pure substances and mixtures.
What are the chemical characteristics?Some of the most important chemical qualities include flammability, toxicity, heat of combustion, pH value, radioactive decay rate, and chemical stability.
Pure substances and mixes are the two major kinds of matter. A pure material is a type of stuff that has a consistent composition and characteristics throughout the sample. Physical combinations of two or more elements and/or compounds are known as mixtures.
Gold, copper, oxygen, chlorine, and diamond are just a few examples. Pure substances include compounds such as water, salt or crystals, baking soda, and others. Flammability is connected to the compound’s ability to burn.
Solubility is the ability of one substance to dissolve in another.
Temperature: This refers to how hot or cold something is.
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1_ ∆E is negative for
a. an endothermic reaction.
b. an exothermic reaction.
c. an inhibited reaction.
d. a stable reaction.
2_ The minimum energy required for an effective collision is called
a. energy of enthalpy.
b. activation energy.
c. free energy.
d. kinetic energy.
Answer:1.b
2. b
Explanation:
1. Since, energy is released during an exothermic reaction the value of delta E will be negative.
2. Effective collisions are those that result in a chemical reaction. In order to produce an effective collision, reactant particles must possess some minimum amount of energy. This energy, used to initiate the reaction, is called activation energy.
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Answer:
1. An exothermic reaction
2. Activation energy
Explanation:
1. When ∆E is negative, it means that energy left the "system." The system is the reaction. The change in energy tells us how much energy was involved, and the sign tells us wheter it enetered (endothermic) or left (exothermic) the system. The fun reactions are generally exothermic - they release energy. The energy in 1 gram of rocket fuel is high. The energy left after ignition is low, for the products of the reaction. The energy did not disappear. It was converted to different forms of energy: heat, pressure, light, and noise.
2. For two atoms or molecules to react, they must come in close contact for the reaction to begin. These contacts occur when they collide at an ambient temperature that provides sufficient momentum for the two entities to overcome any repulsive forces and, instead, find the correct positons that allow close contact and the formation of new bonds. This is called the activation energy. Mixing oxygen and hydrogen will not produce an explosion without some form of activation energy applied to the system. It doesn't take much for an O2/H2 reaction, but other reactions may require an appreciable amount to start the reaction..
Compare: While the number of atoms in a mole is constant, the number of grams in a mole changes based on the element. The number of grams in a mole (g/mol) is known as its molar mass, and has the same numerical value as an element's atomic mass (in u). Use the Gizmo to find the atomic and molar mass of the following elements. Use proper units.
S Atomic mass:
Al Atomic mass:
S Molar mass:
Al Molar mass:
Answer:
S Atomic mass: 32.06 AMU
Al Atomic mass: 26.98 AMU
S Molar mass: 32.06 g/mole
Al Molar mass: 26.98 g/mole
Explanation:
The Periodic Table has the unique property that the atomic masses are numerically the same as the molar masses. Thus, g/mole may be subastituted for AMU: they are equivalent. Just change AMU to g/mole.
the formation of carbonic acid from water and carbon dioxide is catalyzed by _______.
Water and carbon dioxide combine to induce carbonic acid, which is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.
A family of enzymes known as carbonic anhydrases catalysis the interconversion of carbon dioxide and water with carbonic acid's separated ions. utmost carbonic anhydrases have a zinc ion in their active point. As a result, they're categorised as metalloenzymes.
Because carbonic acid is the sole acid that's exhaled by mortal lungs in a gassy state, it's constantly appertained to as a respiratory acid. It's a weak acid that produces bicarbonate and carbonate mariners.
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The only intermolecular forces existing between oxygen molecules (O2) are:
London dispersion
dipole-dipole
hydrogen bonding
ion-dipole
The only intermolecular forces existing between oxygen molecules (O2) are: dipole-dipole and London dispersion.
The only intermolecular force existing between oxygen molecules (O2) is dipole-dipole interaction. Oxygen is a molecule composed of two oxygen atoms, both of which have a slight negative charge. This results in a polar molecule, with a slight negative charge on one end and a slight positive charge on the other. The dipole-dipole interaction is the attractive force between the slight positive end of one O2 molecule and the slight negative end of another O2 molecule.
