The cost will be:
Takeaway boxes - Variable cost
Rent - Fixed cost
Credit card bill - Variable cost
Ingredients - Variable cost
What are fixed cost?Fixed Costs are those costs that are immutable i.e they cannot be changed.
Variable Costs are those costs that change or vary with the rate of production. For example, if the production rate increases or decreases, they also increase or decrease. They are also known as a direct cost
Takeaway boxes - V This is because as production or demand increases takeaway boxes will also increase
Rent - F This is because whether production or demand increases or decreases, the rent remains the same
Credit card bill - V This is because as production or demand increases credit card bill will also increase
Ingredients - V This is because as production or demand increases demand will also increase
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the listing price of a property is established by: select one: a. the multiple listing service b. the owner c. the appraiser d. the listing salesperson and his broker
A property's listing price is determined by the listing salesperson and his broker.
What is the listing price of a property?In the real estate business, the list price is the proposed gross sale price of real estate property when it is placed on the market.
Breaking Down List Price
A listing agreement is a legally binding agreement between the property owner and the real estate broker. The sort of listing agreement dictates the nature of the connection between the two and what the real estate broker is expected to do. The listing agreement will also specify how the property will be promoted as well as the pay for the real estate broker. The list price is one of the problems addressed in the listing contract.
In some cases, a comparative market analysis may be the most effective approach for calculating a competitive list price. This sort of study is typically performed by real estate agents while researching the prices of comparable houses sold in the area. Because no two homes are precisely comparable, agents will make appropriate changes to account for variances among houses sold in a certain region in order to arrive at a reasonable list price.
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Given the following hypotheses:
H0: μ = 470
H1: μ ≠ 470
A random sample of 13 observations is selected from a normal population. The sample mean was 475 and the sample standard deviation 9. Using the 0.05 significance level:
a. State the decision rule. (Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answers to 3 decimal places.)
b. Compute the value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)
The decision rule that has been established in the question is reject H0 if t < - 2.179 or t > 2.179
The test statistic is 2.0058
Decision ruleGiven a level of significance of 0.05
degree of freedom = 13 - 1 = 12
the t critical value is ±2.179
if
t < 2.179: fail to reject the null hypothesis.
t > 2.821: Reject the null hypothesis.
How to solve for the test statisticWe have to solve for the test statistic using the values that we have here
we have the following values
sample mean = 475
the standard deviation = 9
mu = 470
The formula for the test statistic is
[tex]t = \frac{x-u}{s/\sqrt{n} }[/tex]
475 - 470 / 9 / √13
= 5 / 2.493
= 2.0056
In summary,
The degree of freedom df = 13 -1 = 12
t 0.025, 12. This test is a two tailed test
= ±2.179
a. The decision rule would be reject the null hypothesis if t < - 2.179 or t > 2.179
b. The value of the test statistic is given as 2.006
The test statistic that we have here c an be seen to fall between the two critical regions that we have in the question. The decision that we have to take would be for us to fail to reject the null hypothesis.
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Consider a four-year project with the following information: Initial fixed asset investment = $575,000; straight-line depreciation to zero over the four-year life; zero salvage value; price = $29; variable costs = $19; fixed costs = $235,000; quantity sold = 76,000 units; tax rate = 21 percent.
a. What is the degree of operating leverage at the given level of output? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
b. What is the degree of operating leverage at the accounting break-even level of output? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
a. The degree of operating leverage at the given level of output is 1.53.
b. The degree of operating leverage at the accounting break-even level of output is 2.63.
What will the leverage be?a. The depreciation per year will be:
= Cost / Life time
= $575000 / 4
= $143750
The degree of operating leverage will be:
= 1 + (Fixed cost / Operating cash flow)
= 1 + (235000 / 444937.50)
= 1 + 0.53
= 1.53
b. The degree of operating leverage will be:
= 1 + (Fixed cost / Operating cash flow)
= 1 + (235000 / 143750)
= 1 + 1.63
= 2.63
The above shows the calculation of the degree of operating leverage.
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markets in which funds are transferred from those who have excess funds available to those who have a shortage of available funds are called
Answer:
Financial Markets
Explanation:
Markets in which funds are transferred from those who have excess funds available to those who have a shortage of available funds are called Financial Markets.
