Calculate the shortest wavelength of light capable of dissociating the Cl–Cl bond in one molecule of chlorine if the bond energy, or bond dissociation energy, is 243 kJ/mol .

The bulk properties of a substance (macroscopic) such as electrical conductivity can be caused by the microscopic such as electrical forces in the atoms through the movement of free electrons.

This is referred to as the measure or the degree in which a substance conducts electricity and how the electric current moves within a substance.

The electrical conductivity which is macroscopic can be caused by the microscopic such as electrical forces as a result of the electrons moving in the body. The movement of the electron is usually from the negative to the positive terminal of the body.

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The equation that is the net description of the ions involved is;[tex]CO_{3} ^{2-} (aq) + 2H^{+} (aq)----- > H_{2} O(l) + CO_{2} (g)[/tex]

The term net ionic equation has to do with the final ionic equation which does not include the spectator ions. What I mean by the spectator ions are those ions that do not undergo a change in a chemical reaction. The first step when we want to write the net ionic equation is first to write down the molecular equation and balance the equation accordingly.

We shall now show the balanced overall reaction equation of the process

Thus, the balanced molecular equation of this reaction is; [tex]Na_{2} CO_{3} (aq) +2 HCl(aq) ----- > NaCl(aq) +H_{2} O(l) + CO_{2} (g)[/tex]

The net ionic equation is;

[tex]CO_{3} ^{2-} (aq) + 2H^{+} (aq)----- > H_{2} O(l) + CO_{2} (g)[/tex]

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Answer:

Explanation:

Answer to the 1st one. I have my doubts for the second one so didn't post :)

Let's analyze each option to find what best fit as an answer:

A - the function of a catalyst is to lower the energy of activation in a reaction, causing it to occur in a faster way. Since this question is not much about energy or kinetics, this would be the best fit, adding a catalyst or not adding it would not be too influential in the shift of the reaction.

B - Increasing the pressure in a reaction containing gases will mostly favor the side with a lower value of moles, smaller amount of moles = less pressure, so if we add more pressure, the reaction will shift towards the side of the products

C - If we treat heat as a reactant, if we add more temperature, it will shift towards the products, to counteract this increase of temperature

D - Adding reactants will favor the reaction to shift towards the products

Therefore the answer is letter A

Step 1

Molarity is defined as:

Molarity (M or mol/L) = Moles of lead (II) oxide/Volume of solution (L)

Molarity = mass of lead (II) oxide/molar mass of lead (II) oxide x volume (L) (1)

-------------------------

Step 2

The molar mass of PbO = 223 g/mol

PbO = lead (ll) oxide

------------------------

Step 3

Data provided:

Molarity = 0.75 M

Mass of PbO = 75 g

------------------------

Step 4

Procedure:

The volume of the solution is cleared from (1):

Volume (L) = mass PbO/(molar mass PbO x Molarity)

Volume (L) = 75 g/(223 g/mol x 0.75 mol/L) = 0.45 L approx.

Answer: Volume = 0.45 L

Density relates the mass of a compound to its volume. We will first find the mass of the solution using the density and volume given. We have the following equation:

We clear the mass,

So, the mass of paint is 13950 g. Now the mass percentage of the lead in the paint will be calculated as follows:

The mass percentage of lead in the paint is 0.24%.

ppm concentration means the quantity of solute in milligrams (mg) is in a liter (L) of a solution. So, to calculate ppm concentration we will divide the milligrams of lead (II) nitride between the liters of paint:

The ppm of lead in the paint is 11033ppm.

The chemical formula of calcium (II) oxide is CaO, wherein the valency of both oxygen and calcium is two.

Chemical  formula is a way of representing the number of atoms present in a compound or molecule.It is written with the help of symbols  of elements. It also makes use of brackets and subscripts.

Subscripts are used to denote number of atoms of each element and brackets indicate presence of group of atoms. Chemical formula does not contain words. Chemical formula in the simplest form  is called empirical formula.

