Answer:
It forms a physical barrier and as a barrier between the cell and the external environment as it allows only selected necessary molecules to pass through it and at the same time prevents entry of unwanted / unnecessary substances. It also regulates the entry and exit of molecules into and out of the cell.
Explanation:
What evidence encourages some archeologists to believe that ritual accompanied burials from about 100,000 years ago?.
A process known as "flint knapping," which translates to "to shape by breaking off bits," is used to remove chips or flakes from a piece of fine-grained stone like flint. This produces a huge amount of waste scraps or flakes, much as when you whittle a piece of wood.
Sharp stone flakes serve what purpose?Tools fashioned of flake stone, such as spear points, arrowheads, knives, scrapers, and drills, have sharp edges when shattered.
The Paleolithic Era : Old Stone Age is another name for the Paleolithic Period, a prehistoric cultural stage or degree of human evolution that was marked by the use of crude chipped stone tools.
Homo habilis, one of the oldest members of the human family, created the first stone tools during the early Stone Age, which is also referred to as the Lower Paleolithic. These were essentially stone cores that had flake material taken from them to sharpen the edge, making it suitable for use in cutting, chopping, or scraping.
Hammerstones were employed by early humans in East Africa to pound off sharp flakes from stone cores. Early humans employed these techniques for accessing new resources, including flesh from huge animals, for more than two million years.
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What is RNA primer?
What is the sugar phosphate backbone?
Answer:
a=
Primer RNA is RNA that initiates DNA synthesis. Primers are required for DNA synthesis because no known DNA polymerase is able to initiate polynucleotide synthesis. DNA polymerases are specialized for elongating polynucleotide chains from their available 3′-hydroxyl termini.
b=
The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.
tattooinggroup of answer choicesis the coloring the skin by applying natural dyes to the epidermis.can only be removed by cutting away the tattooed skin.can be removed by repetitive washing with soap and water.inserts ink particles into the dermis.inserts ink particles into the subcutaneous region.
The coloring of the skin by applying natural dyes to the epidermis can only be removed by inserting ink particles into the subcutaneous region.
What are the three physiological variables that influence skin color?The volume of blood in dermal capillaries, carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and different diseases are three physiological elements that influence skin color. If the entire epidermis is keratinized, the visible skin would become extremely hard and inflexible.
How many layers of skin are there?The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are the three layers of skin.
What makes up the epidermal layer?The epidermis layer is the outermost layer of your skin (the visible layer), and it is made up of both living and dead skin cells. It is only slightly thicker than a sheet of paper. New skin cells push old skin cells to the surface as they die.
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which of the following are methods used by biologists to distinguish different species? multiple select question. observing the outward appearance of individuals assessing whether the organisms occupy the same space determining evolutionary relationships and lineages determining if individuals physically interact with one another assessing the ability of individuals of different groups to successfully interbreed analyzing dna or other molecular sequences
The methods used by biologists to distinguish different species are: analyzing DNA or other molecular sequence
observing the outward appearance of individuals
assessing the ability of individuals of different groups to successfully interbreed
determinating evolutionary relationships and lineages
determining the organisms' ecological niches
Scientists use many ways to distinguish different species. Scientists use the DNA of organisms to look for similarities and differences in them. Based on these similarities and differences, they are able to distinguish species.
Assessing the physical traits of an organism also helps in differentiating it from other species.
Evolution is also a big key to determining the relationship and differences among species.
The place where an organism lives and its ecological nice also help in determining the differences and similarities in species.
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If a mutation occurs in a gamete, which of the following is most likely to result?
If a mutation occurs in a gamete, then the statement indicating that mutation will not always cause the offspring to be genetically disadvantaged. of is the most likely result of this change (Option 4).
What is a germinal mutation?A germinal mutation is any genetic modification produced during the formation of gametes, which are germinal cells that generate an individual. All germinal mutations are potentially inheritable, while somatic body mutations are not inherited because these cells are not used to generate an individual.
Somatic mutations are only inherited by the cell line which suffered such mutation and therefore may produce disequilibrium in the organism but not alters the genetic pool of the population.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a germinal mutation can be inherited and therefore affect the fitness of the population.
Complete question:
If a mutation occurs in a gamete, which of the following is most likely to result?
If the mutation occurs on a recessive gene, it will most likely be expressed.
If the mutation is non-disjunctive then an extra chromosome could be in every cell of the offspring.
The mutation will not always cause the offspring to be genetically disadvantaged.