What is a market?"The market can be defined as a place where goods or commodities, as well as services, are being exchanged. The market is a platform where buyers can buy particular products. And the merchandiser can easily sell their product or render their services."
As they are funds that have been needed because of the shortest that has occurred. It would have the financial market supplier more funds if there is a shortage it would maintain a market equilibrium and the economic position will also be stable in that condition. a financial market is always fluctuating depending on the demand and the need.
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it is important for a sales person to understand the specific wants and needs of prospective customers and then be able to create and communicate value to them. this is known as a
Customer strategy, Customer strategy, according to Merkle, is "a data-driven approach to maximizing the financial value of customers, by combining a profound understanding of customer needs
What is customer strategy ?
Customer strategy, according to Merkle, is "a data-driven approach to maximizing the financial value of customers, by combining a profound understanding of customer needs, behaviors, and value with the ability to engage specific customers in the best possible way at various touchpoints across the entire relationship with those customers."
The articulation of the unique value and experience your business will provide to a predetermined group of customers over the course of three to five years, along with the offerings, channels, operating model, and competencies you will need to achieve it, is what we mean by customer strategy.
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You are considering two savings options. Both options offer a rate of return of 8.3 percent. The first option is to save $1,500, $1,250, and $6,400 at the end of each year for the next three years, respectively. The other option is to save one lump sum amount today. You want to have the same balance in your savings account at the end of the three years, regardless of the savings method you select. If you select the lump sum method, how much do you need to save today?
If you select the lump sum method, the amount you need to save today is $7,409.20.
How much should you save today?In order to determine the amount you need to save today in order to have the same value in the future as the 3-year annuity, the present value of the annuity has to be determined.
The present value of the cash flows can be determined by discounting each of the cash flows at the rate of return and adding the discounted cash flows together.
Present value = 1500 / (1.083) + $1250 / (1.083²) + $6400 / (1.083³) =
1385.04 + 1065.74 + 5,038.42 = $7,409.20
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What basic function requires a manager to hire employees and coordinate the work of subordinates
The basic function that requires a manager to hire employees and coordinate the work of subordinates is referred to as the organizing function
This is further explained below.
What is an organizing function?Generally, Delegating power to subordinates and setting up channels of communication are both components of the organizational function of the management process.
In conclusion, The duty of organizing encompasses other activities as well, such as the creation of departments and the coordination of the work of subordinates.
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Using the aggregate expenditures-output model, if aggregate expenditures (aggregate demand) is $10 trillion and aggregate output is $10.3 trillion:
a. businesses will accumulate inventories, and output will decline.
b. real output will increase if the full-employment capacity of the economy is greater than $10.3 trillion.
c. inflation will be a problem if the full-employment capacity of the economy exceeds $10.3 trillion.
d. both b and c are correct.
Using the aggregate expenditures-output model, so if aggregate expenditures (aggregate demand) is $10 trillion and aggregate output is $10.3 trillion businesses will accumulate inventories, and output will decline.
When the aggregate expenditure is less than the aggregate output, the inventories will increase and prices will fall. Thus, the firms will then lower the production and also lay off workers in order to save on costs and lower prices to sell their inventory.
It is said that a change in the aggregate expenditures tends to circle through the economy - households buy from firms, then firms pay workers and suppliers, workers and suppliers buy goods from other firms, and so on.
Hence, option A is correct.
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in some years, the turkish government has paid wheat farmers an additional 50 cents on every bushel of wheat they sell. this money is an example of a(n)
Subsidy , Subsidies are a strategy used by governments to promote production and consumption in particular industries.
What is subsidy?
A subsidy is a direct or indirect government payment to people or businesses, typically in the form of cash or a targeted tax break. According to economic theory, subsidies can be used to reduce externalities and market imperfections to boost economic efficiency.
Subsidies are a strategy used by governments to promote production and consumption in particular industries. An industry can enable its manufacturers to generate more goods and services when the government introduces supplier subsidies.
A government incentive or subsidy is a type of financial assistance or support given to an industry typically with the goal of advancing economic and social policy. Although frequently provided by the government, a subsidy can refer to any kind of assistance.
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8. A manager is trying to decide whether to purchase a certain part or to have it produced internally.