It is important to note that London dispersion forces also exist between all types of molecules including O2, but they are weaker than dipole-dipole forces and are not specific to a certain type of molecule. London dispersion forces occur between all types of atoms and molecules, and are due to the temporary fluctuations of electron density within a molecule.
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Answer:London dispersion
Explanation:
A. How long did it take for the Moon to go around Earth? B. How long did it take for the flag to rotate once in a full circle? 6. Analyze: What do you notice about these two time intervals?
It takes the Moon approximately 27.3 days to orbit the Earth, and It takes the flag approximately 4 seconds to rotate once in a full circle.
Analyzing the two time intervals, it is clear that the Moon's orbit of the Earth is much longer than the time it takes the flag to rotate in a full circle. This is because the Moon is much farther away from the Earth than the flag is from the ground, so it requires much more time for the Moon to complete one full orbit around the Earth.
The Moon's orbit of the Earth is much longer than the time it takes the flag to rotate in a full circle because the Moon is much farther away from the Earth than the flag is from the ground. This is due to the difference in the gravitational forces that affect the Moon and the flag. The Moon is subject to the gravitational pull of the Earth, which causes it to orbit around the Earth.
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If i shake ethanol and oil in a test tube and then add water what would be my result?
If you shake ethanol and oil in a test tube and then add water, you would likely see the water and ethanol mix together, while the oil remains separate.
This is because ethanol and water are miscible, meaning that they can mix together in any proportion to form a homogenous solution. Oil, on the other hand, is immiscible with water, meaning that it does not dissolve in water and will instead form a separate layer on top of the water.
What is the experiment about?When ethanol and water are mixed together, the ethanol molecules become surrounded by water molecules, and the mixture becomes homogenous.
This is because the ethanol molecules are polar, meaning that they have a positive end and a negative end, and the water molecules are also polar, with a positive end and a negative end. The positive end of the ethanol molecule is attracted to the negative end of the water molecule and vice versa, so the two substances can mix together easily.
Oil, on the other hand, is nonpolar, meaning that it does not have positive and negative ends. As a result, it does not interact with water molecule
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Which of the following has the lowest boiling point? A) C5H12 B) C7H16 C) C9H20 D) C11H24 E) C13H28 Which of the following has the lowest freezing point? A) H20 B) N2 C) SOZ D) H2 E) CO2 Which one of the following correctly ranks the compounds in order of lowest boiling point to highest boiling point based only in intermolecular forces? A) CH3CH2OH
Answer: C5H12
Explanation: The boiling point is the temperature at which the substance will change from the liquid to the phase gas, so compounds with weaker intermolecular forces will have lower boiling points. Since all of these options are nonpolar, they’re only intermolecular forces are dispersion forces, which are smaller for compounds with fewer electrons. Of these options, C5 H 12 has the fewest electrons, so it has the weakest intermolecular forces, and therefore the lowest boiling point.
When a solution of a certain gadolinium salt is electrolyzed with a current of 1.0 A for 2.0 h, 0.025 mol of Gd metal forms. Calculate the charge on the gadolinium ion in the salt.
Properties both sodium and manganese have
1.018g of freon- 113 gas is trapped in a 145 ml container at 760 mmhg and 50.0 c. what is the molar mass of freon- 113?
1.018g of freon- 113 gas is trapped in a 145 mL container at 760 mmHg and 50.0 C. The molar mass of freon- 113 is 186.1 g/mol
We can first use the ideal gas law equation to get the number of moles.
PV = nrT
where
P is pressure = 760 mmHg / 760 mmHg/atm = 1 atm
V is volume = 145 x 10⁻³ L
n is number of moles
r is universal gas constant= 0.08206 LatmK⁻¹mol⁻¹
T is temperature in Kelvin = 50 °C + 273 = 323 K
we can subtitutes the value to the formula of gas ideal
PV = nrT
1 atm x 145x 10⁻³ L = n x 0.08206 LatmK⁻¹mol⁻¹ x 323 K
n = 0.00547mol
Molar mass of freon 113 can be calculate as follows
molar mass = mass / number of moles
molar mass = 1.018 g / 0.00547 mol = 186.1 g/mol
molar mass of freon 113 gas is 186.1 g/mol
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In a constant-pressure process, ΔH = 0. What can you conclude aboutΔE, q, and w?
At constant pressure if ΔH is equal to zero, then q also will be zero. And work done W and internal energy change ΔE = - PΔ V.
What is enthalpy ?The enthalpy of a system can be defines as the sum of the internal energy of the system and its addition pressure -volume energy of occupying space.
H = E + PV
Then change in enthalpy ΔH = ΔE + PΔ V
Now, if ΔH = 0,
ΔE = - PΔ V.
According to first law of thermodynamics,
ΔE = q + w
then q + w = - PΔ V
where w = - PΔ V
therefore, q = 0.
From this, the enthalpy change is equal to the heat added at constant pressure.
ΔH = q at constant pressure.
hence q = 0.
ΔE = w =- PΔ V.
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Molar Volume
Show all work or no credit!!
I. Assume all gases are at STP. Convert moles of gas to liters of volume
1. 0.10 moles of Hydrogen gas
2. 1.5 moles of Na
3. 8.4 moles of NH3
3.75 moles of Br
At STP, the molar volume of a gas is equal to 22.41 L. Thus, the volume of each of these gases are their number of moles multiplied by 22.414.
What is molar volume ?The molar volume of a substance is the space occupied by one mole of the substance. One mole of every substance contains Avogadro number of atoms.
The STP condition is the condition of standard temperature and pressure. The temperature of 298 K and 1 atm pressure is called the standard condition.
At STP one mole of every gas has a volume of 22.414 L.
Therefore, at STP the volume of 0.10 moles of hydrogen gas = 0.10 × 22.4 = 2.24 L
Volume of 1.5 moles Na = 1.5 × 22.4 = 33.6 L
volume of 8.4 moles of ammonia = 8.4 × 22.4 = 188 L
volume of 75 moles Br = 75 × 22.4 = 1680 L.
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Which of these would produce a 0.100 M KI (molar mass = 166.0 g/mol) solution?
a.
Weigh out 1.66 g of KI and add 100 mL of water from a graduated cylinder.
b.
Weigh out 3.32 g of KI and add enough water to a 50 mL volumetric flask to make 50 mL of solution.
c.
Weigh out 16.6 g of KI and add 1.00 L of water from a graduated cylinder.
d.
Weigh out 166 g of KI and add enough water to a 1000 mL volumetric flask to make 1.0 L of solution.
e.
Weigh out 4.15 g of KI and add enough water to a 250 mL volumetric flask to make 250 mL of solution.
The one which produce a 0.100 M KI with the molar mass = 166.0 g/mol solution is e) Weigh out 4.15 g of KI and add enough water to a 250 mL volumetric flask to make 250 mL of solution.
Given that :
Mass of the KI = 4.15 g
The molar mass of the KI = 166 g/mol
Moles of the KI = mass / molar mass
= 4.15 / 166
= 0.025 M
The molarity is given as :
Molarity = moles / volume in L
Molarity = 0.025 / 0.25
= 0.1 M
Thus, the molarity of the solution is 0.1 M.
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Which reaction is a neutralisation reaction?
Answer:
The interaction of H+ ions and OH- ions produces water in a neutralization reaction, which occurs when an acid and a base combine to make water and a salt.
Explanation:
An acid and a base combine to produce an ionic molecule and potentially water in a neutralization reaction.
The following is a skeleton of a molecular anion having the overall formula C7H6NO–. The H atoms are not shown. Starting with the structure drawn below, complete the Lewis structure by adding all H atoms, valence electrons, and π bonds. This structure will have a –1 formal charge on the oxygen.
The Lewis structure for C7H6NO is given below:
What is a Lewis structure?
A Lewis structure, also known as a Lewis dot diagram, is a way to represent the bonding and non-bonding electrons in a molecule. It is named after Gilbert N. Lewis, who introduced it in 1916. A Lewis structure shows the chemical symbol of each atom in the molecule and the electrons that are involved in the chemical bonds. It is used to predict the molecular geometry, reactivity, and other chemical properties of a molecule.
The skeleton structure provided is of an anion, C7H6NO-, which has a -1 formal charge on the oxygen atom. To complete the Lewis structure, we will add the missing hydrogen atoms, valence electrons, and pi bonds. Here is one possible Lewis structure for C7H6NO-:
H
|
C-C-C-C-C-C-C
| |
N-C O=C
| |
H H
In this Lewis structure, the oxygen atom has a negative formal charge, indicating that it has one extra electron in its valence shell. The nitrogen atom has a formal charge of zero, indicating that it has a complete octet in its valence shell.
The carbon atoms have a formal charge of zero, indicating that they also have a complete octet in their valence shell. There are two pi bonds in the molecule, one between the nitrogen and the carbon atoms, and another between the double-bonded oxygen and the carbon atoms. The molecule has a total of 36 valence electrons.
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The electron-pair geometry around the P atom in PO(OH)3 is There arelone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of PO(OH)3 is
The electron-pair geometry around the P atom in PO(OH)3 is tetrahedral.There are zero lone pairs around the central atom, so the molecular geometry of PO(OH)3 is tetrahedral.
What is molecular geometry?Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.
It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
They provide information about geometry by taking into considerations the vibrational and rotational absorbance of a substance.Neutron and electron diffraction techniques provide information about the distance between nuclei and electron density.
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Calculate the molar mass in a 1.52kg sample of glucose
The molar mass is independent of mass of substance and hence molar mass in a 1.52 kg of glucose is 180 g.
What is molar mass?Molar mass of a compound or a molecule is defined as the mass of the elements which are present in it.The molar mass is considered to be a bulk quantity not a molecular quantity. It is often an average of the of the masses at many instances.
The molecular mass and formula mass are used as synonym for the molar mass.It does not depend on the amount of substance which is present in the sample.It has units of gram/mole.
Chemical formula of glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆ and hence molar mass is 12×6 +1×12+16×6=180 g.
Hence, molar mass in a 1.52 kg of glucose is 180 g.
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_____solutions are good conductors of electricity. heterogeneous gaseous ionic covalent
ionic solutions are good conductors of electricity. heterogeneous gaseous ionic covalent
Any sample of a solid, liquid, or gaseous mixture is said to be homogenous if the component ratios are constant. They are evenly dispersed in terms of their constituent parts, and the entire solution has a consistent look.
Components of a heterogeneous mixture have proportions that differ across the sample as a whole. In a heterogeneous mixture, the constituent parts may be seen and are not uniformly distributed. Any mixture with an uneven composition is referred to as a heterogeneous mixture. The components (sand and gravel) are clearly visible in a bucket but are not uniformly dispersed. That makes this a "heterogeneous blend."
___solutions are good conductors of electricity.
lonic
Covalent
Heterogeneous
Gaseous
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Draw the Lewis structure of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, including all non-bonding lone pairs. Leave this question blank on your Scantron
Acetic acid (CH3COOH) has 7 bonds total, with the oxygen-carbon link being the only one.
In the Lewis structure of acetic acid, how many lone pairs are there?There are four lone electron pairs in all (2 on each oxygen atom).Acetic acid (CH3COOH) has 7 bonds total, with the oxygen-carbon link being the only one.Since an organic acid containing a -COOH group, such as acetic acid, has a chemical formula that must have this group in order for the chemical formula to accurately reflect the chemical nature of the compound. In light of this, CHCOOH is the proper formula for acetic acid.Since an organic acid containing a -COOH group, such as acetic acid, has a chemical formula that must have this group in order for the chemical formula to accurately reflect the chemical nature of the compound.To learn more about Acetic acid refer to:
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HELPPP!!What are valence electrons and why are they important? How do electronegativity and ionization energy impact an element’s ability to lose or gain valence electrons?
Valence electrons tell about the properties of the element that is being discussed. If an atom is electronegatiove then it woulod have more electrons in the outermost shell. The elements that have fewer electrons in the outermost shell has a lower ionization energy.
What are the valence electrons?We know that the valence electrons has to do with the electrons that can be seen to occupy the outermost shell of the atom. We know that the atom is the smallest particle of the substnace that can be able to take part in a chemical reaction. Now there are many electronic levels that can be found in the atoms of an element.
The valence electrons can tell us the number of the electrons that are in an atom and they can also be able to tell us the chemical reactivity of the atom that we have in the particular case.
