20,000/ $20

y= 2,000

number of presents= number of children

number of children = 2,000

2,000 children will receive presents.

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an error in the physical count of goods on hand at the end of a period resulted in an $7600 overstatement of the ending inventory. the affect of this error in the current period is

Answers

Cost of goods sold (COGS). The carrying value of goods sold during a specific period is referred to as the cost of goods sold.

What is cost of goods sold ?

Costs are assigned to specific items using one of several formulas, such as specific identification, first-in-first-out (FIFO), or average cost. Costs include all purchase, conversion, and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their current location and condition.

Material, labour, and allocated overhead are all included in the costs of goods manufactured by businesses. The costs of goods that have not yet been sold are deferred as inventory costs until the inventory is sold or written down in value.

Many businesses sell goods that they have purchased or manufactured. When goods are purchased or manufactured, the costs associated with those goods are capitalised as part of the inventory (or stock) of goods. These expenses are deducted when the company recognises income from the sale of goods.

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