Internal production could use either of two processes. One would entail a variable cost of $17 per
unit and an annual fixed cost of $200,000; the other would entail a variable cost of $14 per unit
and an annual fixed cost of $240,000. Three vendors are willing to provide the part. Vendor A has
a price of $20 per unit for any volume up to 30,000 units. Vendor B has a price of $22 per unit for
Chapter Five Strategic Capacity Planning for Products and Services
demand of 1,000 units or less, and $18 per unit for larger quantities. Vendor C offers a price of
$21 per unit for the first 1,000 units, and $19 per unit for additional units.
a. If the manager anticipates an annual volume of 10,000 units, which alternative would be best
from a cost standpoint? For 20,000 units, which alternative would be best?
b. Determine the range for which each alternative is best. Are there any alternatives that are never
best? Which?
217
Vendor B exists still the lowest so they exists the best from an overall cost standpoint. The best alternative is going to be vendor B because it is the lowest in both calculations.
How to find the cost standpoint?The best alternative is going to be vendor B because it is the lowest in both calculations.
First of all, we would calculate 10,000 Units
The Total cost here = Fixed cost + Variable cost
Total Cost for Int1:
200,000 + 17 × 10000 = 200,000 + 170,000 = 370000
Total Cost for Int 1:
240,000 + 14 × 10000 = 240000 + 140000 = 380000
Total Cost for Vendor A:
20 × 10000 = 200000
Total Cost for Vendor B:
18 × 10000 = 180,000
Total Cost for Vendor C:
21 × 1000 + 19 × 9000 = 192000
We can see that Vendor B is the lowest. It is best from an overall cost standpoint
Secondly, we have to calculate for 20000 units
The Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost
Total cost for Int1:
200,000 + 17 × 20000 = 200,000 + 340,000 = 540000
Total cost for Int 1:
240,000 + 14 × 20000 = 240000 + 280000 = 520000
Total Cost for Vendor A:
20 × 20000 = 400000
Total Cost for Vendor B:
18 × 20000 = 360,000
Total cost for Vendor C:
21 × 1000+19 × 19000=382000
Vendor B exists still the lowest so they exists the best from an overall cost standpoint.
The complete question is:
A manager is trying to decide whether to purchase a certain part or to have it produced internally. Internal production could use either of two processes. One would entail a variable cost of $17 per unit and an annual fixed cost of $200,000; the other would entail a variable cost of $14 per unit and an annual fixed cost of $240,000. Three vendors are willing to provide the part. Vendor A has a price of $20 per unit for any volume up to its maximum capacity of 30,000 units. Vendor B has a price of $22 per unit for demand less than 1,000 units and $18 per unit for larger quantities. Vendor C offers a price of $21 per unit for the first 1,000 units and $19 per unit for additional units.
a. If the manager anticipates an annual volume of 10,000 units, which alternative would be best from a cost standpoint? For 20,000 units, which alternative would be best? (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
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if the total book value of the assets of the accounting entity is $4,350,000, and the total liabilities of the accounting entity are $1,235,000, the stockholder's equity in the accounting entity is
The stockholder's equity in the accounting entity is $3115000.
What is book value?In accounting, an asset's book value is its value[1] as expressed by the balance in its balance sheet account. Asset values are determined by subtracting any depreciation, amortization, or impairment expenses from the asset's initial cost. The total assets of a corporation, less intangible assets and liabilities, are often considered to be its book value. However, in actuality, the inclusion of goodwill, intangible assets, or both may vary depending on the methodology used to calculate book value. The value of a company's personnel, which makes up a portion of its intellectual capital, is never taken into consideration. The term "tangible book value" is frequently used to specify the statistic when goodwill and intangible assets are specifically omitted.
In the UK, the phrase "net asset value" might apply to book value of a company.
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Melissa has been an assistant at Star Equity Bank for more than 14 years. She earns a good salary and has made friends at work, but she has been passed over for promotion twice and feels that no one appreciates her abilities and skills. Melissa is concerned with satisfying her
Since Melissa has been an assistant at Star Equity Bank for more than 14 years. Melissa is concerned with satisfying her self-actualization.
What does Maslow mean by self-actualization?
