Answer:
Corruption has acquired the status of a continental emergency in Africa. But this is not another pontification on corruption. Rather, it is a polemical disavowal of a few popular stereotypes and fallacies on corruption in Africa. It is laced, for good measure, with a few contrarian perspectives on the phenomenon.
One of the most insightful attempts to explain the cultural basis of political corruption in Africa contends that patronage ties between regular Africans and the political elite place informal obligations and demands on the latter, obligations which are often fulfilled through corrupt enrichment. Corruption in this explanation has many participants besides the politician or bureaucrat who actually engages in the act. It is an explanation that understands corruption through the prism of mass complicity and cultural toleration.
This explanation captures some of the reality of corruption in Africa. The typical African politician does not only grapple with financial pressure from family but also from kin, clan, hometown, and ethnic constituents. Indeed, the network of people that makes corrupt acts possible and sometimes undetectable includes not just politicians and state bureaucrats but also family members, friends, ethically challenged financial and legal experts, and traditional institutions of restraint. In Africa, corruption is indeed a group act.
Because of the absence of state welfare institutions in much of Africa, political constituents expect politicians representing them to cater to their quotidian and small-scale infrastructural needs. It is generally understood and quietly tolerated that a politician has to rely on his informal access to public funds to satisfy these informal requests for patronage and largesse. Many Africans euphemistically call this “patronage politics.” They may tolerate and normalize it as African grassroots politics. To Western observers, it is corruption at its crudest.
One can argue that this is a product of the nexus of over-centralized power, access to resources, and ethnic competition (which are features of most African countries), but this hardly accounts for the multi-ethnic and socially diverse cast of actors in most corruption scandals in Africa. Or for the fact that in much of continent, corruption is often the reason why overly centrist, patrimonial, and illogical states endure and not vice versa. The tragedy of many African countries—Nigeria particularly stands out—is that corruption and patronage politics are the recurring baselines of political compromise and consensus among self-interested but bitterly divided political elites.
True as it may be, it is very easy to overtate the argument about how the nature of the states inherited from colonial times sustains corruption in Africa. Such an overstatement often elides more socially embedded, low-level, and less obvious platforms that support and legitimize corrupt acts—or at least make them seem normal. This pseudo-cultural normalization of corruption is one of the biggest obstacles in the way entrenching transparency in government bureaucracies in Africa.
Nothing encapsulates this reality more than the pervasive Nigerian fad of traditional chieftaincy institutions dolling out titles to citizens whose source of wealth is questionable at best. What does one make of African universities that routinely give out honorary degrees to patently corrupt donors? Or churches and mosques that project demonstrably corrupt members as models of piety, accomplishment, and Godly favour?
What these practices do is to invest and implicate many Africans indirectly in the phenomenon of corruption. They are subtle and invidious, but they work to co-opt many Africans, even without their self-conscious consent, into the cultural and religious contexts in which corrupt acts and corrupt persons find rehabilitation and validation.
The result is that many Africans, even while expressing outrage against corruption privately, are publicly indifferent to its manifestation, especially if they are situated in social networks that benefit from the patronage politics through which corruption thrives. As a result they may feel too culturally complicit to take a stand. This kind of complicity makes official policy against corruption difficult because it mitigates the public pressure necessary for official action against corruption.
But Africans also draw clear moral lines in their narrative on corruption. Their tolerance for patronage and its lubrication by state resources does not prevent them from condemning the abuse of this kind of politics by greedy politicians. Nor does it blind them to the political excess of treasury looting for purely personal enrichment.
Why did the military hold war maneuvers in Louisiana in the early 1940s? Check all that apply. to help train soldiers for war to test tanks and other vehicles to help uphold the isolationist position to prepare the region for future attacks to practice military strategies and techniques to test new weapons and forms of ammunition
Answer:
A,B,E,F
Explanation:
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a. - b. - e. - f.
are the reasons why the military held war maneuvers
Zoe decided to measure the hand length of each other of her classmates.
Answer:
and.....?
Explanation:
What is the difference between a city-state and an empire?
Answer:
In a group of city-states, each city-state is independent and rules by its own king. No central power controlled all of the city-states. In an empire, consisting of a nation and the city-states and nations it has conquered, one ruler is in control.
Explanation:
Answer:
In a group of city-states, each city-state is independent and rules by its own king. No central power controlled all of the city-states. In an empire, consisting of a nation and the city-states and nations it has conquered, one ruler is in control
Why were many Texans for annexation?
