For ionic bonding, the net potential energy between two adjacent ions, EN, may be represented by the sum of Equations 2.8 and 2.9 from the text; that is, The binding energy 0 represents that point where EN is minimized. Derive an expression for the bonding energy in terms of the parameters A, B, and n. (Hint: first differentiate and derive an expression for r0, the equilibrium interionic spacing, in terms of A, B, and n. r

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

- [ A/[A/nB]^1/1-n +  B/ [A/nB]^n/1-n].

Explanation:

The mathematical representation for the net potential energy as described in the Question above is given below as;

En = -A/r + B/r^n.

Therefore, let's call the equation above equation (1). Hence, there is the need to differentiate equation (1) above wrt r.

(NB: wrt = with respect to)

Thus, [dEn/ dr] = 0. -------------------------(2).

d [ - A/r + B/r^n]/ dr = 0. -------------------(3).

A/r^2 - nB/r^n+1 = 0 ------------------------(4).

r^2/r^n+1 = A/nB ----------------------------(5).

r^1-n = A/nB -----------------------------------(6).

(1 - n )ln r= ln A/nB ------------------------(7)

ln r = 1/1 - n ln [A/nB] ---------------------(8).

r = e^ln(A/nB)^1/1-n ----------------------(9).

r = [A/nB]^1/1-n. ---------------------------(10).

Thus, put the value in (10) above that is r = [A/nB]^1/1-n into equation (1).

Hence, the bonding energy = - [ A/[A/nB]^1/1-n +  B/ [A/nB]^n/1-n].


Related Questions

There are a lot of energy sources found underground. Oil is a liquid, but what is this gas down here called? Natural gas!
We use natural gas to heat our homes and to make electricity. Because it is a gas, what is the best way to transport it?

Answers

Answer: The natural gas transmission system is primarily a giant international pipeline network, consisting of large, medium, and small-sized pipes. ... If transport by pipeline is not feasible, then natural gas is usually transported in its liquefied state, which has a temperature of -162 ° C and its density is lower than waters.

Explanation: Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position. Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. Batteries, biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and coal are examples of chemical energy

How many grams are in 4.25x10^21 molecules of sodium oxide

Answers

Answer: 0.37g

Explanation:avogadro number = 6.02214076x10^23 atoms/molecules per mole

a mole of Na2O = 2*23 + 16 = 52 g

4.25x10^21 atoms = 52*(4.25*10^21/6.02214076*10^23) = 0.37 g

How many valence electrons are in Sil4?

Answers

Answer:

12 valence electrons

Explanation:

Number of valence electrons: 2 carbons (2 x 4 valence electrons= 8e-) and 4 hydrogens (4 x 1 valence electron = 4 e-) added up gives us 12 valence electrons to work with: Counting the bonds we have made shows that we have used up 10 of the 12 valence electrons leaving us with 2 to complete the octets.

Is pH = 14 an acid, a base, or neutral? PLEASE HURRY

Answers

Answer:

it is a acid. the answer is acid

A pH of 14 means a basic substance. Acids are usually from -2 to before 7. 7 is neutral and higher than 7 is basic. Look at a pH scale.

Under what conditions would wind blow weakly or very little?
50 Points and Brainliest for right answer

Answers

Answer:

A gentle wind or when the wind blows slowly, it is called a breeze.

Explanation:

Breezes are the result of differences in air temperature. Warm air rises, leaving behind low pressure near the ground. Cold air creates high pressure and sinks to compensate; wind then blows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure to try to equalize pressures.

Answer:

under low pressure of air makes wind blow weakly or very little.

A student drops a piece of paper and records the time for the paper to hit the floor. The student then folds the paper in
half and repeats the process. The student does this four more times, each time, folding the paper in half. The student
always drops the paper from the same height.
The independent variable is the:

A. Dimensions of the paper

B. The time to hit the floor

C. The height of the drop

D. The temperature of the room

Answers

Answer:

The answer is: A - Dimensions of the paper.

Explanation:

"A" is the independent variable because it is the only thing that you are manipulating in each trial (i.e. folding the paper in half each time). "B" is the dependent variable because it is what you are measuring in every trial. "C" and "D" remain constant (they aren't changed at all) so they are neither dependent or independent variables.

