Answers
In simple terms a covalent bond is when we have sharing of electrons, which means there is no polarity being formed when the elements are bonded, this is more likely to occur with atoms with high electronegativity, or same pair of elements, like O2, where we have O - O (Oxygen bonded with Oxygen), since they have the same electronegativity, there is no charge being formed
The same can not be told for ionic bonds, where we have very different elements being bonded together, with a big electronegativity difference, which means we have polarity being formed (which basically means that we have charge in the compound)
One way to find out if a compound is covalent or ionic is by checking their positions in the periodic table, for example, let's analyze our question
We have:
A) Fluorine - Fluorine, here we have a classical example of covalent bond, since there is no "stronger" element, pulling the electrons towards its side, they are the same, hence, the same strength
B) Carbon - Chlorine, we have two non-metals, with a relatively high electronegativity each one of them, so there is ions being formed, therefore it is covalent
C) Potassium - Oxygen, in this case we have a metal and non-metal bonding together, and since potassium has only 1 electron in its valence shell, it will easily give up this electron to another element, therefore K will receive a positive charge (which means loss of electron) and oxygen will receive a negative charge (which means gain of electron), and this is an ionic bond
D) Oxygen - nitrogen is the same case as letter B
It is also possible to check an electronegativity table, in which there are some rules that helps you understand if a compound is more likely to be covalent or ionic
Related Questions
What is the molarity of ions in a 0.561 M solution of Ca(OH)₂
assuming the compound dissociates completely?
Answers
For each particle (molecule) of Ca(OH)2 that was present, assuming full dissociation of the complex, you would get two particles (ions). CaO + H2O equals Ca(OH)2 (2 particles)
A 0.561 M solution contains 0.561 moles of Ca(OH)2 per kilogram of solvent. Ions' molality would be 2 x 0.561m = 1.122m.
How is an ion's molarity determined?The most used unit for expressing solution concentration is molarity (M), which is calculated by dividing the solute concentration in moles by the volume of the solution in liters: M stands for moles of solute per liter of solution.
What does ion molality mean?The kilograms of solvent divided by the moles of ions in the solution is the molality. As an illustration, if You will have 1.0 molal concentration of sodium chloride, for instance, if 1.0 moles of sodium chloride are dissolved in 1.0 kilogram of solution.
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A solution is made using 80.1 g of dimethyl ether (MM = 46.07 g/mol) and 110.0 g of methanol (MM = 32.04 g/mol). What is the molality of the dimethyl ether in the solution?
Answers
The molality of the dimethyl ether in the solution is 15.8m
What is molarity ?
Molality (m), or molal concentration, is the amount of a substance dissolved in a certain mass of solvent. It is defined as the moles of a solute per kilograms of a solvent.
Moles of dimethyl ether= 80.1/46.07 = 1.74 moles
Molarity = moles of solute/ mass of solvent * 1000
1.74/110*1000 = 15.8m
The molality of the dimethyl ether in the solution is 15.8m
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Which two types of information are written in an element's box in the periodic
table?
A. Atomic mass
B. Number of electron shells
C. Nuclear composition
D. Chemical symbol
Answers
Answer:
b d my good mannnnnnnnnnnn
In the following reaction, What quantity in moles of CH₃OH are required to give off 1501 kJ of heat? 2 CH₃OH (l) + 3 O₂ (g) → 2 CO₂ (g) + 4 H₂O(g) ∆H° = -1280. kJ
Answers
Taking into account the definition of enthalpy of a chemical reaction, 2.345 moles of CH₃OH are required to give off 1501 kJ of heat
Definition of enthalpy of a chemical reactionThe enthalpy of a chemical reaction as the heat absorbed or released in a chemical reaction when chemicals are transformed into a chemical reaction at constant pressure.
The enthalpy is an extensive property, that is, it depends on the amount of matter present.
Amount of moles of CH₃OHIn this case, the balanced reaction is:
2 CH₃OH (l) + 3 O₂ (g) → 2 CO₂ (g) + 4 H₂O(g)
and the enthalpy reaction ∆H° has a value of -1280 kJ/mol.
This equation indicates that when 2 moles of CH₃OH reacts with 3 moles of O₂, 1280 kJ of heat is released.