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Which can not be separated into simpler substances or converted into another substance by chemical processes
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down further into simpler components by a chemical reaction.
Which of the following Cannot be separated into a simpler substance?An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances. Elements are sterling substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by usual chemical means. Hydrogen and oxygen, on the other hand, cannot decay into simpler substances
Water can also be divided into smaller molecules by chemical means, so it can also be restricted as a substance that can be separated into simpler substances only by the chemical way. They are therefore elementary, or easy, chemical substances - elements.
So we can conclude that Since elements are pure substances, so they cannot be part of two or easy substances by chemical methods.
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If the absorbance of a Co(NO3)2 solution is 0.253 and that of a Ni(NO3)2 solution is 0.145 at 510nm and it is known that there is no interaction between the species, the absorbance of a solution prepared by mixing 10 mL of the Co(NO3)2 solution with 10 mL of the Ni(NO3)2 solution will be
How many molecules it interacts with will determine how much of the light is absorbed. Let's say you have an organic dye that is really brightly colored.
It will have a relatively high absorption if it is in a moderately concentrated solution since there are several molecules to interact with the light. However, it could be quite challenging to detect any color at all in a solution that is extremely diluted. The absorption will be quite low. Let's say you wished to compare this color to another substance. You couldn't compare them logically to see which one absorbed more light unless you were careful to account for the concentration.
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Select the oxidizing or reducing agent(s) that you would use to carry out the transformation below. 0 OH H3C OHCH 0H H3C 0 i. O3, CH3OH ii. (CH3)2S PCC Na, NH3 RCO3H NaBH4 i. LiAlH4; ii. H30 H2, Pd H2, Lindlar's Catalyst i. KMnO4, H20, KOH, heat; ii. H30*
H2SO4/Heat, NaOH/Heat, and KOH/Heat are oxidizing agents that can be used to carry out the transformation of (OCH3)CH2CH2COOCH3 to (CH3OH)CH2CH2OH + CH3COOH.
The transformation you've provided is the cleavage of an ester (OCH3CH2CH2COOCH3) to an alcohol (CH3OHCH2CH2OH) and a carboxylic acid (CH3COOH).
There are several oxidizing agents that can be used to carry out this transformation, such as:
H2SO4/Heat, which can cleave esters by forming a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Heat, which can also cleave esters by forming a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and Heat, which can also cleave esters by forming a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
It's worth noting that these oxidizing agents are not selective and could also oxidize other functional groups in the molecule, so if a selective oxidation is needed, other methods like using enzymes or specific oxidizing agents should be considered.
--The question is incomplete, complete question is given below--
"Select the oxidizing or reducing agent(s) that you would use to carry out the transformation (OCH3)CH2CH2COOCH3 to (CH3OH)CH2CH2OH + CH30H
i. O3, CH3OH ii. (CH3)2S
PCC
Na, NH3
RCO3H, NaBH4
i. LiAlH4; ii. H30+
H2, Pd
H2, Lindlar's Catalyst
i. KMnO4, H20, KOH, heat; ii. H30+"
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how many moles of Barium Phosphate Ba2(PO4)2 are needed to have 18.02 gram of oxygen atom ?
Calculate the moles present in 2.00 grams of H2O
Answer:
0,1 moles
Explanation:
moles (n) = mass : Mr
n = 2 grams : (2 × H + 1 × O)
n = 2 grams : (2 + 16)
n = 2 grams : 18 grams/moles
n = 1 : 9 moles
n = 0,1 moles
Select the oxidizing or reducing agent(s) that you would use to carry out the transformation below: OH H;c OCH; OH CH;OH H;c NaBH4 PCC RCOzH 0i 03, " CHzOHii (CH3)zS 0 Hz Ni 0 Hz, Pd/CaSO4, quinoline 0iLiAIH4; ii. HzOt Li, NH3 OiKMnO, HzO, KOH,heat; ii. H3Ot
NaBH4 can be used as a reducing agent to reduce an alkoxide to an alcohol. The mechanism involves a one-electron transfer from NaBH4 to the alkoxide, forming a reduced intermediate, which is then protonated by the solvent to yield the desired alcohol product.
Oi. NaBH4; ii. H3O+.
