Answer:
DNA is negatively charged. When an electrical current is passed through a gel, the DNA is repelled by the nearby negative current and pushed across the gel towards the positively charged side.
Explanation:
Electrophoresis has become a standard molecular biology technique. This technique is based on the use of a constant-uniform electric field that enables the separation and identification of DNA fragments with different lengths, which form bands in the electrophoresis gel. Electrophoresis can be used to analyze not only DNA, but also RNA and proteins. During electrophoresis, the fragments of DNA that are negatively charged will migrate towards the positively charged electrode, where the duration of this movement will depend on the size of the DNA fragment, as well as of the pore size in the gel.
Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats
into fatty acids and these fatty acids are
absorbed into the blood stream and act as a
source of energy for cells or are stored as fat.
Absorbed fatty acids support the energy needs
when glucose is unavailable as in the case of
diabetes.
If lipase does not function complex fats
in foods are not broken down and absorbed.
It is this reason why diet pills can often target
this enzyme.
A scientist was searching for a non-
toxic inhibitor of lipase and wanted to test the hypothesis that alginates (found in seaweed) inhibit lipase action. A co-worker alerted her to a diet pill that contain the chemical Orlistat that can also inhibit lipase but has side-effects associated with its use. To test the efficacy of the seaweed inhibitor she tested lipase activity as shown in the table below.
3a. For the reaction below label E, S and P components as explained in the question.
E+S <----> ES<---->E+P
3b. Identify the control group in the experiment.
3c. What is the scientists’ prediction from this experiment?
Answer:
3a. As we know and also mention in the question that lipase is an enzyme that digested and break down the fats into fatty acid and it is also known that the action of an enzyme is as follows:
Enzyme + substrate <===> Enzyme-Substrate <====> Enzyme + Product
and here, E+S <----> ES<---->E+P
So, E is Lipase as the enzyme, S is fats, and P is fatty acids
3b. The control group is in this experiment or research is the group in which activity of the lipase is tested with the help of the chemical Orlistat, present in the diet pill as the control group is used to compare the or test the results of the independent variable's response.
3c. The scientist's prediction would be that in the control group fats will not be digested by the lipase into fatty acids and will not lead to any side effects.
Article II of the Constitution states that the president is also leader of the Senate. a general in the army. commander in chief. leader of Congress.
Answer:
commander in chief.
Explanation:
took the test
Answer:
commander in cheif
Explanation:
took test on edg
How is solar power collected on a large scale?
Answer:
SEGS is a parabolic trough solar installation that uses concave mirrors to focus the sun's rays on oil-filled pipes. The fluid in these pipes is then pumped to make high-pressure steam, driving turbine generators and creating electricity.
Mycorrhizal fungi are
Answer:
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships that form between fungi and plants. The fungi colonize the root system of a host plant, providing increased water and nutrient absorption capabilities while the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates formed from photosynthesis.
Explanation:
Mycorrhizal fungi form a mutualistic association with plant roots. They provide benefits to each other.
What are mycorrhizas?A symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots is known as mycorrhizae. Their main function is to increase the host plant's intake of nutrients and water by utilizing more soil than roots alone can. Depending on the host plant and fungus' taxonomy, mycorrhizae can take on a variety of shapes.
Mycorrhizal fungi create symbiotic relationships with almost all land plants. These underground fungi are essential to terrestrial ecosystems because they control the carbon and nutrient cycles, affect soil composition, and increase the diversity of ecosystem functions.
Endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae are the two primary classes of mycorrhizae.
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Name two pieces of laboratory equipment that can be used
to measure mass.
Answer:
Scientists measure mass with a balance, such as a triple beam balance or electronic balance. In science, the volume of a liquid might be measured with a graduated cylinder.
Explanation:
Likhon has Parkinson’s disease and is participating in a clinical trial for a new drug that increases the amplitude of EPSPs at neurons only in his basal ganglia. Of the following options, the most pronounced effect of this drug would be: a. Decreased likelihood of action potentials in basal ganglia neurons, which are associated with initiating movements b. Increased likelihood of action potentials in basal ganglia neurons, which are associated with initiating movements c. Increased likelihood of action potentials in basal ganglia neurons, which are associated with emotional processes d. Decreased likelihood of action potentials in basal ganglia neurons, which are associated with emotional processes
Answer:
b. Increased likelihood of action potentials in basal ganglia neurons, which are associated with initiating movements
Explanation:
The substantia nigra is the principal site involved in the physiopathology of Parkinson´s disease.