In his "Hierarchy of Needs" theory of human motivation, Maslow made reference to self-actualization, the highest level or stage. The highest-order motivations, according to the hierarchy of needs, are those that push us to reach our "ideal self" and accomplish our full potential.
Therefore, Self-actualization refers to achieving one's full potential. Since most individuals are working to meet more urgent wants, it sits at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and is regarded as the exception rather than the rule.
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Your manager is very concerned about the cost of hiring the three new employees needed for your unit. As a result, she doesn’t want to post the advertisement in a variety of places; she thinks it’s best to just use a “refer a friend” recruitment strategy. When she moves forward with this strategy, ten people turn in résumés. Upon looking further, it appears all applicants went to the same private religious college and graduated around the same time. You are concerned that this method of recruitment lacks diversity.
1. How would you handle this matter with your manager?
By using a “refer a friend” recruitment strategy, the recruitment lacks diversity, so I would suggest my manager to try both the ways - external recruitment and employee referrals.
The manager can place the recruitment application on job search websites which offers free of cost services to hire people. He can use social media of the organization and can advertise about the open positions. Open positions can also be posted on the company's website.
External recruitment helps in adding perspectives, enhancing diversity and finding a specialized candidate.
Employee referrals recruitment lacks diversity, may develop an "us versus them" mentality and the strongest candidate may not be selected.
Both the methods have their own pros and cons, so they should be used judicially while recruitment.
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a firm's strategic profile based on value creation and cost is called its ______.
A firm's strategic profile based on value creation and cost is called its strategic control. Value drivers fall into three categories: growth drivers, efficiency drivers, and financial drivers. As seen in Figure 1, businesses often manage these value drivers in four different ways.
The exact tasks that will have the biggest impact on performance in each area can be given top priority by management by focusing on value drivers. Business-level strategies look at how companies contend in a certain sector. The executives of companies decide whether to base their competitive advantage on pricing or differentiation, and whether to focus their activities on a wide or the confined market. These decisions determine the firms' resulting strategy.
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What is a reason to pay more than the minimum payment due on your
credit statement each month?
Your credit utilization rate stays the same.
It takes more time to pay off a balance.
You save money on interest.
It hurts your creditworthiness.
Your credit utilization rate stays the same is a reason to pay more than the minimum payment due on your credit statement each month. The use of your credit card throughout a billing period is summarized in your credit card statement.
A credit card provider, such as Discover or American Express, will credit money to your account as a statement credit. Although it is taken out of your card balance, it won't contribute to your minimum payment. By login into your online credit card account and going to the statement information, you can access your credit card statement at any time.
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fedex is a great example of a company that created a competitive advantage through combining mis and _______________.
FedEx is a great example of a company that created a competitive advantage by combining mis and traditional distribution and logistics processes.
If we evaluate FedEx and seafloor offerings, u.s.is usually faster than FedEx. one of the possible reasons for this is that u.s.a.has a bigger fleet of vans in the united states of America and, therefore, is capable of procedure and reaching numerous places faster than FedEx.
FedEx tries to touch the Recipient earlier than shipping, to ensure that the Recipient continues the fee at the time of delivery. FedEx returns the fee to the Shipper with whole visibility of the popularity of the shipment and price series on fedex.com/in. A charge of INR. a hundred sixty-five/- is applicable per Waybill for C.O.D.
One of the most common reasons that FedEx will delay a bundle is due to the fact they themselves decide that it wishes to be delayed, both to be in addition scrutinized, further investigated, or similarly searched via by way of the necessary authorities.
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Josh Alcazar, CFO of 888 Corp is analyzing two investments Investment A and Investment B. Fast
year, the investment & had a market value of $130,000, and Investment 8 of $180,000. During the
year investment A generated actual income of $6,000 and Investment 8 of $8,500. Today, the actuall
market values for the investments are, respectively, for A, $130,000 and for B, $182,000.
A. Calculate the expected rate of return on investments A and B for the year. (6 pts.)
The rate of return on Investment A is 4.6153% and the rate of return on Investment B is 5.8333%.