Answer:
At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States. ... His official motivation was to outmaneuver suspected diplomatic efforts by the British government for emancipation of slaves in Texas, which would undermine slavery in the United States.
got this from go-ogle :)
hope I helped have a good day/night
Explanation:
do you agree that women and men should always be treated the same way give 3 reason to justify your answer
You’re leading a small social media team, and need to green-light and publish all social posts created/scheduled by your team. However, you’re time-poor and rarely sitting at your desk. What tools do you and your team need to effectively collaborate on drafts and publish posts while on the go?
Answer:
In simple words, there could be many digital tolls that can help me and my team to operate our activities in more efficient and effective manner . Some of the best tools to use in such situation are as follows :
Cloud
Alerts on Hootsuite
Online software Hootsuite
Planner Hootsuite
The Drafter Incorporation by Hootsuite
Amplifying
Composer Hootsuite
For some, the election of Andrew Jackson brought a revolutionary change in politics for the common man as opposed to it being a continuation of the trend toward greater voter participation. Support, refute, or modify this statement using specific evidence.
Answer and Explanation:
Jackson, in fact, provoked a revolution in the country, however, his ideas and goals cannot be generalized as positive and beneficial for the progress of humanity, since many of his policies, wished to keep the population with low economic, social and political. Jackson was a populist and designed a progressive policy that challenged existing democratic concepts, he maintained his commitment to meet the wishes of the majority, but often, the majority did not represent the social necessity, making many of his policies have results unwanted.
What is a divergent plate boundary( this is actually science)
Plz help meh
What is the simplest form of 4
-
8
Answer:
1/2
Explanation:
thats 4/8 right it just looks weird
well you can divide both the numbers by 4 and that is the biggest number you can divide by so 1/2 is the simplest form
The First Amendment rights to freedom of speech and press are important because they -
A. allow people to criticize the government without fear of being punished
B. prevent special interest groups from having influence on political elections
c. help to ensure that the news and other media remain free of bias
D. allow people to exercise their democratic rights on Election Day
Answer:
A
Explanation:
An eyewitness to a crime who is viewing a lineup may believe that, when uncertain, it is better to choose someone from the lineup, increasing the chance that the culprit will be caught, than to reject the lineup, even though rejecting the lineup decreases the chance that an innocent person will be wrongly accused. Which of the following concepts from class is this most related to?
a) loss aversion
b) the self-reference effect
c) subjective utility
d) the availability heuristic
what is our identity
Answer:
Personal identity is our concept of how we think of ourselves. ... Our personal identity is how we perceive ourselves, but our social identity is how others perceive us. People recognize us by our characteristics within our town, school, career or another community context
Answer:
Our identity is what defines ourselves, our personalities, our looks, some people prefer to keep their identity private and some people like to keep their identity public for example social media, and if we talk abt reality the only ones who knows our identity is our family, friends, relatives or some one close to us. Because our identity can be known to someone whom we know.
Hope this helps you!
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP WILL GIVE 20 POINTS AND BRAINLIEST
The basic teachings and laws that guide the Jewish people are found in the
Group of answer choices
A.Talmud
B. Torah
C. Book of the Dead
D. Dead Sea Scrolls
Answer:
Explanation: c i hope
Answer:
D ( the dead sea of scrolls )
Explanation:
in federalist, no. 10 Madison takes a position in favor of the constitution and the advancement of a large, federal republic. In Brutus, no. 1, Robert Yates, a New York judge and constitutional convention delegate, takes the opposite perspective, arguing that the ideal political arrangement is a confederation of states. After reading both documents, create a claim as to whether you think the USA should be a federal government or a confederation of states. Make at least two arguments to defend your claim. include at least one counterargument and a rebuttal. brainly
Answer:
A federal government would best suit the United States. A federal government allows for the division of powers among the central government and the states, so each state would have power along with the limited power of the central government. The national government would focus on more pressing matters such as commerce, foreign affairs, and war, while the smaller matters such as establishing schools, building roads, and taxation. The division of powers makes for a more efficient government that is also more effective in it's purpose.
A federal government, along with dividing powers, would also make sure that the central government keeps in mind the interests of the states. States and national government have shared powers, called concurrent powers, so states also have the power to make changes best suited to their interests. It is important, however, that the national government keep in mind what is most beneficial to the states and country as a whole, and a federal government allows for this to happen.
One could claim that a confederation of states would allow states to have more power and freedom to do what benefits them most without the national government getting in the way. While this is a valid argument, it is very important that no one state attains too much power. Along with that, if one or more states were to secede, the confederation would be more vulnerable to invasion or attack by another nation. The power that each state has can be kept in check by a national government and the government is also designed to protect it's citizens, and for those reasons, a federal government is best suited to the United States.