It is not the same as structural formula and does not have any information regarding structure.It does not provide any information regarding structure of molecule as obtained in structural formula.

There are four types of chemical formula:

1)empirical formula

2) structural formula

3)condensed formula

4)molecular formula

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Promethium is the 61st element that you can find in the periodic table and the number 147 indicates the atomic mass.

Remember that the atomic number (in this case, 61) represents the number of protons, so there are 61 protons in Pm-147.

And to find the number of neutrons, we have to subtract the atomic number (61) from the atomic mass (147):

So, the final answer is that we have 61 protons and 86 neutrons of Pm-147.

KOH. Option B is correct

A chemical compound are made up of more than one element combined together. According to the question, we need to determine the formula that represents a compound.

The compound there is KOH since it contains three elements (Potassium, Oxygen and Hydrogen)

Answer

The element that is oxidized is Si and the one that is reduced is F₂.

Explanation

Si + 2F₂ → SiF₄

The given reaction is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction:

Oxidation: Si → Si⁴⁺ + 4e⁻

Reduction: 2F₂ + 4e⁻ → 4F⁻

Si is a reducing agent, and F₂ is an oxidizing agent.

An oxidizing agent gains electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction.

A reducing agent loses electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction.

Therefore, the element that is oxidized is Si and the one that is reduced is F₂.

2.0724moles

Given the balanced chemical reaction between Na2CO3 and CaCl2 expressed as:

Given the following parameters

Mass of CaCl₂ = 115g

Determine the moles of CaCl₂

According to stochiometry, 1 mole of CaCl2 prodcues 2 moles of NaCl. The moles of NaCl requred is given as:

Therefore moles of NaCl made is 2.0724moles

The likely to be TRUE about a hair sample that is four centimeters long and lacks a root or follicular tissue is there will be mitochondrial DNA present (Option A).

Mitochondrial DNA is a type of genetic material that is independent of nuclear DNA and is contained in an organelle known as mitochondrion. These organelles (mitochondria) are the energy factors of the cell because they generate ATP through the process of cellular respiration.

Generally, the cells that contain cell nuclei also contain different organelles such as mitochondria, and this observation also includes the hair cell follicles that are differentiated specialized types of cells present in the hair.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that mitochondrial DNA  is different from nuclear DNA and it is found in tissues that are subject to differentiation such as follicular tissues which need energy to differentiate.

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According to the given statement one mole of potassium has a mass of 39.1 g.

Each element's atomic weight is listed in a periodic table along with how many grams (or an Avogadro number) are needed to make one mole of atoms. Since potassium has an atomic weight of 39.0983 g/mole, a mole of potassium weighs 39.1 g.

Avogadro's number, which is equal to 6.02214076 * 10²³, is the quantity of units in one mole of any material (defined as its molecular weight in grams). Depending on the substance and the nature of the reaction, the units could be electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get an empirical formula

We start by dividing each of the masses by the corresponding atomic masses

The atomic mass of carbon is 12 amu

The atomic mass of hydrogen is 1 amu

We start the division as follows:

Now, we divide the results by the smaller of the two:

Thus, we have the empirical formula as:

The true statement about  is expert witnesses that they are required to link all evidence to the crime.

So, option C is correct.

An expert witness is described particularly in common law countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States, is a person whose opinion by virtue of education, training, certification, skills or experience, is accepted by the judge as an expert.

Expert witnesses are required or expected to to link all evidence to the crime.

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Answer

c. Fe2(SO4)3

Explanation

The polyatomic ion (SO₄)⁻² has a net charge of -2 and iron (III) ion, Fe⁺³ has an oxidation number of +3. For a compound to be formed between them, two of Fe⁺³ will need three of the polyatomic ion, (SO₄)⁻² and the formula of the compound will be Fe2(SO4)3.

If the photon has a frequency of   3.16 × 10 ⁷ Hz, then the energy of the the photon as per Planck's law would be 1.978× 10⁻²⁶ Joules

It can be understood in terms of the distance between any two similar successive points across any wave.

