The difference between the first and second ionization energy of an element is second ionization energy is larger than first ionization energy.
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the electron . First ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove the electron from neutral atom such as M. while second ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove electron from positively charged ion such as M⁺.
first ionization energy is given as :
M ---> M⁺ + e⁻ , IE1
second ionization energy is given as :
M⁺ ----> M²⁺ + e⁻ , IE2
Thus, The difference between the first and second ionization energy of an element is second ionization energy is larger than first ionization energy.
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Summarize the formation of a base.
Bases can be formed by the direct combination of the elements that form the bases.
What are bases?Bases are substances that react with acids to form salt and water only.
Bases are usually oxides or hydroxides of metals.
Bases have the property of turning red litmus blue.
The formation of a base will involve the direct combination of the constituent elements.
For example, the formation of the bases magnesium oxide and ammonia is shown below:
Ammonia: N₂+ 3 H₃ ---> 2 NH₃
Magnesium oxide: 2 Mg + O₂ ---> MgO
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a 0.450 m solution of kcl needs to be prepared through dilution. a 2.00 m stock solution will be added to a 0.250 l volumetric flask and then water will be added to the 0.250 l mark. determine the volume (in ml) of the 2.00 m stock solution of kcl needed to produce this solution.
Taking into account the definition of dilution, the volume of the 2.00 M stock solution of KCl needed to produce the solution is 56.25 mL.
DilutionWhen it is desired to prepare a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one, it is called dilution. It is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.
The amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume of the solution increases.
A dilution is mathematically expressed as:
Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf
where
Ci: initial concentrationVi: initial volumeCf: final concentrationVf: final volumeVolume of the stock solutionIn this case, you know:
Ci= 2 MVi= ?Cf= 0.450 MVf= 0.250 LReplacing in the definition of dilution:
2 M× Vi= 0.450 M× 0.250 L
Solving:
Vi= (0.450 M× 0.250 L)÷ 2 M
Vi= 0.05625 L= 56.25 mL (being 1 L= 1000 mL)
In summary, 56.25 mL of stock solution are needed.
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Fatty acids that are broken down for energy production are utilized for which aspects of cellular respiration? choose all that apply.
Fatty acids that are broken down for energy productions are utilized for glycolysis.
What is glycolysis?Although the multiple choices are missing, you might be referring to these multiple choices: (a) Fermentation, (b) Glycolysis, (c) Pyruvate oxidation, (d) Citric acid cycle, (e) Electron transport chain. In that case, the correct answer is (b) Glycolysis.
Glycolysis refers to the breakdown of glucose or sugar (C₆H₁₂O₆), releasing energy and pyruvate (CH₃COCO₂H). Glycolysis is the first stage in the process of cellular respiration in organisms. Cells use glycolysis as a method to produce energy. Glycolysis is found in the great majority of organisms alive today.
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The ground pigment in which painting material combines with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium?.
Fresco is the ground pigment in which painting material combines with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium.
Fresco is a type of ancient painting where color is applied to a wet lime plaster surface while being suspended in alkaline limewater. Fresco is not to be confused with a patina layer that is put on dried plaster or limewash. They are known as Secco applications. Fresco must be applied while the plaster is still damp and is only intended for use on pure lime plaster.
It cannot be applied to plaster that has dried, cement, lime with cement, or lime stucco (also referred to as lime stucco). The coloured limewater will carbonate with the wet plaster throughout the curing process after being applied to it, becoming a permanent part of the lime plaster surface. Fresco as a painting material can be utilized inside or outside.
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Density of 85mL of water
Since water served as the foundation for creating the metric system of measurement, density is defined as mass divided by volume (=m/v), meaning that one cubic centimeter (1cm3) of water weighs one gram (1g).
The density of pure water is what.The density of water is typically expressed in terms of grams per milliliter (1 g/ml) or grams per cubic centimeter (1 g/cm3).
85-milliliter outcome
2.988 Ounces
0.1868 Pounds
84.719 Grames
0.0847 Kilograms
Weight at 80°F(26.7°c)
As the temperature drops, the water becomes denser. Water density reaches its maximum at 4 degrees Celsius.
Like a solid, a liquid's density is determined by dividing its mass by its volume, or D = m/v. Water has an average density of one gram per cubic centimeter. No matter the size of the sample, a substance has a constant density.
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the following steps are used to separate a mixture of sugar, sand, and nails list the letter of steps in the order they should be completed
The Water does not dissolve sand, but it does dissolve sugar. In order to dissolve the mixture in water. Sand will settle and sugar and water will separated combine to produce a solution.
Sugar can be obtained by the crystallization, while sand can be filtered and separated. The Filtration and evaporation can be used to separate the salt and sand mixture. Sand can be separated by filtering a mixture of sand and salt solution (salt dissolved in water). After filtering, sand remains as a residue on the filter paper. Now it is possible to make common salt by boiling the filtrate.
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What test can reveal the presence of calcite?
Describe some rock formations that are likely to be made of calcium carbonate
help pleasee
A good test for calcite is the test using acid and a rock formation that contains calcite is limestone.
What is calcite?We know that rock has to do with a solid mass that contains minerals. We know that many rocks are composed of various kinds of minerals that could be found inside the rocks. One of the minerals that could be found in rock is calcite which is composed of calcium carbonate. The presence of calcite can be tested by that addition of an acid which leads to the effervescence of a colorless odorless gas.
The rock formations that contain calcite are mainly limestone and and are known for their grey or white color.
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What do cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, and MDMA (ecstasy) all have in common?
Select one:
a.
They all increase the activity of the nervous system.
b.
They all cause hallucinations.
c.
They are all taken by people who want to relax or go to sleep.
d.
They are all very highly addictive both physically and psychologically.
Cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, and MDMA (ecstasy) have in common that they all increase the activity of the nervous system (Option a).
What are stimulant drugs?The expression stimulant drugs is used in biology and medicine to describe chemical substances that speed up the velocity in which messages are transmitted between nerve cells, which is common to caffeine, nicotine cocaine and ecstasy.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that stimulant drugs are able to increase the velocity in which messages are transmitted in the nervous system.
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A 3.00 L sample of paint that has a density of 4.65 g/mL is found to contain 33.1 g lead (II) nitride. Determine (A) how many grams of lead ion are in the paint sample? (B) How many ions of lead are in the paint? (C) what is mass percentage of lead in the paint/ What is the ppm?
1) Grams of lead.
Convert grams of lead (II) nitride to moles of lead (II) nitride
[tex]molofPb_3N_2=33.1gPb_3N_2\cdot\frac{1molPb_3N_2}{649.61gPb_3N_2}=0.0509lofPb_3N_2[/tex]Convert moles of lead (II) nitride into moles of Pb
[tex]\text{molesofPb}=0.0509molPb_3N_2\cdot\frac{3\text{molPb}}{1molPb_3N_2}=0.1527\text{molPb}[/tex]Convert moles of Pb into grams of Pb
[tex]\text{gofPb}=0.1527\text{molPb}\cdot\frac{207.2\text{ g Pb}}{1\text{molPb}}=31.64\text{ g Pb}[/tex]There is 31.64 g of ions of lead in the sample of paint.
If a silver ion has 47 protons and 46 electrons, what is the overall charge on the ion?
A) 0
B) +1
C) -1
Write about one example of a positive feedback in the human body. Name what the stimulus is and how the response impacts this stimulus. Someone please help me with this assignment
An example of positive feedback in the human body may be the increased production of a hormone in response to the products of the same hormone, a stimulus is a reaction produced as a consequence of a change in the environment, while a response impacts the stimulus to maintain homeostasis.
What is positive feedback?The expression positive feedback is used in biology to explain the output of a process that may feed the input of the same biological process, such as occurs when a hormone is synthesized depending on the concentration of its hormonal product.
Moreover, a stimulus is a change in conditions that surround an organism and it leads to a concomitant response to maintain the state of equilibrium which is referred to as homeostasis.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that homeostasis and stimulus are interrelated, which positive feedback is a response as the output of the same process.
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element x has two naturally occurring isotopes. if 72% of the atoms have a mass of 85 amu and 28% of the atoms have a mass of 87 amu, what is the atomic mass of element x?
The atomic mass of element x is 85.56 amu if 72% of the atoms have a mass of 85 amu and 28% of the atoms have a mass of 87 amu
The atomic mass of an element can be determined by first multiplying the percentage of its isotopes by their atomic mass and then adding the resultants together.
As 72% of the atoms have a mass of 85 amu and 28% have a mass of 87 amu, therefore
atomic mass of element x = (72% × 85) + (28% × 87)
atomic mass of element x = (72/100 × 85) + (28/100 × 87)
atomic mass of element x = (0.72 × 85) + (0.28 × 87)
atomic mass of element x = 61.2 + 24.36
atomic mass of element x = 85.56 amu
Therefore the atomic mass of element x is calculated to be 85.56 amu.