Someone please help and thank you

Answers

Answer:

Hot plate

Explanation:

because it is the hottest and can melt the chocolate chips.

HELP ASAP

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) gets into the environment from burning of coal and oil. This pollutant is one of the major causes of acid rain, which is associated with the lower pH of soils, lakes, and streams and accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments. Sulfur dioxide is also a major cause of fine particulate pollution, which is a significant health concern as well as a pollutant that reduces visibility. Given that the electronegativity of oxygen is 3.5 and that of sulfur is 2.5 and the molecule has bent geometry, which of the following best describes the chemical bonding in sulfur dioxide?

A. ionic: transfer of electrons from sulfur to oxygen

B. nonpolar covalent: equal sharing of electrons between sulfur and oxygen

C. polar covalent: electrons shared between sulfur and oxygen but attracted more to the sulfur

D. polar covalent: electrons shared between sulfur and oxygen but attracted more to the oxygen

Answers

Answer:

C. polar covalent: electrons shared between sulfur and oxygen but attracted more to the sulfur

Explanation:

Sulfur dioxide is a polar covalent compound. Since oxygen has higher electronegativity, the shared pair of electrons are attracted towards oxygen. Hence, D is correct.

What is covalent bond?

A covalent bond is formed between two atoms when they share electrons each other. Sulfur and oxygen are 16th group elements. Both have a valency of two. And shares two electrons each to form double bond.

Electronegativity is the ability of an atomic nucleus to attract the bonded pair electrons When the bonded atoms have significant difference in their electronegativities, the shared pair of electrons attracts towards the more electronegative atom.

The more electron density on one atom and less on other atom make them partially charged and possess a permanent dipole moment making the compound polar.

In SO₂, the shared electrons are attracted towards oxygen which makes the compound polar. Hence, option D is correct.

To find more about covalent bond, refer the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/19382448

#SPJ2

After a reaction went to completion, the crude reaction mixture consisted of two compounds, A and B, which were isolated by extraction. After each compound was dried, their masses were found to be, 117 mg of compound A and 89 mg of compound B. Both compounds were individually recrystallized and weighed again. After recrystallization, the mass of compound A was 91 mg and the mass of compound B was 79 mg.
Calculate the percent recovery from recrystallization for both compounds.

Answers

Answer:

Percent recovery of A = 77.78%

Percent recovery of B = 88.8 %

Explanation:

Mass of impure compound A = 117 mg

Mass of impure compound B = 89 mg

Mass of A recovered = 91 mg

Mass of B recovered = 79 mg

Percent recovery of A = 91 mg/117 mg * 100

Percent recovery of A = 77.78%

Percent recovery of B = 79 mg/89 mg * 100

Percent recovery of B = 88.8 %

14. How are the molecules in oxygen gas, the molecules in hydrogen gas, and water
molecules similar? How do they differ?​

Answers

Explanation:

Well molecules are like points there scattered and you have to earn them you know so thanks for the points

Coloumb's Law shows that opposite charges (positive and negative) attract
whereas charges that are both positive or both negative repel and a TRUE or FALSE​

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

It is true that coulomb's law states that opposite charges attracts and similar charges repel one another.

Charges are of two different types which are:

   Positive charges

   Negative charges

As a general rule, opposite charges attracts. For example, positive charges attracts negative charges at all times.

Similar charges will repel one another. For example, positive charges and positive charges repel also, negative and negative charges repel one another.

Therefore, opposite charges attracts and similar charges repel.

In the process of underwater welding, a gas bubble is intentionally formed around the weld to protect it from water until it has cooled. To do so, a mixture of gas is used containing mole fractions of χH2=0.70 (70% hydrogen), χCO2=0.25 (25% carbon dioxide), and χCO=0.05 (5% carbon monoxide). If the total pressure on this gas bubble is 2.6 atm, what are the partial pressures of the three component gases (in atm)?