Explanation:
Answer:
In my opinion, a federal government would be most ideal for the United States. A federal government would be best suited because this type of government allows for the fair distribution of powers within the system of the central government through checks and balances, which limits its powers. In this way, the national government would focus on external, heavier cases (e.g., international commerce, foreign affairs); the states would focus on more internal, lighter cases (e.g., taxation and infrastructure).
A federal government would take the responsibility to make sure that the central government protects the interests of and represents its people; the states could discuss with the federal government and make changes based on their needs because the two share governmental powers called concurrent powers.
On the contrary, one could argue that a confederation of states would allow the states to have access to more power and individual liberty without the interference of the national government. It is valid and true that the states would gain more sovereignty in a confederation of states. However, if the national government did not have a certain control over its states, the nation would, soon, go into a vulnerable position. For example, when the states decide to secede and the national government has no power to consolidate the states, the nation would be split up, making it an unstable country. As with the flaw of the Articles of Confederation, the national government lacked the power to suppress a violent uprising, which led to many casualties and governmental instability. Considering the possible risks of the confederation of states, a federal government is more secure. In this country, both the power of the states and the national government should, also, be limited. Therefore, a federal government best suits the United States.
Explanation:
Where was Berlin?
between East and West Germany
Inside of East Germany
Inside of West Germany
Inside of the Allied occupation zone
Answer:
between the east and the west of Germany East-West
Explanation:
Answer:
between East and West Germany
Explanation:
Which of the following are powers that the U.S. government holds because these powers have generally been held by national governments? (1 point)
enumerated powers
implied powers
inherent powers
prohibited powers
Answer:
enumerated powers
Explanation:
The enumerated powers of the United States Congress are the powers granted to the federal government of the United States.
.An economic system is oneImmersive Reader
that involves rights, voting and removal from office.
that involves the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services to address the community’s wants and needs.
that involves the moving of large populations from one region to another.
Answer: that involves the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services to address the community’s wants and needs.
Explanation: I searched it up
An economic system is a system of production, resource allocation, exchange and distribution of goods and al and interdependent problems:
Why was the Social Security Act enacted?
A
to create a federal minimum wage for workers
B
to create jobs for unemployed Americans
С
to provide financial support for older Americans
D
to protect farmers from falling crop prices
why might someone use a topographic map instead of a coordinate map ?
Answer:
Topographic maps are used by hikers and backpackers to plan routes, estimate travel times, find water, good campsites, and track their progress on hikes. They're designed to depict the three dimensional shape of the world (mountains, valleys, plains, etc.)
Which major geographic factor dominates nations in the
region of North Africa and Southwest Asia?
Answer:
A collection of vast deserts
Explanation:
Southwest Asia and North Africa have a very dry and hot climate, with little to no precipitation. This is why in this area there are many deserts. The land is flat and the air is dry.
In North Africa, there is the Sahara desert, the largest hot desert in the world. The valley of the Nile and areas around the coast are the only regions not covered in it. Otherwise, it passes through all the northern African countries.
Southwest Asia (also known as Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East) is dominated by the Arabian desert. It is the second-largest desert in the world, dominating Saudi Arabia.
(a) What is the difference between a live load
and a dead load?
Answer:
Dead loads are static forces that are relatively constant for an extended time. They can be in tension or compression. ... Live loads are usually variable or moving loads. These can have a significant dynamic element and may involve considerations such as impact, momentum, vibration, slosh dynamics of fluids, etc.
Explanation:
Plz mark brainliest thanks
A deeper and more genuine interaction is called
Answer:
Dialogue – much deeper level of interaction that refers to a genuine relationship established among individuals. It is made possible when self realizes that the other is a genuine and unique individual.
Dialogue is a much higher degree of engagement that describes a sincere bond formed between people. Hence A deeper and more genuine interaction is called Dialogue.
What is Dialogue ?A communication between two or more people is made possible when one realizes that the other is a true and distinct individual. also: an interchange of thoughts and viewpoints between a human and another entity (like a machine).
Dialogue is a literary and theatrical genre that represents a written or spoken dialogue between two or more individuals. It is also occasionally spelled dialog in American English.
Its origins can be found in other traditions, such as Indian literature, although it is most commonly identified in the West with the Socratic dialogue as created by Plato.
The type of dialogue in the Ancient writings from the Middle East and Asia date back to times like the late third millennium BC copies of Sumerian disputes.
Learn more about Dialogue Here
https://brainly.com/question/27979708
# SPJ 6
Michaela wants to earn as much money as possible when she finishes her education. Which of the following options gives her the best opportunity to earn the most money over her lifetime? A. drop out of high school so she can start working earlier in her life B. graduate from high school only to increase her chances of employment over those who dropped out of high school C. graduate from high school and partially complete a college degree D. graduate from high school and receive a college degree
Answer: D. graduate from high school and receive a college degree.