Cells from this area degenerate and die progressively causing important degeneration in the central nervous system. The cells that die -with no known reason- are those that produce dopamine and proportionate dopaminergic innervation to the encephalon. In fact, almost all the symptoms exhibited by patients with the disease can be explained by the lack of dopamine in the substantia nigra.
This neurotransmitter is used in the area to communicate neurons from the base ganglia. Ganglia are responsible for modulating and modifying movements.
The nigrostriatal system participates in the planning and automatic execution of learned movements. When the ganglia activity decreases, so it does the amount and velocity of movements, something typical of the disease.
If the drug increases the amplitude of EPSPs at neurons in the basal ganglia, the action potentials in basal ganglia neurons would be expected to increase.
What do scientists call all of the compounds that contain carbon and are found in living things? organic inorganic acidic nonacidic
All substances that include carbon and are present in living organisms are referred to be organic substances by scientists. The correct option is A.
What are organic compounds?Organic compounds are those compounds that contain carbon in them. They are chemical compounds made up of carbon-carbon or hydrogen-carbon bonds.
These compounds are found in nature and produced by plants and animals. They can be identified by their spatial and isomeric configuration. Examples are carbs, protein, lipid, etc.
Inorganic compounds are those that do not contain carbon, these are metals, nonmetals, etc. Acidic is a liquid that has low pH, and non-acidic is a basic or neutral compound like water and other liquids.
Thus, the correct option is A. organic compounds.
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true or false? scientist test explanations with more evidence
Answer:true
Explanation:
What did the comparative study on chytridiomycosis teach scientists studying white-nose syndrome in bats? White-nose syndrome affects bats but does not cause death in organisms like chytridiomycosis does in amphibians. Chytridiomycosis affected only certain amphibians, so the comparative study could not teach the scientists anything useful. Humans were responsible for the spread of chytridiomycosis, but not white-nose syndrome. A novel fungal infection could spread to colonies and cause dramatic population crashes, as seen in the comparative study.
Answer:
A novel fungal infection could spread to colonies and cause dramatic population crashes, as seen in the comparative study.
Explanation:
Chytridiomycosis may be defined as an infectious disease which affects the various amphibians worldwide. Chytridiomycosis is believed to be caused by a chytrid fungus whose scientific name is Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. This fungus is capable of causing numerous sporadic deaths in most of the amphibian populations and nearly 100 per cent of mortality in others.
This fungus was first discovered in 1993 in Queensland in the dying frogs.
Chytridiomycosis is the disease that is caused by the fungus in bats with the white nose syndrome. It is new or a novel infection caused by the fungus chytrid that has claimed to take life of many amphibians around the world in the comparative study by the scientists.
List the two types of asexual reproduction and write an example on each
Answer:
growth in line
Explanation:
Which of the following statements regarding contraction in skeletal and smooth muscle is TRUE? A. In skeletal muscle, calcium initiates contraction by binding to troponin, while in smooth muscle calcium initiates contraction by binding directly to myosin. B. In skeletal muscle, calcium initiates contraction by binding to troponin, while in smooth muscle calcium initiates contraction by binding to calmodulin. C. In skeletal muscle, calcium initiates contraction by binding to myosin light-chain kinase, while in smooth muscle calcium initiates contraction by binding directly to tropomyosin. D. All of the above are TRUE.
Answer:
B. In skeletal muscle, calcium initiates contraction by binding to troponin, while in smooth muscle calcium initiates contraction by binding to calmodulin.
Explanation:
The Calcium ions (Ca2 +) have a key role in skeletal muscle contraction. Moreover, the Troponins are regulatory proteins that also play roles in skeletal contraction. In this muscle, troponin is attached to tropomyosin, when Ca2 + binds to troponin it induces a conformational change, thereby exposing this protein to its binding to myosin filaments on the actin filaments, which initiates muscle contraction.
On the other hand, calmodulin (calcium-modulated protein) is a protein which mediates the contractile state of the smooth muscle by binding Ca2+ ions. The function of this protein is to stimulate the development of force (contraction) in response to Ca2+ ions by activating the phosphorylation of myosin.