How to calculate the rate of return?Today actual market value of Investment A 130,000
Today actual market value of Investment B 182,000
Formula to calculate the expected rate of return on investment is:
Rate of Return in % = [((Current Value - Initial Value) + Actual return) / Initial Value] × 100
Rate of Return Investment A =
[((130,000-130,000)+6,000)/130,000]×100
= 4.6153%
Rate of Return Investment B =
Rate of Return in % = [((Current Value - Initial Value) + Actual return) / Initial Value] × 100
[(182,000-180,000)+8500)/180,000]×100
= 5.8333%
Return on Investment B is 5.8333%.
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If my account was disabled on July 22, 2022 and I was told to wait 90 days before it can be restored. Which month and what day will that be??
Answer: October 20, 2022
Explanation:
Your starting date is July 22, 2022 so that means that 90 days later would be October 20, 2022.
If my account was disabled on July 22, 2022 and I was told to wait 90 days before it can be restored. Which month and what day will that be??
October 20, 2022
Gabriela and Johnny are shopping for economics textbook. Gabriela is prepared to pay $120, while Johnny is prepared to pay $45. If the price of the economics textbook is
$55, how much total consumer surplus is generated in this market?
The total consumer surplus generated in the market is $75.
What is the consumer surplus?Consumer surplus is the difference between the amount a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service and the price of the good. There is a negative relationship between consumer surplus and the price of a good or service. A the price of the good increases, consumer surplus decreases. If the price of the good deceases, consumer surplus would increases.
When price increases, the consumer surplus decreases and when price decreases, the consumer surplus increases. A consumer would only purchase a good if the price she is willing to pay for the good is higher or equal to the price of the good. Using this analogy, Johnny would not purchase the economics textbook because he would consider it to be too expensive. Only Gabriela would purchase the textbook.
Consumer surplus = willingness to pay – price of the good
Consumer surplus for Gabriela = $120 - $45 = $75
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Answer: The Consumer surplus is $75
The unemployment rate is calculated by taking the number of unemployed people and dividing it by the working labor force. What is the unemployment rate if the labor force is 780 people and 290 are unemployed?
A. 55.6%
B. 41.4%
C. 37.2%
Answer:
C aka 37.2%
Explanation:
290÷780=0.371.....
0.371..... × 100 = 37.179.....
when rounded = 37%
May 3. Received cash from clients as an advance payment for services to be provided and recorded it as unearned fees, $4,500.
The following information relates to Wildhorse Co. for the year 2022.
Retained earnings, January 1, 2022
Dividends during 2022
Service revenue
Salaries and wages expense
Your answer is incorrect.
$51,840
5,400
Net income/(loss) $
67,500
30,240
After analyzing the data, compute net income.
Advertising expense
Rent expense
Utilities expense
Other comprehensive income (net of tax)
$1,940
11,230
3,350
430
The net income is given as $20,740.00, the comprehensible income is given as $21,170.00
What is net income?This is the term that is used to refer to the earnings that would be made from a business minus the cost that was incurred for the business.
How to solve for the net incomeThe net income is given as the revenue - expenses.
The revenue = $67500
other expenses would be = salary + advert + rent + utility expenses
This is given as
30240.00 + 1,940.00 + 11,230.00 + 3,350.00 = 46,760.00
The net income = $67500 - 46,760.00
= $20,740.00
The comprehensible income is given as $20,740.00 + 430 = $21,170.00
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how to do this questions?
The Net Income for 2018 after all income and money used will be $320.40.
Total Sales = $3,060
Receiving goods price =$ 1,800
Total Money used = $600
Earnings before = $660
Money used = $126
Earnings before =$ 534
40% =$ (534 × 40%)
=$ 213.60
Net Income for 2018 = $320.40
What is Net Income?
The amount earned by an individual or business after costs, allowances, and taxes is referred to as net income. Net income is the amount that remains after all costs, such as salaries and wages, the cost of goods or raw materials, and taxes, have been paid. Net income is the amount that a person keeps after paying taxes, health insurance premiums, and retirement contributions.
So, The correct option is C.
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A hotel is only as good as its management team. Discuss the pros and cons of having a small management team consisting of just three people. Would you like to work in a hotel with such a small management team?
It is to be noted that the size of a management team does not matter as much as the quality of the management team.
What makes a good management team?The following factors help make a good management team:
communication skills, active listeners, goal setting, creating a positive culture, and oftentimes project planning.A great management team is frequently driven, single-minded, and tough but fair. They understand how to turn the founders' vision and mission into a reality.