The mutation will not be passed on to the offspring.
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When there is a failure to control the cell cycle, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth it is known as.
When there is a failure to control the cell cycle, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth it is known as cancer.
What is cancer?Cancer is a multifactorial disease associated with uncontrolled growth of a given cell type, which is generally caused by a failure in the factors that control the progression through the cell cycle. These failures are generated by mutations in the genes that control the cell cycle.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth and failure in the genes associated with the control of the cell cycle.
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If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be __________.
If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be paralyze.
What is nerve?The lag phase refers to the interval between a motor neuron's activation and the onset of muscle contraction (sometimes called the latent phase). A signal known as an action potential travels to the motor neuron's end during the lag period (axon terminal).
Acetylcholine is released as a result, and the motor end plate depolarizes. The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium as a result of the depolarization, and calcium then binds to troponin, exposing the myosin binding site.
The actual muscular contraction that creates tension in the muscle occurs next. The contraction phase is the following stage. Actin and myosin cross-bridges form during the contraction phase. Actin is moved by myosin, which also releases and modifies cross-bridges.
Therefore, If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be paralyze.
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which of the following is false regarding chemolithotrophic microorganisms? choose one: a. light absorption provides them with electrons. b. they include methanogens. c. they use inorganic compounds as electron donors. d. electron donors for respiration include fe2 , h2s, and nh 4.
a)Light absorption provides them with electrons
Light absorption provides them with electrons is false regarding chemolithotrophic microorganisms
What qualities do ETS cofactors possess that help the ETS do its function?
They enable minor energy transfers when they are reduced and oxidized. Correct Feedback: Smaller energy transitions in an ETS are made possible by ETS cofactors, which maximizes the protons' ability to cross the membrane.
Glycolysis is a metabolic process that occurs during both fermentation and cellular respiration. Glycolysis is the first phase of respiration.
There exist phosphorylated sugars. A. Glucose is decreased when hydrogen atoms are added.
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the lysis buffer used in this lab exercise is a generic bacterial lysis buffer. that means it does a decent job lysing common bacteria, such as gram positive and gram negative bacteria. lysozyme is included in this buffer to degrade peptidoglycan. thick layers of petidoglycan prevent the other components of the lysis buffer from being able to access and destabilize the cell membrane and, therefore, reduce lysis efficiency. if the lysozyme were to have been left out of the buffer when it was prepared, how would that influence the extractions that you performed?
(D) "There would be a minimal reduction in efficiency since both isolates were Gram negative." is how would that influence the extractions that you performed.
For the purpose of dissecting cells for use in molecular biology investigations that examine the labile macromolecules of the cells, lysis buffers are buffer solutions (e.g. western blot for protein, or for DNA extraction). To control the pH and osmolarity of the lysate, most lysis buffers include buffering salts like Tris-HCl and ionic salts like NaCl.
In healthcare settings, gram-negative bacteria can cause diseases such pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound or surgical site infections, and meningitis. Gram-negative bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to the majority of existing antibiotics, as well as to a number of other medications.
Since both isolates were Gram negative, there would be a little drop in efficiency.
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Question correction:
The lysis buffer used in this lab exercise is a generic bacterial lysis buffer. That means it does a decent job lysing common bacteria, such as Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Lysozyme is included in this buffer to degrade peptidoglycan. Thick layers of petidoglycan prevent the other components of the lysis buffer from being able to access and destabilize the cell membrane and, therefore, reduce lysis efficiency. If the lysozyme were to have been left out of the buffer when it was prepared, how would that influence the extractions that you performed?
A. There would be a marked reduction in efficiency since both isolated were Gram positive. Incorrect The extraction would fail as lysozyme is absolutely required.
B. Salmonella isoaltes would have minimally reduced efficiency while non-Salmonella isolates would have markedly reduced efficiency.
C. Salmonella isoaltes would have markedly reduced efficiency while non-Salmonella isolates would have minimally reduced efficiency.
D. There would be a minimal reduction in efficiency since both isolates were Gram negative.
how does the eukaryotic ribosomal small subunit recognize the start codon on the mrna?group of answer choicesit undergoes a conformational charge that recruits other proteins when it hydrogens bonds to the correct tri-nucleotide sequence.it binds an met-trna to the first aug codon after the kozak sequence.it wraps the mrna strand to bring initiation enhancer proteins into the vicinity of the start codon.it binds an met-trna to the first aug codon it encounters.it performs an atp hydrolysis within the small subunit once it encounters a met-trna already bound to the aug.