Explanation: If Michaela does not go to college and gets a job, she may get a job and make money, but that will not allow her to climb further since not having a degree can limit her to climb. If Michaela goes to college and gets a college degree, she has a better chance of getting a job where she can earn more money and earn more over time.
A chemist mixed two substances together: a blue powder with no smell and a colorless liquid with a strong smell. Their repeating groups of atoms are shown above on the left. After they were mixed, the chemist analyzed the results and found two substances. One ending substance had the repeating group of atoms shown above on the right.
Is the ending substance the same substance as the blue powder? What happened to the atoms of the starting substances when the ending substances formed? Be sure to explain your answers to both of these questions.
Answer:
yes it is the same substance as the blue powder
Explanation:
it is because it has the same color as the substance with no smell and in the picture it is blue-yellow so it is a mix.
im not really sure if this is right.
The mixing of the two chemicals results in changes in the chemical properties and the arrangement of the atoms in the chemicals.
The atoms of the starting substances are turned into the atoms of the finishing substances as the initial substances combine and transform into new compounds. The atoms of the starting substance get mixed with the other substance resulting in changing the physical and chemical properties of the substance.
To know more about the result of the mixing substance, refer to the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/25914535
is/are the set of forces that cause a group member to perform better either when being observed by or working alongside others. It tends to work positively for simple tasks (or those at which someone has become an expert) but negatively for most complex or unfamiliar tasks. Examples of these forces include: competition, attentiveness, behavioral modeling, positive reinforcement, etc.
Answer:
social facilitation
Explanation:
In simple words, When interacting with other individuals rather than individually, social facilitation can be characterized as change in individual efficiency. Social facilitation often happens in the very interaction of other individuals, in additament to operating along with other individuals. Thus, from the above we can conclude that the correct answer is social facilitation.
Which of the following statements regarding civil liberties and civil rights is correct? *
1 point
Civil liberties require government to take action to protect
Civil rights impose limits on the government's ability to interfere in our individual lives
Civil liberties impose positive obligations on the government, like desegregating schools
Civil liberties impose limits on the government's ability to interfere in our individual lives
All of the above are correct
Answer: Civil liberties impose limits on the government's ability to interfere in our individual lives
Explanation:
Civil rights are there to ensure that people are treated equally in a country regardless of some of their characteristics such as race, gender or disability.
Civil liberties on the other hand are those basic freedoms that people should have in a country. In the U.S. that includes the Bill of Rights which protects things like: freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and the right to privacy.
Civil liberties therefore limit the government's ability to interfere in individual lives by guaranteeing the freedom of individuals to live a certain way.
Matias, a five-year-old, has just started preschool. As a preschooler, he must get used to being away from his parents for a few hours and being around other children and adults. His parents feel that this change may be difficult for him. A psychologist studying Matias's case is likely to belong to the field of
Answer:
This question lacks options, options are: a. clinical psychology b. developmental psychology c. health psychology d. evolutionary psychology. The correct answer is b.
Explanation:
Developmental psychology is responsible for studying the growth and evolution that human beings experience throughout our existence, that is, it is a scientific discipline whose object of study is the regularities that occur in the process of psychological development of being human, in different stages of its life cycle, starting from the conditions that causally explain this process and that allow the characterization of its different stages or periods. It covers the study of different stages of human development: the first year of life, early age, preschool age, school age, adolescence, youth and adulthood.In the preschool age, the activity and communication systems continue to expand, the child begins to assimilate the relationship rules of adults and also exchanges with their peers. Attachment bonds, the relationships between parents and children in later years are marked by the parenting styles developed by parents in order to socialize their children.
You have decided to conduct a research study examining the relationship between depression and relationship satisfaction. To do this you have collected a sample of 12 newlywed couples. In 4 of the couples, neither partner is depressed; in 4 of the couples, one partner is depressed; in the remaining 4 couples, both partners are depressed. You plan to assess both members of each couple on relationship satisfaction and depression every 6 months for the first 5 years of marriage. What type of design is this study
Answer:
Correlational and longitudinal.
Explanation:
The design of this study is a correlational and longitudinal study. It is a longitudinal study because as a researcher I'm going to be looking at the variables of interest every 6 months for a period of 5 years. A longitudinal study is one that is done over a period of time. And I will be checking for the correlation between relationship satisfaction and depression In this period of time.
What type of power did the Industrial Revolution factories use? pls tell me
Answer:
Steam power soon replaced water power.
Explanation:
It became the key power supply. The steam engine powered factory work. It also freed manufacturers from the need to build their factories near water.
which statement is a main idea of the article "For this girl, the pages of "wonder" got personal
Answer:
it got personal when she started talking about herself n her life yk
Explanation:
