ENZYME CATALYSIS LABORATORY REPORT SHEET ACTIVITY 1: ENZYME CONCENTRATION 1. Construct a hypothesis addressing the effect concentration will have on rate of reaction. 2. What chemical reaction is being catalyzed in the experiment? Label the substrate(s), enzyme, and product(s). 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Depth of H2O2 Solution 2.1 cm (d) 2.1 cm 2.1 cm 2.1 cm 2.1 cm Trial 1 Time 180 sec 84.61 sec 43.52 sec 36.90sec 25.90 sec Trial 2 Time 180 sec 92.25 sec 38.16 sec 34.36 sec 23.57sec Trial 3 Time 32.53 sec 18.82 sec Average Time (t) 180 sec 88.43 sec 40.84 Sec 34.5 sec 22.76 sec Rate of the Reaction (R = d/t) 0.012 cm/sec 0.02 cm/sec 0.051 cm/sec 0.061 cm/sec 0.0923cm/sec 4. Using the computer, graph rate of reaction on the y-axis and percent concentration of enzyme on the x-axis. If the points are linear, draw a "best-fit" straight line through or near all the data points. 0.1 0.09 0.08 8 0.07 0.06 Rate of Reaction cm/sec 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0% 20% 100% 120% 40% 60% 80% Concentration of Enzyne 5. Based on the information in the data table and your graph, explain the relationship between percent concentration of catalase and rate of reaction. 6. Did your actual results match your hypotheses? If not, why? 7. Using the graph, you created, predict the rate of the reaction if catalase concentrations are 10%, 60% and 85%. This will be done by extrapolating from the graph. In order to do this, take each catalase concentration above and locate it on the x-axis. From that point, draw a vertical line until it intersects the "best fit" line. From that point of intersection, draw a horizontal line to the y-axis. Where this intersection occurs would be the approximate rate of reaction.

The scientist observing a fault where the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall, the scientist is observing reverse fault.

When the hanging wall rises relative to the footwall, a reverse fault—the opposite of a normal fault—occurs. In places that are experiencing compression, reverse faults happen. Compressional stress forces rocks to push against one another, which results in reverse faults. In addition, the hanging wall slides up the fault relative to the footwall when the footwall and hanging wall are pushed together.

Normal flaws cause the footwall and hanging wall to become separated from one another, and the hanging wall to lower itself in relation to the footwall.

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Answer:

Soil temperature can be easily measured by using a thermometer. Some of the thermometers normally used in soil work include mercury or liquid in glass, bimetallic, bourdon, and electrical-resistance thermometers.

Explanation:

How do you measure humidity and relative humidity?

A hygrometer is a device used to measure humidity. Hygrometers come in both analog and digital versions, but modern, digital hygrometers are more accurate, so they are the most commonly used today. The Davis Temperature and Humidity sensor measures temperature and humidity for both inside and outside.

Answer:

The claim I would formulate is that measurements for each sample, such as soil temperature, surface temperature and relative humidity are essential to accurately measure the environment. These measurements provide important information about the climate of an area which can help us better understand how different conditions affect our local ecosystems. By taking these readings we can determine if a location is suitable for certain species or activities and make informed decisions when it comes to environmental management.

Explanation:

The end-diastolic volume is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole, hence option C is correct.

At the beginning of systole, the volume of blood is stored in the ventricle which is the end-diastolic volume.

During systole, the two ventricles build pressure and release blood to the pulmonary arteries and aorta, in this situation semilunar gates are open while the atria are closed, in diastole, the atrioventricular valves are open and the mitral valve is closed.

Therefore, end-diastolic volume is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole.

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The phosphorus cycle is real, and farmers can just use guano to supply phosphorus to the soil.

Guano, a fertilizer made from accumulated bird, bat, sometimes seal excrement and remnants. The majority of bird guano originates from rocks off the shores of Africa, Baja (Lower) Californian, and Peru that are home to gannets, falcons, and gannets in large numbers. All around the world, caverns contain bat guano.

Guano includes potent degrading bacteria that operate as great compost activators, accelerating the decomposition process while assisting in the management of dangerous nematodes other soil-borne pathogens. Insects consume plant material to start the guano cycle. Bats then consume and digest the insects.

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The most useful concept in understanding how an organism developed into its current form is the theory of evolution by natural selection.

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Dissolving is best described as a mingling of molecules and/or ions. Thus, the correct option for this question is E.