Oi: NaBH4 can be used as a reducing agent to reduce an alkoxide to an alcohol.
ii: H3O+ can be used as an oxidizing agent to oxidize an alcohol to an aldehyde.
NaBH4 can be used as a reducing agent to reduce an alkoxide to an alcohol. The mechanism involves a one-electron transfer from NaBH4 to the alkoxide, forming a reduced intermediate, which is then protonated by the solvent to yield the desired alcohol product. This reaction is often accompanied by an acid-base reaction between the NaBH4 and the solvent. H3O+ can be used as an oxidizing agent to oxidize an alcohol to an aldehyde. The mechanism involves a one-electron transfer from the alcohol to H3O+, forming an oxidized intermediate, which is then protonated by the solvent to yield the desired aldehyde product. This reaction is often accompanied by an acid-base reaction between the H3O+ and the solvent.
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In the lab, a substance is experimentally determined to be 44.42 g tin and 119.58 g bromine. What is the percent composition by mass of each element in this compound?
Answer:
To calculate the percent composition by mass of each element in this compound, we first need to determine the total mass of the compound. We can do this by adding together the mass of tin and the mass of bromine:
44.42 g + 119.58 g = 164 g
Then, we divide the mass of each element by the total mass of the compound, and multiply by 100 to express the answer as a percentage.
The percent composition by mass of tin: (44.42 g / 164 g) x 100 = 27.01%
The percent composition by mass of bromine: (119.58 g / 164 g) x 100 = 72.99%
So, the compound is 27.01% tin and 72.99% bromine by mass.
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The correct question is what is the percentage composition of Tin and Bromine.
Which type of bond would be present in the compound SeS?
O lonic
O Polar covalent
O James
O Non-polar covalent
Consider this reaction: h2s + hno3 right arrow. S + no + h2o reduction half-reaction: n+5 + 3e- right arrow. N+2 oxidation half-reaction: s-2 right arrow. S + 2e- after balancing the chemical equation, what are the coefficients for these compounds? h2s hno3.
Coefficient of H2S= 3,Coefficient of HNo3 = 2are the coefficients for these compounds
Overall reaction
H_{2}*S + HN*O_{3} -> S + NO + H_{2}*O
Reduction half-reaction:
N ^ 5 +3e^ - N^ +2 ...(1)
Oxidation half-reaction:
S ^ l - 2 S+2e^ - ...(2)
2x(1) + 3x(2)
2N^ +5 +6e^ - +3S^ l -2 2N ^ 2 + 3S +6e^ -
2N^ +5 +3S^ [ - 2 -> 2N ^ 2 + 3S
3H2S+2H NO33S+2NO+ 4H2O
Coefficient of H2S= 3,Coefficient of HNo3 = 2
Components of a heterogeneous mixture have proportions that differ across the sample as a whole. In a heterogeneous mixture, the constituent parts may be seen and are not uniformly distributed. Any mixture with an uneven composition is referred to as a heterogeneous mixture.
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Answer:
3 and 2
Explanation:
This passage describes a chemical reaction. Read the passage. Then, follow the instructions below.
The Space Shuttle program sent astronauts on 135 missions using a fleet of five shuttles between 1981 and 2011. The engines of each shuttle, like other modern rocket engines, used liquid hydrogen as fuel. When liquid hydrogen combines with liquid oxygen, an enormous amount of energy is released, along with water vapor. The shuttles used this energy to launch into space.
Complete the sentence.
In the chemical reaction of the Space Shuttle;
the reactants are liquid hydrogen and air or oxygenthe products are energy and water vapor.What is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction is a procedure that results in the conversion of one group of chemical components into another.
Chemical reactions can frequently be represented by a chemical equation and include changes that simply affect the locations of electrons in the formation and breakage of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (i.e., no change to the elements present).
The substances that undergo change are reactants, while the new substances formed are called products.
An example of a chemical reaction is described below:
The Space Shuttle program sent astronauts on 135 missions using a fleet of five shuttles between 1981 and 2011. The engines of each shuttle, like other modern rocket engines, used liquid hydrogen as fuel. When liquid hydrogen combines with liquid oxygen, an enormous amount of energy is released, along with water vapor. The shuttles used this energy to launch into space.
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