C = λν

As given in the problem we have to calculate the energy of the light if the frequency of light is  3.16 × 10 ⁷ Hz

The energy of the photon = h ν

                                           = 6.26 × 10⁻³⁴ × 3.16 × 10 ⁷

                                           = 1.978× 10⁻²⁶ Joules

Thus, If the photon has a frequency of   3.16 × 10 ⁷ Hz, then the energy of the the photon as per Planck's law would be 1.978× 10⁻²⁶ Joules.

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A solution of Calcium Chloride was made, we are asked to find the concentration of the initial solution.

We will apply the following equation to find it:

Where,

C1 is the initial concentration we have to find

V1 is the initial volume, 45mL

C2 is the final concentration, 0.182M

V2 is the final volume, 50. mL

We clear C1 and replace the known data;

The molarity of the stock solution is 0.202M

Answer: 0.202M

Answer

number of moles = 0.171 mol

Explanation

Given

Volume of oxygen = 4.0 L

Temperature = 37 °C = 310 K

Pressure = 110 kPa = 1.08562 atm

we know R = 0.082 L.atm.k/mol

Required: number of moles

Solution

To solve this problem, use the ideal gas law

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT

n = (1.08562 x 4.0 L)/(0.082 L.atm.k/mol x 310 K)

n = 0.171 mol

The correct answerwer is option D.

D)The artificial cell will become more turgid.

What is a cell?

The cell is the basic building block of all living things. The human body contains many cells and they provide structure for the body. They take in nutrients from the food and convert them to energy for the body. they also carry out specialized functions.

Artificial cells are engineered particles that look like natural biological cells. example proteins, genes, enzymes, etc

Flaccid cells are shrunken cells while turgid cells are stretched due to the absorption of water.

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The boiling point of the solution is 80.93°C.

We know that the boiling point has to do with the temperature at which the pressure inside the system is the same as the atmospheric pressure. Now we know that the boiling point of the pure benzene is 80.1 °C.

Also;

ΔT = K m i

ΔT = boiling point elevation

K = boiling point constant

m = molality

i = Van Hoff factor

ΔT = 2.53°C /m * 0.33 m * 1

ΔT =  0.83°C

Boiling point of the solution =  0.83°C + 80.1 °C

= 80.93°C

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Isopropyl alcohol + water = Solution

Solute = Isopropyl alcohol

Solvent = water

% V/V = mL of solute / 100 ml of solution

Now we have 655 mL of solution.

32.0 % V/V means 32 mL of Isopropyl alcohol dissolved in 100 mL of solution.

So,

32 mL Isopropyl alcohol ------------------- 100 mL Solution

x ------------------- 655 mL Solution

x represents the volume of Isopropyl alcohol in 655 mL of solution

Now

Alcohol: 209.6 mL

Water: 655 mL (solution = Alcohol + Water) - 209.6 mL (alcohol) = 445.4 mL of water

If 1.53 g of copper is heated with excess sulfur to yield 1.76 g of copper (I) sulfide, the percent yield would be  75.43%.

The percent yield of a reaction is the actual yield relative to the theoretical yield of the same reaction.

The percent yield of a reaction is mathematically expressed as:

Percent yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100%.

Let us now consider the reaction in question. The equation of the reaction is given as:

[tex]Cu + S --- > CuS[/tex]

The mole ratio of the copper that reacts to the copper sulfide that is formed is 1:1.

Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass

The molar weight of copper is 63.55 g/mol

Mole of 1.53 g copper = 1.53/63.55

                           = 0.024 moles

The equivalent mole of copper sulfide produced will also be 0.024 moles.

The molar mass of CuS is 95.61 g/mol

Mass of 0.024 moles CuS = 0.024 x 96.61

                                      = 2.32 g

2.32 g is the theoretical yield of the reaction. But 1.76 g of copper sulfide is the actual yield.

Percent yield = 1.75/2.32 x 100%

                      = 75.43%

Thus, the percent yield of the reaction, if 1.53 g of copper is heated with excess sulfur to produce 1.76 g of copper (I) sulfide, is 75.43%.