If it is required to give off 1501 kJ of heat, you can apply the following rule of three: If 1280 kJ of heat is released by 2 moles of CH₃OH, 1501 kJ of heat is released by how many moles of CH₃OH?
amount of moles= (1501 kJ× 2 moles of CH₃OH)÷ 1280 kJ
amount of moles= 2.345 moles of CH₃OH
In summary, the amount of moles required are 2.345 moles.
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A process that may lead to gamates containing too many or too few chromosomes is called?
(A) Recombination
(B) Crossing over
(C) Karyogenesis
(D) Nondisjunction
Answers
Answer:
D) Nondisjunction
Explanation:
Nondisjunction happens when a chromosome pair doesn't separate during meiosis. A result is one of the gamates has to any chromosome, while others have much less.
a.
__K (s) + __Cl2 (g) —> __ KCl (aq)
Balance, and Type of reaction?
Answers
[tex]2K_(s) + Cl_2_(g)[/tex] ⇒ [tex]2KCl_(aq)[/tex]
Type of Reaction: Synthesis
What is a synthesis reaction?
When 2 or more substances react to form a single compound.
What type of bond is formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms within a water molecule?Ionic bondNonpolar covalent bondPolar covalent bondHydrogen bondWhich of the following best describes a solute that is dissolved in water?Aqueous solutionGaseous solutionAlloyHeterogeneous solution
Answers
To determine what type of bond is formed when hydrogen and oxygen form water, we have to find the difference in electronegativities of hydrogen and oxygen:
[tex]3.44-2.2=1.24[/tex]According to this, the difference between electronegativities is less than 1.7 and greater than 0.4, which means that the type of bond formed by oxygen and hydrogen is polar covalent bond.
what are the limiting and excess reactants when 26.62 moles of FeS2 react with 59.44 moles of O2
Answers
Step 1
The reaction must be completed and balanced as follows:
4 FeS2 + 11 O2 => 2 Fe2O3 + 8 SO2
-------------------------
Step 2
Information provided:
26.62 moles of FeS2
59.44 moles of O2
-------------------------
Step 3
The limiting and the excess reactant
Procedure: by stoichiometry,
4 FeS2 + 11 O2 => 2 Fe2O3 + 8 SO2
4 moles FeS2 ------------ 11 moles O2
26.62 moles FeS2 ------------ X
X = 26.62 moles FeS2 x 11 moles O2/4 moles FeS2
X = 73.20 moles
For 26.62 moles of FeS2, 73.20 moles of O2 are needed, but there are only 59.44 moles so the limiting reactant is O2, and the excess reactant is FeS2.
Answer:
The limiting reactant = O2
The excess reactant = FeS2
Sulfur (S) has an atomic number of 16. What is the ground-state electron configuration of sulfur?
Answers
Place the following gases in order of decreasing average molecular speed at 300K: He, SF6, SO2, Ar
Answers
Temperature is a way to measure the kinetic energy of the molecules of gases. The kinetic energy is a kind of energy that a moving body has. it is related to the mass of the body and the speed they are moving. The kinetic energy can be calculated as:
[tex]E_k=\frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]Where Ek is the kinetic energy, m is mass of the molecules and v is the speed of the molecule
Knowing that gasses with the same temperature have same kinetic energy, then gasses with larger mass will move slower and viceversa.
Since the molar mass of those gases are:
He: 4.00 g/mol
SF6: 146.06 g/mol
SO2: 64.066 g/mol and
Ar: 39.948 g/mol
the ligther gasses move faster and the hevier slower, so we just have to order them by increasing mass:
He, Ar, SO2 and SF6
What is true about the atoms at the start of a chemical reaction compare to the atoms at the end of a net reaction?
Answers
The question requires us to comment on what happens to the atoms in a chemical reaction considering the Law of Conservation of Mass.
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. In other words, although the atoms in the reactants rearrange in order to form the products, the mass of both products and reactants must be the same.
Therefore, we can say that, considering the Law of Conservation of Mass, the atoms at the start of a chemical reaction are rearranged compared to the atoms at the end of the reaction, but the mass of reactants and products do not change.
How many mols of Cl₂ are needed to make 0.6 mols of NaCl according to the
following reaction?