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Elements that readily gain electrons tend to have a
a) high ionization energy and low electronegativity
b) low ionization energy and low electronegativity
c) high ionization energy and high electronegativity
d)l ow ionization energy and high electronegativity
Answer:
C. high ionization energy and high electronegativity
Explanation:
When an electron is gained or lost from an atom or a molecule, an ion is formed. When a molecule or atom gains electrons, anions (which are negatively charged ions) are formed.
1. What are the units remaining after the conversions below? 35 POINTS
The units that are left in each case are;
1) mile
2) atoms
What are conversion factors?The term conversion factor has to do with the way that we are able to use a given set of numbers to be able to help us to convert from one unit to another. This is very important especially when we are dealing with something that involves calculations and makes the use of computational methods very easy.
Let us now look at the image that has been shown in the question. We have to recall that some units have to cancel out so that we can be able to get the target unit that we are looking for in the course of the conversion as shown.
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exactly 25.0 ml of an aqueous solution of strontium hydroxide required 32.0 ml of 0.200 m nitric acid to neutralize it. what is the concentration of the strontium hydroxide solution? give only your numerical answer and do not include the m. for example, 0.262 or 1.25.
Ba(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) ==> 2H2O(l) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) ... balanced equation
What is balanced equation?A chemical equation that is balanced has the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation. Subscripts are a component of the chemical formulas for the reactants and products that show how many atoms of the previous element there are in each.
note the stoichiometry ... 2 mols HNO3 for each 1 mol Ba(OH)2
Now we can use dimensional analysis and the noted stoichiometry to solve the problem:
32.0 ml HNO3 x 1 L/1000 ml x 0.200 mol / L = 0.0064 mols HNO3 used
0.0064 mol HNO3 x 1 mol Ba(OH)2 / 2 mols HNO3 = 0.0032 mol Ba(OH)2 present
Concentration of Ba(OH)2 = mols/L = 0.0032 mols / 0.0250 L = 0.128 M
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Beryllium, the first element in group 2, has an atomic number of 4. The second element in this group has an atomic number of?.
Answer:
I think 11 yeah.. try that
Explanation:
If 0. 75 g of a monoprotic weak acid required 22. 50 ml of 0. 510 m naoh to titrate it, what is the molar mass of the acid?.
The molar mass of the acid is 65 g/mol.
What is the molar mass of the acid?We know that the term neutralization is applied to the reaction between an ad and a base that produces salt and water only. In this case, we have been told that a monoprotic weak acid required 22. 50 ml of 0. 510 m sodium hydroxide to titrate it.
Let us recall that by the principle of the stoichiometry of the chemical reactions, the reaction between sodium hydroxide and a monoprotic acid has to be one is to one and we have to bear this in mind.
Thus;
Number of moles of sodium hydroxide = 22. 50/1000 L * 0. 510 M
= 0.0115 moles
This implies that 0.0115 moles of the acid was required also.
Since;
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Molar mass = mass/Number of moles
Molar mass = 0. 75 g /0.0115 moles
= 65 g/mol
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Figure 2 represents part of the structure of graphite.
Graphite is used as a contact in electric motors because graphite:
conducts electricity
is slippery
Explain why graphite has these properties.
Answer: Graphite is a soft lubricant and good conductor of electricity as it pi bonds.
Explanation: Brushes collect the current due to the induced emf from the armature coils. When a brush is at any particular commutator segment, it shorts out that particular coil and draws current from the rest of the coils.
If the brush is not exactly at the particular segment, say one half is in one segment and other half is in a different one, then it draws current in that proportion.
But the thing remains that, at any particular moment of time, the brushes are always shorting one coil. Now as it is a short circuit, if emf is induced in that coil, huge current will flow. To prevent this, brushes are positioned in such a way that the coil being short circuited has no induced emf in it.
Answer:
hahah
a.haahahkdog
Explanation:
the sentence is
WHAT IS A HYDRATE? please provide a detailed scientific answer
A Hydrate is a compound containing H2O molecules. The best-known hydrates are crystalline solids that lose their fundamental structure from the removal of bound water. Some examples of hydrate are Glauber's Salt ( sodium sulfate decahydrate, Na2.SO4.10H2O), Washing soda ( sodium carbonate decahydrate, Na2CO3∙10H2O), and the double salts known as alums.
In many cases, hydrates are coordination compounds CuSO4∙5H2O is actually [Cu(H2O)4]SO4∙4H2O where four molecules of water of hydration are coordinated to copper ion. Similarly, MgSO4.7H2O is actually [Mg(H2O)6]SO4∙4H2O.
Noble gases and hydrocarbon gases form crystalline hydrates called clathrate compounds which are relatively at low temperatures and pressure.