Dissolving may be characterized as the process where a solute in a gaseous, liquid, or solid phase dissolves in a solvent in order to form a solution.

According to the context of this question, when molecules and ions in the solutions are intermingled with each other spontaneously. It represents the property of dissolving one compound with other under normal conditions. The process of dissolution is facilitated by increasing the temperature or the exposure to some enzymes.

Therefore, dissolving is best described as a mingling of molecules and/or ions. Thus, the correct option for this question is E.

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Muscle fiber type has a slow speed of contraction but a high resistance to fatigue is type I muscle fibers

Type 1 muscle fibers are fibers attached to the human skeleton that function in contraction. This fiber helps in long-endurance warm-ups like long-distance running as it resists fatigue. The slow speed of contraction and high resistance to fatigue are caused by the release of energy which is carried out gradually causing the power to be produced to be more controlled so that it is more resistant to fatigue.

In addition, type 1 muscle fibers have a high amount of myoglobin which is used efficiently for cellular respiration and in the production of ATP. So it produces energy easily without causing a buildup of lactic acid. This resistance to muscle fatigue is also supported by a high number of mitochondrial organelles so that it can supply energy continuously and for a long time.

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mRNA is to transcription and tRNA is to translation.

The tRNA molecules are in charge of pairing amino acids with the proper codons in the mRNA. Each tRNA molecule has two separate ends; one of them attaches to a particular amino acid, while the other one binds to the appropriate mRNA codon. These tRNAs transport amino acids to the ribosome during translation where they combine with their complimentary codons.

The formed amino acids are then linked together as the ribosome advances along the mRNA molecule in a ratchet-like process, assisted by its resident rRNAs. The resultant protein chains can include hundreds of amino acids, and it takes a lot of chemical energy to create these molecules.

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Only one organism benefits from commensalism the other organism neither benefits from nor is hurt, interaction will not lead to coevolution.

Since the two have no evolutionary connections, this contact won't result in coevolution.

Commensalism is a connection between two species in which one benefits from the other while neither species is damaged or benefitted.

While parasitism has a detrimental impact on the species, commensalism has none.

Therefore, one creature benefits from commensalism the other organism neither benefits from nor is hurt.

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If the marsh rabbit population dropped, the world's python death rate would also rise.

Up to 100,000 pythons are thought to live in the Everglades, according to a Fox News piece. Because they grew to be too large and dangerous for owners to handle, most of these pythons are offspring of pets that were forcibly released into marshes. The main causes of marsh rabbit deaths outside of ENP were animals, specifically bobcats (Lynx rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans).

The Python Elimination Program, which began in 2017, provides financial incentives for a small number of civic-minded people to humanely kill these venomous snakes that have established themselves as an invasive apex predator in the Everglades. When hundreds of Burmese pythons were brought to be marketed as exotic pets in the 1970s and 1980s, Florida became home to one of the largest snakes in the world.

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When proteins deaminate, the waste product seen in urine is primarily ammonia. Here option B is the correct answer.

Deamination is the process by which amino acids are broken down, releasing ammonia as a byproduct. Ammonia is toxic to the body in high concentrations, so it must be converted into a less toxic compound, such as urea before it can be excreted in the urine.

This process is called the urea cycle, which happens in the liver. Urea is the end product of nitrogen metabolism in mammals.

Ketone bodies are produced by the liver as an alternate energy source when glucose is in short supply, such as during fasting or in uncontrolled diabetes. Acetyl CoA is a molecule that plays a central role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.

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According to Bell, the pushup test is one of the greatest techniques to measure upper-body endurance, particularly in the muscles of the chest and shoulders.

The most frequent calisthenic-type muscular endurance tests employed by fitness experts are the curl-up and push-up.

Many tests focus on upper and lower body muscle endurance, such as how many pushups, squats, or situps persons can perform. A person can work with a fitness coach to evaluate muscle endurance or to record how many repetitions of a certain activity they can complete before becoming fatigued.

The Oxford Scale was developed. The Oxford Scale is the most widely used way of assessing muscular strength (AKA Medical Research Council Manual Muscle Testing scale).

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Endometrial cells grow in response to (b) hormones secreted from the ovary.

Endometrial cells make up the inner layer of the uterine lining (endometrium) and take part in uterine activities. The woman's current menstrual cycle affects how many cell layers there are. In the top layer of the endometrium are epithelial stromal cells, and below that is a layer of simple tubular glands (glandulae uterinae).

Endometrial cells have a big impact on how the endometrium functions. Near the uterine cavity lies the functional layer. During the first half of the previous menstrual cycle, this layer is constructed after menstruation has ended. Estrogen (follicular phase of the menstrual cycle) stimulates proliferation (growth or creation of the cells), while progesterone stimulates subsequent alterations in this layer.

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The process used to maintain the individual's blood glucose levels is called gluconeogenesis. This process converts non-carbohydrate molecules, such as amino acids and fatty acids, into glucose molecules, which can then be used for energy.

Inside the eye, electrical impulses travel from the C. photoreceptors to the bipolar cells to the ganglion cells

The eye is one part of the body that has an important role in human life. As the sense of sight, the eye has parts that have separate functions, both the outer part such as the eyelids and eyebrows, and the inner part of the eye such as the cornea, retina, and pupil.

In the eye, electrical impulses can flow from the photoreceptors to the bipolar cells to the ganglion cells. Several types of diseases that can arise in the eye are eye irritation, presbyopia, glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal detachment.

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Cancer occurs during the M stage of mitosis, which is the stage of the cell cycle in which the cell divides into two daughter cells:

The M phase of mitosis is a critical stage of the cell cycle in which the cell divides into two daughter cells. This process is necessary for the growth and development of all multicellular organisms, as it allows for the duplication and maintenance of the genetic material, and for the production of new, healthy cells.

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The role that Na+/K+-ATPase play in salt excretion by shark rectal gland is : a.) Na+/K+-ATPase produces electrochemical gradient to transport sodium ions out of the blood.  

Elasmobranchs have structures that secrete salt through their rectal glands. In comparison to specimens of this and other species from a marine context, the glands on the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, found in freshwater environments are smaller and exhibit regressive alterations.

Elasmobranchs' rectal gland, which secretes copious amounts of electrolytes, is crucial to the animals' osmoregulatory systems (Burger and Hess). Salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts and it is found in the cartilaginous fishes subclass elasmobranch (sharks, rays, and skates), seabirds, and reptiles.

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The following explains that folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo : C) Folate is needed for proper cell division.

Folate contributes to the metabolism of proteins and is necessary for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It is necessary for the disintegration of homocysteine, an amino acid that can be harmful to the body in high doses.

In order for the baby to develop and grow, folate is required for cell division. Neural tube defects, a type of birth abnormality, can occur if there is a folate shortage during pregnancy (anencephaly and spina bifida).

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The following would indicate that a person is genetically predisposed to hypertension is their parents and other close family members have high blood pressure.

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is defined as elevated blood pressure. Your blood pressure changes depending on what you do each day. Blood pressure readings that are frequently above normal can be used to diagnose high blood pressure (or hypertension).

Early-morning headaches, nosebleeds, irregular heartbeats, changes in vision, and ear buzzing are just a few of the symptoms that can appear. Fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, anxiety, chest pain, and muscle tremors are all symptoms of severe hypertension.

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Answer:

The following would indicate that a person is genetically predisposed to hypertension is their parents and other close family members have high blood pressure.

Explanation:

Glycerophospholipids can interact both with the other lipids and water molecule because they contain polar regions and non-polar regions. Thus, the correct option is B.

Glycerophospholipids are the glycerol-based phospholipids. They are the main component of the biological membranes such as plasma membrane. Two major classes of glycerophospholipids which are known include those for bacteria and eukaryotes and a separate family for the archaea.

Glycerophospholipids consist of a single phospholipid molecule which has a phosphate group on one end, called the head, and two side-by-side chains of the fatty acids that make up the lipid tail. The phosphate group is negatively charged, making the head of the molecule polar and hydrophilic, or water loving. The phosphate heads are thus attracted to the water molecule while the tail is made up of fatty acids is non-polar and hydrophobic or water-hating.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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i believe the answer is cellular respiration.

Hope this helps :)

Answer:

As the temperature rises further, the enzyme's activity decreases and eventually stops because the enzyme becomes denatured at high temperatures. Proteins are enzymes. The bonds separating amino acids are broken at very high temperatures. The enzyme's shape changes as a result of this.

Condyloid joints are located withinside the elbow, wrist joints, carpals of the wrist, and at the bottom of the index finger.

The MCP joint is fashioned among the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers. In this, the rounded head of the metacarpal articulates with the shallow hollow space of proximal phalanges. The wrist joint additionally called the radiocarpal joint is a condyloid synovial joint of the distal top limb that connects and serves as a transition factor among the forearm and hand. A condyloid joint is a changed ball and socket joint that lets in for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements.