2Na + Cl₂ --> 2NaCl
Answers
Two different signs that indicate a chemical action has occurred. What time is showing in the picture on the left what sign is showing on the picture in the right?
Answers
The reaction that occurs on the left is called a single displacemt reaction
How much water needs to be added to 65 mL of 3.0 M stock solution to produce a 1.0 M diluted solution?
Answers
To answer this question, we have to use the dilution rule, that is represented by the following equation:
[tex]C1V1=C2V2[/tex]Where C1 and C2 are the initial and final concentrations and V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes.
Solve the equation for V2 to find the final volume:
[tex]\begin{gathered} V2=\frac{C1V1}{C2} \\ V2=\frac{3.0M\cdot65mL}{1.0M} \\ V2=195mL \end{gathered}[/tex]The final volume of the solutions has to be 195mL. Since we already have 65mL, we need to add 130mL of water to have 195mL in total.
It means that the correct answer is 130mL.
UESTION 14nsider the compound XF. Which of the following is true about the compound?A. If XF is covalent, X could be a metal.B. If XF is ionic, X could be a nonmetal.C. If XF is covalent, the name uses prefixes.D. If XF is covalent, X has a charge of +1.QUESTION 15What are the values of x and y in the compound Agx(CO3)y?O AX= 1, y = 2B. x = 3, y = 1OC. x = 3, y = 2O D.X = 2, y = 1
Answers
a. If XF is covalent, X couldn't be a metal. Because covalent bonding occurs between nonmetals. So this alternative is False.
b. If XF is ionic, X could be a nonmetal. Also False. Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and a nonmetal. In this case, we already have a nonmetal, which is F.
c. If XF is covalent, the name uses prefixes. True. When we have a covalent compound, the name of the nonmetal on the left has a prefix indicating the number of atoms of it.
d. If XF is covalent, X has a charge of +1. False. This would happen if it was ionic.
Answer: Alternative "C"
A gas occupies a constant volume at 35.0 celsius and 97 kPa. What is the pressure of the gas when the temperature is increased to 75 celsius?
Answers
For this question we are going to use Gay-Lussac's Law, which is an experimental gas law that shows the relationship between temperature and pressure in a gas. The formula is:
P1/T1 = P2/T2
We have:
P1 = 97 kPa
T1 = 308 K, we need to use Kelvin
P2 = ?
T2 = 348 K
Now we add these values into the formula:
97/308 = P2/348
0.315 = P2/348
P2 = 109.6 kPa, this will be new pressure
- 47 Celsius to kelvin
Answers
Answer
226 K
Explanation
To change from C to K, you add 273
Therefore -47 C + 273 = 226 K
T
Chapter 6 Question 34 - AlgorithmicThe element that has a valence configuration of 3s2 3p6 is ________.- Choices:ArRnKrNeXe
Answers
We have to remember the rules to determine to which period and which group belongs an element, depending on its electronic configuration:
We always have to see the last level of energy, in this case is 3 (the highest number in the electronic configuration). It determines the period (the horizontal lines)
Now, we have to see the last letter which is with the 3, in this case the letter is p. It determines that the element is part of the A groups of the periodic table, also called the representative groups. In case of ending in d, it means that the element belongs to the transition metals. And trhe last possibility is ending in f, it means that the element belongs to the lanthanides and actinides.
The last thing, is to add up the valence electrons. Those are the ones in the last energy level, that as we mentioned before, it is 3 in this case. So, we have to add up, the exponents of the different letters that are in the last energy level. In this particular case, are the 2 and the 6, which is equal to 8.
So, we have to search in the periodic table, the element which is in the period 3, group VIII A. If we go, we will find it is the argon (Ar)
How is chemical weathering different from physical weathering?(30 points)
Chemical weathering forms new substances, while physical weathering does not.
Chemical weathering involves plants and animals, while physical weathering does not.
Chemical weathering requires a reaction with water, while physical weathering does not.
Chemical weathering results in the breakdown of rock, while physical weathering does not.
Answers
Answer:
Chemical weathering results in the breakdown of rock, while physical weathering does not.
Explanation:
When a substance such as ice, rushing water, wind, rapid heating or cooling, or plant growth exerts force on a rock, it breaks the rock physically or mechanically. Chemical weathering is the process by which a substance dissolves a rock, resulting in the rock's fragments falling away.