Muscle Contraction occurs in both skeletal and smooth type of muscles. Although in smooth muscles, the contraction is slow as compared to skeletal muscles.
Contractions in skeletal and smooth muscles occurs: In skeletal muscle, calcium initiates contraction by binding to troponin, while in smooth muscle calcium initiates contraction by binding to calmodulin. (Option B)
Muscle contraction in both smooth and skeletal muscles is initiated and aided by the influx of calcium ions, the only difference is that in smooth muscle, the influx of calcium ion causes the ions to bind to intracellular calmodulin which causes the activation of an enzyme known as myosin kinase.
Although in skeletal muscles, the calcium ion binds to troponin changing the shape of tropomyosin exposing the myosin binding site
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Ms. Brown’s class built series and parallel circuits during science lab. After the results of the experiments are collected, the students should
Answer:
B
Explanation: because the teacher is in charge
When egg and sperm unite,a
is formed
respuesta e
Explanation:
La fecundación es el proceso por medio del cual un ovocito u óvulo y un espermatozoide se unen dando lugar a un cigoto o embrión
Answer:
a zygote :)
Explanation:
A scientist designed an experiment to test an artificial membrane that mimics the phospholipid bilayer of a
cell.
The scientist built a tube that was divided by an artificial membrane and filled with distilled water. The
scientist put a known amount of a protein into the water on one side of the membrane. After some time, the
scientist measured the concentration of the protein on either side of the membrane but found that there had
been no change.
Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute
across the artificial membrane?
A
Increase the solute concentration in the solution
B
Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein
C
Increase the temperature of the solution
D
Add artificial aquaporins to the membrane
Simple diffusion is the free pass of small, non polar molecules through the lipid bilayer.The scientist needs to use small, nonpolar solutes instead of a protein.
-----------------------------------------
Different types of transports occur through the membrane. Among them, we can find simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
The simple diffusion process allows the passage of only non polar, small molecules. They can freely move through the membrane by momentary openings produced by the lipids' movements.
Simple diffusion is a slow process that requires short distances and pronounced concentration gradients to be efficient. It depends on the molecules' sizes and their concentration on each side of the membrane.
Since proteins (represented as red squares in the attached image) are macromolecules, they can not cross the membrane without carrier or channel proteins.
The scientist should use a small, nonpolar solute (green circles in the attached image) instead of a protein. The diffusion direction will occur from the side where the scientist put the solute to the other side.
-----------------------------------------
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What are the Functions of the skeletal system?
Answer:
The skeletal system works as a support structure for your body. It gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals.
Explanation:
Unlike plant cells, animal cells contain _____. a. cell walls c. nucleoli b. centrioles d. spindles
Answer:
Animal cells contain centrioles. Something plants cells do not have.
Explanation:
Unlike plant cells, animal cells contain centrioles. The correct option is B.
Thus, Animal cells include cylindrical centrioles, which are found specifically in the centrosome area. They are essential for cell division because they organize and direct the formation of the mitotic spindle.
In both mitosis (cell division for growth and tissue repair) and meiosis (cell division for sexual reproduction), the mitotic spindle is in charge of segregating duplicated chromosomes.
On the other hand, centrioles are frequently absent from plant cells. Microtubule organizing centres (MTOCs), which are physically distinct from centrioles but perform comparable tasks, are instead present in plant cells.
Thus, Unlike plant cells, animal cells contain centrioles. The correct option is B.
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1. Explain why living things need carbon and nitrogen. What are they used for?
Answer:
Explanation:
all living organisms are built of carbon compounds. Nitrogen fixation: special bacteria convert the nitrogen gas into ammonia that plants then use. ... nitrogen is the required nutrient for living things to produce organic molecules. it's the building block of DNA, RNA, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Which two characteristics describe all organisms in the domain Eukarya?
A. Their cells are prokaryotic.
B. Their cell walls have peptidoglycan.
c. Their cells are eukaryotic.
D. Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan.
what happens when the birthrate and the death rate are the same?
Tiny river has recently been experiencing increasing erosion of the sediment along its banks. what could explain why this is happening.
A. decreased Slope
B. Increased Runoff
C. decreased rainfall
D. increased vegetation
Please help, Thanks!
Answer:
The best explanation for why tiny river has recently been experiencing increasing erosion of the sediment along its banks is increased runoff.
Explanation:
The main agents of soil erosion are wind, climate change, ice and water circulation.
Runoff is caused by precipitation, which is capable of produce erosion on the banks of a river, with some negative consequences for the environment.
Runoff depends on the flow of water, coming from rainfall, which moves across the surface of the soil, with great capacity for infiltration and erosion. In this case, runoff is the only possible cause of soil erosion
With respect to the other options:
Decreased Slope , decreased rainfall and increased vegetation are not factors related to the erosion in the bank of a river.
Common names given to organisms may be useful locally but may become meaningless on a _________ basis.
Answer:
Global basis
Explanation:
Chlorophyll traps ______ from the sun
Answer:
Chlorophyll traps light energy from the sun.
Explanation:
You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms? a. plants c. fungi b. animals d. all of the above
Answer:
You will not find a cell wall in animals. As cell walls are only present in plant cells.
Explanation:
The cell wall is present in the cells of all of the kinds of organism such as plants, fungi and it is absent in an animal cell. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is a cell wall?The cell wall is the structural layer which surrounds some types of cells, such as plant cells and fungi just outside the cell membrane. This layer can be tough, strong, flexible, and sometimes rigid which allows some materials to flow through them. It provides the cell with both the structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering membrane.
The cell wall is the protective outer layer of the plant cells. The major function of cell wall is to provide the cell its strength and structure, and also to filter the molecules that pass in and out of the cell. cell wall of plant cell is made up of cellulose.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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In Drosophila melanogaster, vestigial wings (vg) is recessive to normal wings (vg+), black body (b) is recessive to gray body (b+), and purple eyes (pr) are recessive to red eyes (pr+). All three genes are located on the same chromosome. A female fly with vestigial wings, black homes body, and purple eyes is crossed to a male with normal wings, gray body, and red eyes. The F1 females produced by this cross were mated with vestigial, black, purple males in a test cross. After doing a test cross the following pheonotypes were obtained.
1779 vestigial wings, an ebony body and purple eyes
1665 normal wings, a brown body and red eyes
252 normal wings, an ebony body and purple eyes 241 vestigial wings, a brown body and red eyes
131 normal wings, an ebony body and red eyes
118 vestigial wings, a brown body and purple eyes
13 vestigial wings, an ebony body and red eyes
9 normal wings, a brown body and purple eyes.
1. Determine the order of these genes on the chromosome.
2. Calculate the map distances between the genes. Construct a genetic map for these three loci.
Correct progeny phenotype:
1779 vestigial wings, black body and purple eyes, vg b pr 1665 normal wings, a grey body and red eyes, vg+ b+ pr+252 normal wings, an black body and purple eyes, vg+ b pr241 vestigial wings, a gray body and red eyes, vg b+ pr+131 normal wings, an black body and red eyes, vg +b pr+118 vestigial wings, a gray body and purple eyes, vg b+ pr13 vestigial wings, an black body and red eyes, vg b pr+9 normal wings, a gray body and purple eyes, vg+ b+ prAnswer:
The order of these genes is vg --- pr --- b Map distances between the genes vg/pr = 12.2 MUMap distance between the genes pr/b = 6.4 MUMap distances between the genes vg/b = 18.6 MUExplanation:
We know that
•Normal wings expressed by vg+ is dominant over vestigial wings, vg
•Gray body b+ is dominant over black body
•Red eyes, pr+, is dominant over purple ayes, pr
We have the number of descendants of each phenotype product of the tri-hybrid cross.
•1779 vestigial wings, black body and purple eyes vg b pr
•1665 normal wings, a grey body and red eyes vg+ b+ pr+
•252 normal wings, an black body and purple eyes vg+ b pr
•241 vestigial wings, a gray body and red eyes vg b+ pr+
•131 normal wings, an black body and red eyes vg +b pr+
• 118 vestigial wings, a gray body and purple eyes vg b+ pr
•13 vestigial wings, an black body and red eyes vg b pr+
• 9 normal wings, a gray body and purple eyes vg+ b+ pr
The total number of individuals is 4208.
In a tri-hybrid cross, it can occur that the three genes assort independently or that two of them are linked and the third not, or that the three genes are linked. In this example, in particular, the three genes are linked on the same chromosome.
Knowing that the genes are linked, we can calculate genetic distances between them. First, we need to know their order in the chromosome, and to do so, we need to compare the genotypes of the parental gametes with the ones of the double recombinants. We can recognize the parental gametes in the descendants because their phenotypes are the most frequent, while the double recombinants are the less frequent. So:
Parental)
1779 vestigial wings, black body and purple eyes vg b pr 1665 normal wings, a grey body and red eyes vg+ b+ pr+Double recombinant)
13 vestigial wings, an black body and red eyes vg b pr+9 normal wings, a gray body and purple eyes vg+ b+ prSimple recombinant)
252 normal wings, an black body and purple eyes vg+ b pr241 vestigial wings, a gray body and red eyes vg b+ pr+131 normal wings, an black body and red eyes vg +b pr+118 vestigial wings, a gray body and purple eyes vg b+ prComparing parental with the double recombinants we will realize that between
vg b pr (parental)vg b pr+ (double recombinant)and
vg+ b+ pr+ (Parental)vg+ b+ pr (double recombinant)They only change in the position of the alleles pr/pr+. This suggests that the position of the gene pr is in the middle of the other two genes, vg and b, because in a double recombinant only the central gene changes position in the chromatid.
So, the order of the genes is:
---- vg ---- pr -----b ----
Now we will call Region I to the area between vg and pr and Region II to the area between pr and b.
Once established the order of the genes we can calculate distances between them, and we will do it from the central gene to the genes on each side. First We will calculate the recombination frequencies, and we will do it by region. We will call P1 to the recombination frequency between vg and pr genes, and P2 to the recombination frequency between pr and b.
P1 = (R + DR) / N
P2 = (R + DR)/ N
Where: R is the number of simple recombinants in each region, DR is the number of double recombinants in each region, and N is the total number of individuals.
So:
Parental)
• 1779 vestigial wings, black body and purple eyes vg pr b
• 1665 normal wings, a grey body and red eyes vg+ pr+ b+
Double recombinant)
• 13 vg pr+ b
• 9 vg+ pr b+
Simple recombinant)
• 252 vg+ pr b
• 241 vg pr+ b+
• 131 vg+ pr+ b
• 118 vg pr b+
P1 = (R + DR) / N
P1 = (252+241+13+9)/4208
P1 = 515/4208
P1 = 0.122
P2= (R + DR) / N
P2 = (131+118+13+9)/4208
P2 = 271/4208
P2 = 0.064
Now, to calculate the recombination frequency between the two extreme genes, vg and b, we can just perform addition or a sum:
P1 + P2= Pt
0.122 + 0.064 = Pt
0.186=Pt
The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).
The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes. Every 100 meiotic products, one of them results in a recombinant product. Now we must multiply each recombination frequency by 100 to get the genetic distance in map units:
GD1= P1 x 100 = 0.122 x 100 = 12.2 MU
GD2= P2 x 100 = 0.064 x 100 = 6.4 MU
GD3=Pt x 100 = 0.186 x 100 = 18.6 MU
---- vg ---------------------- pr ---------------------b ----
R1 R2
-----vg----12.2MU---------pr—
----pr--------6.4 MU----b—
-----vg ----------------18.6 MU--------------------b----
Which muscle is attached to the gluteus Maximus
Answer:
The Gluteus Medius and Minimus, as well as iliotibial band, and tensor fascia lata.
Explanation:
I hope this helps!
Waves cause erosion through the processes of ______ and abrasion. a. chemical weathering b. impact
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Impact, the strength of the wind carries little pebbles and stone,then it deposits.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Which three structures are found in both prokaryotic
Answer:
The structures that are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell are-
Explanation:
ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm.
Ribosomes are biomolecular complex, composed of RNA and protein and act as the site for protein synthesis in all the cells of the living organisms.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is considered.
If the size of a wolf population in a community rises, is the increase permanent
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Since community means "all animals" and wolves are top predators in the food chain, that means that don't have any predators and the only way they can die is of disease, age, injury, etc. It even says it in the question, "in a community rises". If its rising then it will be permanent. Therefore, the increase in wolves will continue to rise at a steady or even higher pace than before.
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What do you surface membrane proteins do
Katherine has recorded the temperature outside each day for one week. The daily temperatures are recorded in the table. Calculate the average temperature for the week. Round to the nearest whole number.
Answer:
71 °F
Explanation:
i had to fail to get the answer lol