The statement "it binds an met-trna to the first AUG codon after the kozak sequence." is the correct answer to how eukaryotic ribosomal small subunit recognize the start codon on the mrna.
First option: This choice is incorrect since amino acids are connected to their associated tRNAs by activating ATP, a process known as aminoacylation of tRNA.
Option 2: This choice is appropriate. Once the tRNA is charged, mRNA attaches a met- tRNA to the first AUG codon following the kozak sequence.
Option three: This choice is incorrect. While recognizing the start codon on the mRNA, there is no conformational change in the tiny unit of the ribosome.
Option four: This choice is incorrect. The mRNA isn't wrapped by ribosomes. Instead, along the mRNA, ribosomes migrate from codon to codon.
Option 5: This choice is incorrect. The initial AUG codon, but before the kozak region, is where it binds a Met-tRNA.
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What is an advantage to the longer duration of cardiac action potential compared to the skeletal muscle action potential?.
Tetanic contraction is avoided by the longer duration of cardiac action potential, allowing the heart chambers to relax and fill with blood before the next contraction.
Compared to skeletal muscle, the refractory period of cardiac muscle is significantly longer. This avoids tetanus and guarantees that there is adequate time between each contraction for the heart chamber to fill with blood before the next one. Accordingly, cardiac muscle is benefitted with the longer duration of its action potential.
Similar to skeletal muscle, the influx of sodium ions results in an initial depolarization; however, the depolarization in cardiac muscle is sustained for a longer period of time thanks to the influx of calcium ions.
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How would a forensic scientist MOST accurately describe the chemical properties of a cup of gasoline?
OA. It is liquid and weighs two pounds.
OB.
It catches fires when lit with a match.
OC. It is slightly brownish in color.
OD. It is not very dense.
Answer: A. It is liquid and weighs two pounds.
Explanation:
A provides the most details and includes a quantitative measurement however an actual cup of gasoline does not weigh 2 pounds.
A nutrition facts label lists total fat as 10 grams and saturated fat as 4 grams. How many calories does fat provide?.
90 calories is the amount of calories does the fat consisting of total fat as 10 grams and saturated fat as 4 grams.
One of the six nutrients your body requires to be healthy is fat. Calories are produced by proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Protein and carbohydrates both contain 4 calories per gram. There are 9 calories in 1 gram of fat.
Similar to a teaspoon or an inch, a calorie is a unit of measurement. Calories are the units of energy used by your body during food digestion and absorption. A meal might provide your body extra energy if it has more calories. Knowing that there are 9 calorie per 1 gram of fat:
Total calories = 10 grams of fat x (9 calories/1 gram of fat)
Total calories = 90 calories
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The lytic cycle is one reproductive cycle that viruses can enter.
What is the name of the other virus life cycle?
A. Lytogenic
B. Lysogenic
C. Lysic
D.Lysosome
Answer: B. Lysogenic Cycle
Explanation:
wo friends are discussing physical and chemical changes. isabela says that when you eat, it is a physical change because when you chew, the food is only changed into smaller pieces. mirabel says that when you eat, it is a chemical change because your body digests the food as the chemicals in your body break down the food into energy. who is right?
When one eats, the food is not just changed into smaller pieces, digestion of the food starts right from the mouth. Thus, Mirabel is right.
Food digestionThe digestion of most food types starts from the mouth once they get mixed with the saliva in the mouth. The digestion process continues in the stomach and is eventually finalized.
The digestion of foods is a chemical reaction. That is, foods are not just churned into pieces, they undergo chemical changes through the activities of enzymes.
In physical changes, substances only change physically and not chemically. Thus, they can be retrieved in most cases. This is unlike what is obtainable with chemical changes. Both the physical and chemical properties of food become irreversibly changed with the digestive activities of enzymes.
Thus, Mirabel is right in her assertion while Isabela is wrong.
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in the meselson-stahl experiment, what was the expected composition of dna molecules after one round of replication, if the conservative model was correct?
Each DNA molecule would have a single density since it would be made up of 3/4 light and 1/4 heavy sections.
What does DNA stand for?Deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer made of two chains that coil around one another to form a double helix, is necessary for all known creatures, including many viruses, to develop, function, grow, and reproduce.
Nucleic acids include things like DNA and ribonucleic acid.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the molecule that contains the genetic data necessary for an organism to develop and perform its functions.