What volume of carbon dioxide (in L) will 2.00 g of antacid made of calcium carbonate produce at 37.0 °C and 1.00 atm in the stomach according to the following reaction?
CaCO₃ (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → CaCl₂ (aq) + H₂O (l) + CO₂ (g)
Answers
The volume of carbon dioxide (in L) that can be made from the 2.00 g of the antacid is 5.09 L
How to determine the volume of CO₂We'll beging by obtaining the mole of CO₂ produced. This can be obtained as follow:
Mass of CaCO₃ = 2 gMolar mass of CaCO₃ = 100 g/mole Mole of CaCO₃ = 2 / 100 = 0.02 moleCaCO₃ (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → CaCl₂ (aq) + H₂O (l) + CO₂ (g)
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole CaCO₃ reacted to produce 1 mole of CO₂.
Therefore,
0.02 mole CaCO₃ will also react to produce 0.02 mole of CO₂.
Finally, we shall determine the volume of the CO₂ produced. Details below.
Number of mole (n) = 0.02 moles Pressure (P) = 1 atm Temperature (T) = 37 °C = 37 + 273 = 310 KGas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol Volume (V) =?PV = nRT
1 × V = 0.02 × 0.0821 × 310
V = 5.09 L
Thus, the volume obtained is 5.09 L
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In which of the following atoms does a 3p electron experience the greatest effective nuclear charge?
Question options:
P
Cl
Si
Ar
Al
Answers
Answer:
Ci
Explanation:
because it is an electron effective nuclear charge
Which of the following behaves most like an ideal gas at the conditions indicated?
A H2(g) molecules at 10-3 atm and 200°C
B O2(g) molecules at 20 atm and 200°C
Answers
The gas that behaves most like an ideal gas at the conditions indicated is H2(g) molecules at 10-3 atm and 200°C
What is ideal behavior?Recall that a gas is said to show an ideal behavior when the pressure of thee gas is low and the temperature of the gas is high. Recall that, at a high temperature and a low pressure, the interaction that exists between the molecules of the gas is decreased as such the molecules of the gas would tend to move faster.
We can see that the hydrogen gas has a lower pressure at the same temperature hence the interaction that is know to exists between the molecules of the gas is minimal.
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Calculate the pH if [H+] = 2.79 x 10^-11 M
Answers
Answer:
10.6.
Explanation:
What is given?
[H⁺] = 2.79 x 10⁻¹¹ M.
Step-by-step solution:
Let's see the formula of pH:
[tex]pH=-\log_{10}[H^+]=-\log_{10}[H_3O^+].[/tex]Where [H⁺] is the proton concentration in M. So we have to replace the given data in the formula:
[tex]pH=-\log_{10}{}\lbrack2.79\cdot10^{-11}]=10.55\approx10.6.[/tex]The pH of a [H⁺] = 2.79 x 10⁻¹¹ M solution would be 10.6.
What has happened in the field of forensics in the past few decades?
A.
Very few members of the public have heard of a case dealing with forensics.
B.
The use of forensics is more popular with the public and law enforcement.
C.
Colleges have stopped offering courses and majors in forensic science.
D.
It has become completely detached from the criminal justice system.
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
V atery few members of the public have heard of a case dealing with forensics. The use of forensics is more popular with the public and law enforcement. Colleges have stopped offering courses and majors in forensic science.