Answers

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Total number of moles of gases in the mixture; 0.70 + 0.25 + 0.05 = 1 mole

Partial pressure= mole fraction of gas × total pressure

Mole fraction of hydrogen = 0.7/1 × 2.6 = 1.82 atm

Mole fraction of CO2 = 0.25/1 × 2.6 = 0.65 atm

Mole fraction of CO= 0.05/1 × 2.6 = 0.13 atm

Draw the Lewis structure for the conjugate acid from the reaction of acetic acid with a generic acid (HA). Draw the molecule by placing atoms on a grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all lone pairs of electrons and any nonzero formal charges.

Answers

Answer:

The response to the question is as follows:

Explanation:

The complete query can be found in the attachment file please find it:

How can you minimize a collision summary

Answers

One of the ways to minimize a collision is to slow down: When you can't find an escape and you're definitely going to collide with something, you should slow your vehicle down as much as possible.

Hope this helps ^^

How much voltage is needed to get 3 amps to flow through a resistance of 6ohms

Answers

Answer:

18 Volt

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Intensity of the current (I): 3 AmpereResistance (R): 6 OhmRequired voltage (V): ?

Step 2: Calculate the required voltage

We have a continous current flowing through a resistance. We can calculate the required voltage using Ohm's law.

I = V/R

V = I × R

V = 3 A × 6 Ω = 18 V

Suppose you were to construct a barometer using a fluid with a density of 1.22 g/mL. How high would the liquid level be in this barometer if the atmospheric pressure was 755 torr? (Mercury has a density of 13.6 g/mL.)

Answers

Answer:

The liquid in this barometer would be 8416.393 milimeters.

Explanation:

Since hydrostatic pressure is directly proportional to fluid density ([tex]\rho[/tex]), measured in grams per mililiter, and height of fluid ([tex]h[/tex]), measured in milimeters.   Two barometers with distinct fluids are equivalent when both have the same hydrostatic pressure. Then, we construct the following relationship:

[tex]\rho_{w}\cdot h_{w} = \rho_{Hg}\cdot h_{Hg}[/tex] (1)

Where:

[tex]\rho_{w}[/tex], [tex]\rho_{Hg}[/tex] - Densities of fluid and mercury, measured in grams per mililiter.

[tex]h_{w}[/tex], [tex]h_{Hg}[/tex] - Heights of fluid and mercury columns, measured in milimeters.

If we know that [tex]\rho_{w} = 1.22\,\frac{g}{mL}[/tex], [tex]\rho_{Hg} = 13.6\,\frac{g}{mL}[/tex] and [tex]h_{Hg} = 755\,mm[/tex], then the liquid level of this barometer is:

[tex]h_{w} = \frac{\rho_{Hg}\cdot h_{Hg}}{\rho_{w}}[/tex]

[tex]h_{w} = \frac{\left(13.6\,\frac{g}{mL} \right)\cdot (755\,mm)}{1.22\,\frac{g}{mL} }[/tex]

[tex]h_{w} = 8416.393\,mm[/tex]

The liquid in this barometer would be 8416.393 milimeters.

Shown below is a table with plants and animals with their adaptations.
Using the description of plants and animals in the table above, which biome would all of these organisms would be best adapted to?

Answers

Answer:

Desert

Explanation:

The adaptation shown by the given plants and animals shows that they will adapted to the desert biome.

It is so because, due to high temperature of desert some desert animals like camel have the storage of fat in humps or tails; some animals have large ears such as Jackrabbits, it helps to release body heat and adapt in high temperature; plants have thick water holding tissues to reduce water loss in heat and waxy coating that keeps  the plants cooler and reduce moisture loss.

Hence, the correct answer is "Desert".

what is 0.0745 in scientific notation?

Answers

Hi! Here's the answer!

7.45E2 OR 7.45*[tex]10^{-2}[/tex]

(im pretty sure im correct, so if you'd like please give me brainly :D)

A base produces OH-1 ions when dissolved in solution
. True
. False

Answers

Answer:

i think its true

Explanation:

A scientist wants to monitor the amount of acid
precipitation falling into a watershed.
Which tool would be the best for the scientist to use?
A. pH meter
B. Dissolved oxygen sensor
C. Satellite images
D. Bioindicators

Answers

Answer:

ph meter

Explanation:

i just did this question

Answer: ph meter

Explanation: just did the quiz too

Which element easily gains one electron to form a negative ion?