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The question requires us to calculate the number of moles that corresponds to 5.01 x 10^22 atoms of magnesium.

To solve this question, we'll need to use the Avogadro constant. This number, defined as 6.02 x 10^23, relates the number of constituent particles (molecules, atoms or ions, for example) in a sample with the amount of substance in that sample. We can use it by saying that 1 mol of a substance corresponds to 6.02 x 10^23 constituent particles of this substance.

Then, using the information above, we can calculate the number of moles in 5.01 x 10^22 atoms of magnesium (Mg):

6.02 x 10^23 atoms of Mg --------------- 1 mol of Mg

5.01 x 10^22 atoms of Mg ---------------- x

Solving for x, we'll have:

Therefore, 5.01 x 10^22 atoms of magnesium corresponds to 0.0832 mol of this element.

Chemistry => Measurements => Significant Figures

Significant figures correspond to the number of digits in a number. We have to take into account the following:

• Zeros at the beginning of a number or at the end are not counted as digits, but zeros in between the number should be counted.

• When we write a number in scientific notation, the 10 that accompanies the number should not be counted.

Following these indications, let's count the significant figures of each given number:

In summary, we have the answer will be:

1SFs

3.00 m

4.0x10^3 mL

3SFs

50 100 00g

80.10 mL

60.4 °C

6SFs

9018.17 kg

Explanation:

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

The Lewis Structure for NH₄⁺ (Ammonium ion) is described as having four sigma bonds around a Nitrogen Atom. It is also to be noted tha there is a +1 charge on the Nitrogen atom.

The nitrogen atom is surrounded by four sigma bonds. As a result, the form of NH4+ is tetrahedral. The total number of sigma bonds and lone pairs surrounding the nitrogen atom is four. As a result, the geometry should be tetrahedral.

Lewis structures also referred as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot frameworks, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures, are schematics that depict the bonding between atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may occur.

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The chemical element which magnesium would combine with in order to attain a subscript of 3 is nitrogen which result in the formation magnesium nitride ( Mg₃N₂ )

Magnesium is a metallic element which belongs to group 2 and and has a valence electron of 2. This means that in an electrovalent combination, magnesium loses 2 valence electrons to nitrogen to become Mg2+ ion. To complete this bonding, nitrogen which has 5 valence electrons accepts 3 of Mg2+ ions in addition with with its two N3− ions to form magnesium nitride. When this happens, magnesium then attains a subscript of 3.

Magnesium nitride is an electovalent or ionic compound and the bond which exist in it is Ionic bond. It is used in the synthesis of ceramic substances.

So therefore, we can confirm from above that when magnesium reacts with nitrogen, it attains a subscript of 3.

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Nitrogen is the chemical element that magnesium would mix with to get a subscript of 3, leading to the production of magnesium nitride.

Chemical elements are defined as a type of atom, including the pure substance made entirely of that type, with a specific number of protons in its nucleus.

Magnesium is a metallic element with a valence electron number of 2, and it is a member of group 2. This indicates that magnesium loses two valence electrons to nitrogen in an electrovalent combination to form the Mg2+ ion. Nitrogen, which has five valence electrons, accepts three Mg2+ ions in addition to its two N3 ions to complete this bonding and create magnesium nitride. Magnesium then achieves a subscript of 3 when this occurs.

Thus, Nitrogen is the chemical element that magnesium would mix with to get a subscript of 3, leading to the production of magnesium nitride.

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This element is nonmetal and appears in the periodic table.

The number that represents the position of the elements is called, the atomic number, it also represents the number of protons = numbers of electrons an atom has.

Answer: D. the atomic number

First, we assume STP conditions and Ideal gas conditions.

In STP conditions, we say that:

1 mol of any gas = 22.4 L (liters)

Procedure:

1 mol Xe ------ 22.4 L (STP)

4.51 moles Xe ------- X

X = 101 L

Answer: 101 L