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What is 11.75 millimeters in meters
Answer:
in meters its 0.01175
Explanation:
Answer:
0.01175 meters
Explanation:
if 25.0 ml of 0.451 m naoh solution is titrated with 0.253 m h2so4, the flask at the endpoint will contain (besides the indicator phenolphthalein) as the principal components: a. sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and water b. dissolved sodium sulfate and water c. sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, and water d. dissolved sodium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and water calculate how much h2so4 acid is required to neutralize naoh.
The flask at the endpoint will contain (besides the indicator phenolphthalein) the principal component is dissolved sodium sulfate and water.
The amount of sulfuric acid needed to neutralize the sodium hydroxide is 0.010 moles.
The endpoint, both the reactants will be exactly equal to neutralize each other. The flask will contain [tex]Na_{2} So_{4}[/tex] and water. [tex]Na_{2} So_{4}[/tex] is highly soluble in water and so it will exist as a solution in water. No precipitate will be formed.
The endpoint of the titration of a strong base and strong acid is where the base is just neutralized by the acid. At the endpoint, neither the base nor the acid is in excess.
The reaction of NaOH with [tex]H_{2} So_{4}[/tex] is
2NaOH(aq) + [tex]H_{2} So_{4}[/tex] (aq) -------> [tex]Na_{2} So_{4}[/tex] (aq) + 2[tex]H_{2} 0[/tex](l)
A solution is any combination of one or more solutes that have dissolved in a solvent. Remember that the solvent has the maximum concentration of any chemical. There are many different types of solutions. For instance, a solute might be a gas, a liquid, or a solid.
A solution is made up of both a solute and a solvent. The solvent, which dissolves the solute, makes up the majority of the solution. There are many useful uses for liquids' capacity to dissolve other liquids or solids. Chemists can separate and purify materials and perform chemical analysis by taking advantage of variations in solubility.
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An atom with 12 electrons and 11 protons is what kind of atom?
A: an anion
B: an cation
C: an isotope
D: a neutral atom
Answer: It's an Anion
Explanation: It has gained 1 extra electron and so the atom is now a negatively charged ion called an Anion.
A chemical element is uniquely defined by its atoms, which are tiny pieces of matter.
An atom with 12 electrons and 11 protons is an anion.
What is meant by an atom?The smallest component of ordinary matter that makes up a chemical element is an atom. Atoms that are neutral or ionized make up every solid, liquid, gas, and form of plasma. Atoms are incredibly tiny, measuring typically 100 picometers across.
A chemical element is uniquely defined by its atoms, which are tiny pieces of matter. An atom is made up of a central nucleus and one or more negatively charged electrons that orbit it. The positively charged, relatively heavy protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus may be present.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A: an anion.
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New crust is found at the center of the _____, proving the movement of the seafloor and the surface of the Earth.
A. ocean
B. Himalayan Mountains
C. Earth
D. mid-ocean ridge
Answer: The newest, thinnest crust on Earth is located near the center of mid-ocean ridge—the actual site of seafloor spreading
Answer:
D. mid-ocean ridge
Explanation:
Suppose you prepare a 5 μ m solution of red dye and a 5 μ m solution of blue dye and observe them in two identical test tubes. Why might the blue dye solution appear more intensely colored than the red dye solution?.
The molar absorptivity of the blue dye is greater than the molar absorptivity of the red dye.
The Beer-Lambert Law equation is as follows
A = εcl
where; ε= molar absorptivity
A= absorbance
l = optical path length
c= molar concentration
The molar absorptivity of the blue dye;
1.30 x 10⁵ M⁻¹cm⁻¹
The molar absorptivity of the red dye :
2.13 × 10⁴ cm⁻¹M⁻¹
This is reason that the blue dye solution appear more intensely colored than the red dye solution
Following are the factors that can affect the molar absorptivity:
1.The amount of light absorbed by the substance for a specific wavelength.
2.The distance that the light travels through the solution.
3.The concentration of the absorbing solution per unit volume.
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How many moles of nitrogen, N , are in 67.0 g of nitrous oxide, N2O ?
Considering the chemical formula, 3.045 moles of nitrogen N are in 67.0 g of nitrous oxide, N₂O.
Chemical formulaChemical formulas use letters and numbers to represent chemical species. The letters are called chemical symbols and represent the elements present in the chemical species.
The numbers located to the right of each chemical symbol is a subscript that indicates the number of moles of the element present in that compound. If no subscript appears after a chemical symbol, this implies that there is only one atom of that element.