A.
Lithium (Li)

B.
Flourine (F)

C.
Magnesium (Mg)

D.
Nitrogen (N)

Answers

The answer is “B” Flourine (f)
Flourine is the answer

The varlable that a scientist changes when conducting an experiment is called the
variable.
Omanipulated
O dependent
O responding

Answers

The answer is responding

Please help!! Need to know what it is!

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer will be 15

Answer:

15

Explanation:

it is fifteen. 15 heheheehehehhehehehehehhehehe

If the Titan lake froze, how would the change in kinetic energy attect the speed of the more
found in the lake?

Answers

The speed of the molecules in the lake will decrease due to decrease in the kinetic energy.

What is kinetic energy?

Kinetic energy is the energy due to the motion of particles.

Kinetic energy increases with increase in temperature.

Since the temperature of the lake decreases ad it freezes, the kinetic energy decrease and the speed of the molecules in the lake will decrease.

Learn more about Kinetic energy at: https://brainly.com/question/25959744

The measurements below were made on four different balances:

i. 7.5 g
ii. 7.33 g
iii. 7.5201g
iv. 7.490

A student takes a reading from a balance where the display fluctuates between 7.51 g and 7.55 g. Which of the four balances above was used?

a. iv
b. iii
c. i
d. ii

Answers

Answer:

d. ii.

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, according to the displayed decimal placed by each balance, we can notice that:

i. Displays 1 decimal place.

ii. Displays 2 decimal places.

iii. Displays 4 decimal places.

iv. Displays 3 decimal places.

Thus, since the measured-out masses have two decimal places each, we infer that the used balance was d. ii as it displays two decimal places.

Best regards!

plsss i need help asap ill give brainliest!!!

Answers

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Is there a question

Iron metal reacts with elemental oxygen to form rust according to the unbalanced reaction, Fe(s) + O2(g) → Fe2O3(s),. What is the coefficient of the iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3(s), in the balanced reaction?

a
1
b
2
c
3
d
4
Time left for this assessment:
50:27

Answers

Answer:

c. 3

Explanation:

The unbalanced reaction expression is given as:

          Fe  +  O₂  →   Fe₂O₃  

To balance the expression gives the coefficient of oxygen.

Assign the coefficients a,b, c and use a mathematical approach to solve this problem:

             aFe  +  bO₂  →  cFe₂O₃

Conserving Fe: a  = 2c

                    O:  2b  = 3c

Now let c = 1, a  = 2, b  = [tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex]

  Multiply through by 2,

             a = 4, b = 3 and c  = 2

 

               4Fe  +  3O₂  →   2Fe₂O₃  

The coefficient of O₂ is 3

Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes with thefollowing masses and natural abundances:
Isotope Mass ({\rm amu}) Abundance (%)
{\rm Si}-28 27.9769 92.2
{\rm Si}-29 28.9765 4.67
{\rm Si}-30 29.9737 3.10
Calculate the atomic mass of silicon.
b- When solutions of silver nitrate and calcium chloride aremixed, silver chloride precipitates out of solution according tothe equation
2\; \rm AgNO_3 \it (aq) \rm \;+\;CaCl_2 \it (aq) \rm \; \rightarrow \; 2\;AgCl \it (s) \rm\; + \; Ca(NO_3)_2 \it (aq)
What mass of silver chloride can be producedfrom 1.18 L of a 0.113 \it M solution of silver nitrate?
The reaction described required3.28 L of calcium chloride. What is the concentration of thiscalcium chloride solution?
c- A volume of 50.0 mL of aqueous potassium hydroxide (\rm KOH) was titrated against a standard solution of sulfuricacid (\rm H_2SO_4). What was the molarity of the \rm KOH solution if 23.7 mL of 1.50 M\rm H_2SO_4 was needed? The equation is
\rm 2KOH(\it aq\rm )+H_2SO_4(\it aq\rm )\rightarrow\rm K_2SO_4(\it aq\rm )+2H_2O(\it l\rm )
Then, Redox titrations are used to determine the amounts ofoxidizing and reducing agents in solution. For example, a solutionof hydrogen peroxide, \rm H_2O_2, can be titrated against a solution of potassiumpermanganate, \rm KMnO_4. The following equation represents the reaction:
\matrix{{\rm 2KMnO}_4(aq)+{\rm H_2O}_2(aq)+3{\rm H_2SO}_4(aq)\rightarrow&&\hfill\cr\hfill \qquad\qquad\qquad{\rm O}_2(g)+2{\rm MnSO}_4(aq)+{\rm K_2SO}_4 (aq)+4{\rm H_2O}(l)&&\hfill}
A certain amount of hydrogen peroxide was dissolved in 100.\rm mL of water and then titrated with 1.68 M\rm KMnO_4. How much \rm H_2O_2 was dissolved if the titration required13.8 mL of the \rm KMnO_4 solution?