DNA is shaped like a double helix, which consists of two connected strands that loop around one another to resemble a twisted ladder.
DNA contains the atoms adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (T).
Therefore, each DNA molecule would have a single density since it would be made up of 3/4 light and 1/4 heavy sections.
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after glycolysis and the tca cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbons of glucose have been broken down to co2 with some net gain of atp. most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of
Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of NADH (D).
A co-enzyme called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is reduced by hydrogen atoms from the Kreb's cycle. The co-enzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide is another (FADH2), Typically, NADH2 moves hydrogen atoms into the mitochondrial matrix. Protons and electrons are spewed out of the hydrogen.
Proton motive force (PMF) pumps protons into intramembrane gaps from the matrix. As the proton diffuses back down the electrochemical gradient into the matrix, the high concentration of protons creates electrochemical gradients that provide the energy required for ATP production by the ATPase enzyme. Because of this, the energy from glucose is converted to NADH and used to synthesize ATP.
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Question correction:
Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of _____.
A. acetyl-CoA
B. NAD O
C. pyruvate
D. NADH
which of the following does not occur due to the effects of aging on the joints? select one: a. decreased range of motion b. decreased flexibility and elasticity c. increased production of synovial fluid d. weakening of muscles e. decreased tissue repair
Increased production of synovial fluid does not occur due to the effects of aging on the joints
Bones do not directly touch one another in a joint. They are padded by articular cartilage, which lines your joints, synovial membranes around the joint, and lubricating fluid inside your joints (synovial fluid). The amount of lubricating fluid inside your joints diminishes as you aging, and the cartilage gets thinner, making joint movement stiffer and less flexible. Joint stiffness is also often caused by the tendency of ligaments to shorten and lose some flexibility.
Lack of exercise is a major contributor to many of these joint changes that come with ageing. The fluid is kept moving by joint movement and the corresponding "stress" that comes with it. The cartilage contracts and stiffens with inactivity, decreasing joint mobility.
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Why is it important to base scientific theory and models on empirical evidence
Answer: Empirical evidence is any information you can collect through the processes of observation, experimentation or the use of human senses. Acquiring empirical evidence is a vital step in the scientific method, as it gives researchers the opportunity to collect, organize and study any data that results from their work.
thyroid hormones are principally concerned with the increase in metabolic rate of tissues that can result in certain effects. what are some of these effects? select all that apply.
Thyroid hormones are principally concerned with the increase in metabolic rate of tissues that can result in certain effects such as:
A) Increased heart rate
C) Increased body temperature
D) Increased cardiac output.
What is a Hormone?This is referred to as a chemical messenger which are produced by different types of glands and they are released directly into the bloodstream for action.
They control metabolic reactions and an example is the thyroid hormone which is located in the front of the neck. It controls growth and has other effects on the body such as increase in temperature and heart rate of the individual.
There is also an increase in the cardiac output due to the different reactions occurring which is therefore the reason why options A, C and D were chosen as the most correct choices.
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The full question is:
A nurse is describing the action of thyroid hormones to a client. The nurse would include information that thyroid hormones are principally concerned with the increase in the metabolic rate of tissues that can result in which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased respiratory rate
C) Increased body temperature
D) Increased cardiac output
E) Decreased oxygen consumption
in biological anthropology, why is it useful to examine sexual dimorphism? group of answer choices it is the study of sexual intercourse between primates. it varies with the pattern of competition among males. it relates to sexual courtship rituals in primates. it determines male and female social hierarchy.
It determines male and female social hierarchy
What is anthropology ?
Anthropology is the study of what makes people human. Anthropologists investigate all the various dimensions of the human experience from a holistic perspective. To learn how and what mattered to human groups hundreds or thousands of years ago, they turn to the past through archaeology.
Anthropology is the study of what makes people human. Anthropologists investigate all the various dimensions of the human experience from a holistic perspective. To learn how and what mattered to human groups hundreds or thousands of years ago, they turn to the past through archaeology.
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8. Marine animals live in salt water, which is a hypertonic environment, there is more salt in the water than in the cells. To prevent losing too much water from their bodies, these animals intake large quantities of salt water and then secrete the excess salt. Why is the balance of water molecules inside and outside the cell is extremely important for the survival of all organisms, including humans?
Every aspect of existence depends on balance, or homeostasis, so maintaining this equilibrium is crucial. Although the amount of water required by each organism varies, they all require a certain quantity of water in order to keep their internal environments balanced.