They develop and implement strategic and tactical business plans, make difficult decisions, and understand the realities of having to balance customer expectations with commercial reality.
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A District Assembly is considering establishing a wood processing plant under the One- District-One-Factory programme. The initial cost estimation for the plant is GH¢ 500,000. The District has secured funds at an annual interest rate of 30%. The expected annual free cash flows from the plant are as follows:
1.
a) Calculate the payback period for this project.
b) What does this figure in (a) mean?
c) Explain the term Net Present Value
d) What is the NPV of the above project? Interpret your result.
Answer:d
Explanation:
Select the correct answer.
Stratus Inc. entered into an agreement with an Indian company, with Stratus providing equipment, products and supplies, and training staff. Which
type of global business is this?
A. franchising
B. licensing
C. foreign direct investment
D. exporting
Answer:
A
Explanation:
it is the only one that makes sense.
pls mark brainliest
Esteban is the operations manager of a clock manufacturing company. He develops a few quality check procedures that would help the workers identify incorrect
placing of clock faces. After discussing with his team, he decides to incorporate these procedures in the work flow. In this scenario, Esteban follows the total quality
management (TQM) approach by using_?
Esteban employs the total quality management (TQM) approach in this scenario by utilizing poka-yokes.
What exactly is total quality management (TQM)?
Total quality management (TQM) is the continuous process of detecting and reducing or eliminating manufacturing errors, streamlining supply chain management, improving the customer experience, and ensuring that employees are properly trained.
Total quality management seeks to hold all parties involved in the manufacturing process accountable for the overall quality of the final product or service.
What is the Purpose of Total Quality Management?
TQM oversees all activities and tasks required to maintain a desired level of excellence within a business and its operations. This includes establishing a quality policy, developing and implementing quality planning and assurance, as well as quality control and quality improvement measures.
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in 2014, the action movie john wick made about $14.5 million in its opening weekend. in 2017, john wick: chapter 2 made about $30.5 million in its opening weekend. the consumer price index in 2014 was 236.7. if the consumer price index in 2017 was 245.1, how much did the first john wick movie make in 2017 dollars?
The first John Wick movie made $15 million in 2017 dollars.
Consumer Price Index: The consumer price index (CPI) tracks variations in the average price of products and services that a reference population buys, uses, or pays for consumption over time.
Consumer price index is a broad index that estimates price changes in a basket of products and services that is representative of consumer spending in an economy. The CPI estimating process involves some very precise calculations.
What does the CPI for 2022 look like?
The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers grew 9.1% in the year that ended in June 2022.
If the CPI increases, it indicates that the average rate of change in price over time has increased. Over time, this results in modifications to the cost of living and income (presumably so that income is adjusted to meet a higher cost of living). Indexation is the name given to this procedure.
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico that took effect in 1994. It eliminated many tariffs and restrictions to allow free trade among these countries.
Discuss the positive and negative effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement on the United States. Support your conclusions with examples and evidence from the lesson.
The positive effects that Nafta had was that it
increased trade It brought better prices for goodsIncreased foreign investmentLed to raised output in the nationsThe negative effects of NAFTA were:
Mexico lost in the forms of farm jobsNations had to export the farm products below their exported costsWhat is NAFTA?This is the term that is used to refer to the North American free trade agreement that helped to establish free trade in the region between the member nations.
This helped in the removal of tariffs from all that had to do with trade in the North American region.
The positives were that it helped to bring about more economic opportunities for the members involved. They could trade more and better with themselves.
The negatives is from the fact that the exports that were made in some cases were a loss to the people that would export these products in the market at the time.
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a company sold 20,000 units of its product for $20 each. variable cost per unit is $11. fixed expenses total $150,000. the company's contribution margin is ______.
A company sold 20,000 units of its product for $20 each. variable cost per unit is $11. fixed expenses total $150,000. the company's contribution margin is $180,000
The contribution margin can be stated on a gross or per-unit basis. It represents the incremental money generated for each product/unit sold after deducting the variable portion of the firm's costs. The difference between a product's sale price and the variable costs related to its manufacture and sale is calculated as the contribution margin. The following formula is used to express this:
C= R-V
Contribution margin = 20,000 x ($20-$11)
= $180,000
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