Answers

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Relative atomic mass of silicon;

(27.9769  ×  0.9218)  +  (28.9765  ×  0.0471)  +  (29.9738  ×  0.0312) = 28.0891

2)

2AgNO3 (aq) + CaCl2(aq) ----> 2AgCl(s) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)

number of moles of silver nitrate = 1.18 L * 0.113 M = 0.133 moles

Since 2 moles of silver nitrate yields 2 moles of silver chloride

0.133 moles of silver nitrate yields 0.133 * 2/2 = 0.133 moles of AgCl

Since 2 moles of silver nitrate reacts with 1 mole of calcium chloride

0.133 moles of silver nitrate reacts with  0.133 moles * 1/2 = 0.0665 moles of CaCl2

n =CV

C =n/V = 0.0665 moles/3.28 L = 0.02 M

3) H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) -------> K2SO4(aq) + 2H20(l)

CA = concentration of acid = 1.5 M

VA = volume of acid  23.7 ml

CB = concentration of base = ?

VB= volume of base = 50 ml

NA = number of moles of acid =1

Number of moles of base = 2

From;

CAVA/CBVB =NA/NB

CAVANB = CBVBNA

CB = CAVANB/VBNA

CB = 1.5 * 23.7 * 2/ 50 * 2

CB = 0.711 M

4) Number of moles of KMnO4 = 1.68 * 19.8/1000 = 0.033 moles

If 2 moles of KMnO4 reacts with 1 mole of H2O2

0.033 moles of KMnO4 reacts with  0.033 * 1/2 = 0.0165 moles of H2O2

molar mass of H2O2 = 34 g/mol

mass of H2O2 = 0.0165 moles of H2O2 * 34 g/mol = 0.56 g of H2O2

How many moles of carbon dioxide are produced when 23.0 g of C3H2O3 is burned during the
complete combustion of C3H2O3?
O 33.0 mol
O 0.250 mol
O 0.750 mol
O 3.00 mol
O 0.0833 mol

Answers

Moles of Carbon dioxide : 0.75

Further explanation

Given

23 g C₃H₈O₃

Required

Moles of Carbon dioxide

Solution

Reaction

2C₃H₈O₃ + 7O₂ → 6CO₂ + 8H₂O

mol C₃H₈O₃ :

= mass : MW

= 23 g : 92,09382 g/mol

= 0.24975

From the equation, mol ratio of C₃H₈O₃ : 3CO₂ = 1 : 3, so mol CO₂ :

= 3/1 x mol C₃H₈O₃

= 3/1 x 0.24975

= 0.74925≈0.750 mol

To isolate a single variable when rearranging equations, move all other variables to the__________of the equation by using ________ on them and remembering to perform that operation _________. Make sure the rearrangement has the target variable

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

To isolate a single variable when rearranging equations, move all other variables to the other side of the equation by using its inverse operation on them and remembering to perform that operation on itself. Make sure the rearrangement has the target variable. For example, we can grab a simple equation such as the one below and isolate x.

x - 5y + 3 = 25 ... first we subtract 3 from both sides

x - 5y = 22 ... now we add 5y to both sides which will cancel out the 5y on the left

x = 22 + 5y

And we finally have the x variable isolated.

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