Evaporative cooling is the most effective method of removing extra body heat, hence maintaining body water homeostasis is essential for avoiding hyperthermia. The kidneys control water intake and excretion to maintain water balance. The former is accomplished through thirst sensations that spur water intake, whilst the latter is controlled by vasopressin's antidiuretic effects.
Maintaining homeostasis is essential for an organism to function properly. So an organism can function in a close to absolute equilibrium all because of balancing.
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what is it called when a concentration gradients are the same on either side of a membrane?
What does a carbon atom do during photosynthesis?
During photosynthesis, plants capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and water from the soil to carry out this process. What happens with carbon atoms is that they, with the sunlight action, will go to form glucose, whose chemical formula we can see it in the following:
[tex]6\text{ CO}_2\text{ + 6 H}_2\text{O }\rightarrow\text{ C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6\text{ + 6 O}_{2\text{ }}[/tex]What those 6 numbers tell us, is that for each 6 carbon dioxide atoms, plus each 6 water molecules, the process will be carried out, producing one glucose molecule, plus 6 oxygen molecules.
Question 1
In hydrolysis, large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.
O True
O False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Hydrolysis is the splitting of molecules with the addition of water
Produces in the upper part of the ocean get nutrients from
O river water that washes out to the ocean
O dead organisms floating in the water
O materials brought to the surface by upwelling
their roots, which grow into the ocean floor
1.What would happen to our growth and development if the pituitary gland is damaged or removed? Explain with example.
2.How do insulin and glucagon maintain blood glucose levels?
3.How is the development of secondary sexual characteristics , such as onset of meanstruation, growth of hair, and production of sperm and eggs related to gonads?
okk
If the pituitary gland is damaged or removed, our growth and development are adversely affected.
Insulin reduces blood sugar levels.
The development of secondary sexual characteristics is directly related to gonads.
What would happen if your pituitary gland can't work properly?The pituitary gland is known as the master gland of the endocrine system because it controls many hormone glands in our body. Without Pituitary glands, the body wouldn't reproduce and grow properly and many other functions are not working properly in our body.
Insulin reduces the blood sugar levels in our body and provides glucose to the cell for the production of energy. When blood sugar levels are too low, the pancreas releases glucagon in the blood with help of insulin. Glucagon is a type of hormone that pancreas help to regulate your blood glucose levels. The liver release stored glucose which causes the blood sugar levels in the body to rise.
The pubertal changes in secondary sex characteristics like breast development, fat deposition, development of genitalia, changes in the larynx, and hair growth lead to increasing levels of gonads.
So we can conclude that our growth and development are adversely affected if the pituitary gland is damaged or removed.
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PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer: C. Pollen as seeds can only be made when pollen is transferred between plants of the SAME
Remembering that proteins are made in cells that are 70% water- and water is polar-
describe how you might imagine that a protein spontaneously folds up into a complex 3D
shape.
The protein structure is divided into 4 levels. The primary structure is made up of peptide bonds connecting the amino acid chains. One's N terminus forms a relationship with another's C terminus.
The initial step of folding is secondary structure. The amino acid chain may create structures like the Alpha helix and Beta sheet by hydrogen bonding with itself.
How is protein structure impacted by polar?A protein's overall structure is impacted by the polarity of its amino acids. Due to the hydrophilic characteristics of the side chain, polar amino acid residues frequently occur outside of proteins.
The folding and intramolecular bonding of a protein's linear amino acid chain are driven by the protein's fundamental structure, or its amino acid sequence, which ultimately defines the protein's distinctive three-dimensional form.
When multiple amino acids combine to form a protein, each amino acid's special characteristics dictate how the protein folds into its ultimate 3D structure. The protein may carry out a particular job in our cells because of its structure.
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What is the structure below? Label all parts of this structure including the polar & no polar regions.
The structure present in the image is of a phospholipid. It has 2 components:
Hydrophilic, polar phosphate head.Hydrophobic, non-polar, fatty acid tails.A phospholipid is one of the main constituent of plasma membranes. It is an amphipathic molecule as it contains the hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic parts. The hydrophilic part is the glycerol backbone along with phosphate group attached to its terminal hydroxyl group.
The fatty acid chain is the hydrophobic portion of the phospholipid that appears on the inner side of the plasma membrane bilayer. One of the two fatty acid chain is unsaturated due to presence of double bonds that gives it a kink.
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