Moles of nitrogenThe molar mass of N₂O is 44 g/mole. If the molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole, this means that 1 mole of N₂O contains 44 grams of the compound.
On the other hand, 1 mole (or 44 grams, according to the definition of molar mass) of N₂O contain 2 moles of N. So, you can apply the following rule of three: if 44 grams of the compound contains 2 moles of N, 67 grams of the compound contains how many moles of N?
amount of moles of N= (67 grams× 2 moles of N)÷ 44 grams
amount of moles of N= 3.045 moles
Finally, there is 3.045 moles of N.
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. Which of the following statements is not correct? A. Density has no units. B. Every measurement has a unit tied to it. C. Physical quantities are properties that can be measured. D. the Kelvin degree is larger than the Celsius degree.
Answer:
A because density DOES have a unit
Explanation:
What chemical reaction occurs when the positive ion from one compound replaces the positive ion of the other compound to form two new compounds. represented by AB + CD = AD + CB
synthesis
decomposition
single replacement
double replacement
combustion
The chemical reaction that occurs when the positive ion from one compound replaces the positive ion of the other compound is double replacement
What is a double displacement reaction?
This is a type of reaction in which there is an exchange of ion between the reacting agent. The ion in one of the reactant replaces or displaces the ion in the other reactant to produce two new products.
The reaction between sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide illustrates a double displacement reaction
H₂SO₄ + 2KOH —> K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
From the above equation, we can see that K and H exchange to produce K₂SO₄ and H₂O
With the above illustration we can answer the given question as follow
AB + CD = AD + CB
The above reaction is a double displacement reaction since A and C exchange to produce AD and CB
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A solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) is added to a solution of hydrochloric acid. How many moles of potassium hydroxide would react with 1 mole of hydrochloric acid? (Hint: It may help to write out a balanced symbol equation for the reaction.)
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 1 mole of potassium hydroxide would react with 1 mole of hydrochloric acid
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
KOH + HCl → KCl + H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
KOH: 1 moleHCl: 1 moleKCl: 1 moleH₂O: 1 moleAmount of moles of KOHYou can see that the stoichiometric mole ratio of KOH to that of HCl is 1:1. This means that 1 mole of KOH will require 1 mole of HCl.
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Prior to the industrial revolution, what was the previous highest level of co2 concentration in the atmosphere over the prior 400,000 years?.
Prior to the industrial revolution, the previous highest level of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere over the prior 400,000 years was 300 ppm.
Before the Industrial revolution, the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere was lesser as there was not much carbon dioxide waste that was produced. The highest level of carbon dioxide recorded in the air was 300 ppm at that time.
After the industrial revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide increased. We can see the carbon dioxide concentrations to reach as high as 1.5 trillion tons today. This is because the formation of industries has been increasing since then which produces a lot of waste carbon dioxide.
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Help please!!
Match the selected genotypes with the appropriate description.
For natural selection to cause evolution, it must select for or against one or more of the genotypes for a trait. In the simple case of a trait that is determined by a single gene with two alleles, there are five combinations of genotypes that nature can select:
1. either homozygote (AA or aa but not both)
2. both homozygotes (AA and aa)
3. either homozygote and the heterozygote (AA and Aa or aa and Aa)
4. the heterozygote (Aa)
5. all alleles (AA, Aa, and aa).
An example of disruptive selection because both extremes are favored to survive is a Selection for the homozygous dominant (AA).
The CCRS-delta 32 gene provided immunity to a deadly disease of bacterial origin, bubonic plague. People who are homozygous for the CCR5-della 32 gene variant are completely immune, while heterozygotes only have partial immunity and homozygous recessive have none is a Selection against the heterozygote and one homozygote.
Sickle cell disease - homozygous dominant contract malaria, homozygous recessive die young from sickle cell, heterozygotes immune to malaria is Selection for the heterozygote.
This type of selection will result in the extinction of the species as all genotypes are at a selective disadvantage is a Selection against all genotypes.
Huntington's disease is a single-gene disorder caused by a malfunctioning gene on chromosome 4. It is an autosomal dominant disease, which means that only one copy of the gene needs to be defective is a Selection against the heterozygote.
What are homozygotes and heterozygotes?Homozygotes are organisms that have the same copy of alleles for a given trait. For example, if the allele for height is H and h where H is the allele for tallness while h is for short.
The genotype of the homozygotes will be HH or hh
Heterozygotes are organisms that have different copies of alleles for a given trait. For example, if the allele for height is H and h where H is the allele for tallness while h is for short.
The genotype of the heterozygotes will be Hh.
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