Thus, the elbow, wrist joints, carpals of the wrist, and at the bottom of the index finger are all the condyloid joints in the body.

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The actual reason for the law of autonomous combination lies in meiosis I of gamete arrangement when homologous matches line up in arbitrary directions at the center of the cell as they plan to isolate.

Sister chromatids separate in meiosis II. The Autonomous arrangement of qualities is because of the arbitrary direction of sets of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I.

Mendel's Isolation regulation happens in anaphase (I and II) of meiosis. It is a stage in the principal meiotic division wherein the homologous chromosomes are isolated into two little girl cores with their different renditions of every quality.

The autonomous combination happens during the course of meiosis. In this cycle, the chromosomes are divided and are known as haploid. To comprehend the law of autonomous combination, understanding the law of segregation is vital. In this, two distinct qualities are arranged into various gamete cells.

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An example of condyloid joints is the wrist. Condyloid joints are also found in the hands and allow for the movement of fingers.

A condyloid joint is a form of synovial joint in which one bone's articular surface has an ovoid convexity that sits within the other bone's ellipsoidal hollow. It permits movement in two planes (i.e., flexion or extension, abduction or adduction).

Condyloid joints, like saddle joints, provide for two degrees of freedom of movement. Such joints permit movement such as abduction/adduction and flexion/extension (circumduction). The ball and socket joint allows axial rotation but not the condyloid joint.

Condyloid joints, in other words, have non-axial motions. Due to the oval form of the joints, however, minimal circumduction may be achieved at such joints.

Although the fingers are small, limited circular motion is possible. The bottom joint of each finger is a condyloid joint. In the proper functioning of the hand, these joints have an important role. With the help of joint capsules, surrounding musculotendinous structures, and ligaments, flexibility and stability of fingers can be achieved.

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Adding CO 2 creates carbonic acid, lowering the ocean pH is the change that would expect to happen.

The ocean's average pH is now around 8.1 , which is basic (or alkaline), but as the ocean continues to absorb more CO2, the pH decreases and the ocean becomes more acidic.

The alkaline pH of seawater is caused by dissolved basic minerals. The pH is mainly defined by the equilibrium with CaCO3. This is due to the buffer systems of seawater CO3 and HCO3.

The pH levels of ocean waters are not consistent across the globe. Some oceans have very low pH while others have a higher level in their waters. Eastern Pacific has lower pH whereas the Arctic Ocean has a higher pH value.

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Bad-tasting, bad-smelling, toxic, or stinging-prey species advertise their characteristics using warning coloration.

Superb examples of evolutionary adaptations are warning colour and mimicry. Because we are extremely visual mammals, we can easily comprehend the outcomes of visual adaptations like these. The purpose of warning colour is to prevent prey from assaulting species with active defences.

Warning colours are often (but not always) bright and noticeable. Bright, contrasty warning patterns, like traffic signs, are generally simpler to learn: they are advertising colours.

In practise, brightly coloured creatures known to be guarded, such as wasps and distasteful Heliconius butterflies, are considered to be aposematic - despite the fact that little experimental data suggests they are simpler to learn.

To a first approximation, learning a warning colour necessitates that the per capita loss during learning reduces as the number of warning colours in a population increases. After been irritated by a warning pattern, predators will learn to avoid other individuals with the same colour pattern, regardless of density.

As a result, the proportion taken decreases as the density of the warning-colored prey increases. As a result, warning colours provide a frequency-dependent fitness benefit that grows as the frequency of warning colours grows. Polymorphisms are hence not expected, and are seldom found, within populations of warningly-colored animals.

When the bulk of a predator population recognises the warning pattern, crypsis should become unfavourable, and hiding should no longer be advantageous.

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For an ion, the electron dot structure shows the number of valence electrons in the ion.

The Lewis dot structure shows valence electrons as dots. These valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom or ion. They are the electrons that may participate in a chemical reaction.

The electron dot structures of nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine ions are shown in the images attached.

The common thing about all these ions is that they have all attained a stable octet as shown. In the case of oxygen, the covalent link is established by each oxygen atom sharing two electrons. As a result, it contains double (4 electron) bonds. In the case of nitrogen, the covalent link is established by each nitrogen atom sharing three electrons. As a result, it contains triple (6 electron) bonds.

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