A 500 g sample of Al2(SO4)3 is reacted with 450 g of Ca(OH)2. A total of 596 g of CasO4 isproduced. What is the limiting reactant in this reaction, and how many moles of excess reactantare unreacted? Al2(SO4)3 (ag) + 3Ca(OH)2 (ag) -> 2Al(OH)3 (s) + 3CaSO4 (s)
Answers
ANSWER
[tex]undefined[/tex]EXPLANATION
Given that;
The mass of Al2(SO4)3 is 500 grams
The mass of Ca(OH)2 is 450 grams
The mass of CaSO4 is 596 grams
Follow the steps below to find the limiting reactant of the reaction
Step 1; Write the balanced equation of the reaction
[tex]\text{ Al}_2(SO_4)_{3(aq)}+\text{ 3Ca\lparen OH\rparen}_{2(aq)}\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ 2Al\lparen OH\rparen}_{3(s)}\text{ + 3CaSO}_{4(s)}[/tex]In the reaction above, 1 mole Al2(SO4)3 reacts with 3 moles Ca(OH)2 to give 2 moles Al(OH)3 and 3 moles CaSO4
Step 2; Determine the number of moles using the below formula
[tex]\text{ mole = }\frac{\text{ mass}}{\text{ molar mass}}[/tex]Recall, that the molar mass of Al2(SO4)3 is 342.15 g/mol and the molar mass of Ca(OH)2 is 74.093 g/mol
For Al2(SO4)3
[tex]\begin{gathered} \text{ Mole = }\frac{500}{\text{ 342.15}} \\ \text{ Mole = 1.461 moles} \end{gathered}[/tex]For Ca(OH)2
[tex]\begin{gathered} \text{ Mole = }\frac{\text{ 450}}{\text{ 74.093}} \\ \text{ Mole = 6.073 moles} \end{gathered}[/tex]Step 3; Find the limiting reactant of the reaction
To find the limiting reactant of the reaction, divide the moles of the reactant by the co-efficient of the compound
[tex]\begin{gathered} \text{ For Al}_2(SO_4)_3 \\ \text{ The mole ratio = }\frac{1.461}{1} \\ \text{ The mole ratio = 1.461 mol/wt} \\ \\ \text{ For Ca\lparen OH\rparen}_2 \\ \text{ The mole ratio = }\frac{\text{ 6.073}}{3} \\ \text{ The mole ratio = 2.024 mol/wt} \end{gathered}[/tex]Since the limiting reactant of the reaction is the reactant with the lowest number of mol/wt, then Al2(SO4)3 is the limiting reactant
[tex]\text{ The limiting reactant of the reaction is Al}_2(SO_4)_3[/tex]The excess reactant of the reaction is Ca(OH)2
Therefore, the no of moles of the excess reactant that is unreacted is
6.073 - 1.461 = 4.612 moles
Hence, the number of moles of the excess reactant that is unreacted is 4.621 moles
Which of the following is a combination reaction?A) C) N2 (g) + 02 (g) → 2NO (g)-BB) KOH (aq) + HNO3 (aq) → HN20 (/) + KNO3 (aq)CA) CaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → CaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)DD) AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) - AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)
Answers
Combination (also called synthesis): Where two elements or one compound and one element will bond and form a new compound as a product, the representation for this reaction is:
A + B -> AB
The only option that follows this description of Combination reaction is the first reaction:
N2 + O2 -> 2 NO
A dog
walks along the ground. If
the dog applies an action
force on the ground, what is
the reaction force?
Answers
Action and response are two forces that have the same magnitude but opposing directions.
Explanation.
The force used by a dog as it moves across the ground is known as the action force. The force that the earth exerts on the dog is the reaction force, on the other hand. Newton's third law of motion serves as its foundation.
What does walking on the ground include action and reaction force?When we walk on the ground, we push the earth backward with our feet, but the ground pushes our feet forward with an equal force, which propels us forward. Because of this, the action is the force that pushes the ground backward, and the reaction is the force by the ground on our feet.
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What is the balanced, net ionic equation for the reaction described below?Aqueous sodium phosphate and aqueous iron (III) chloride react to produce aqueous sodium chloride and solid iron (III) phosphate.
Answers
A net ionic equation is the one that only includes the ions that are involved in the formation of the solid.
According to the information the solid formed is iron (III) phosphate, and the ions involved are Fe3+ and PO43-.
It means that the net ionic equation is:
[tex]Fe_{(aq)}^{3+}+PO_{4(aq)}^{3-}\rightarrow FePO_{4(s)}[/tex]The correct answer is the second choice.
This type of bond is between two metals described as a "Sea of Electrons'?
Answers
Answer:
In the early 1900's, Paul Drüde came up with the "sea of electrons" metallic bonding
Electrons in atoms exist in particular energy levels. A _______ must be emitted or absorbed to move between energy levels.Question 19 options:A) photonB) electronC) particleD) quantum
Answers
Answer: We can complete the sentence as:
"Electrons in atoms exist in particular energy levels. A photon must be emitted or absorbed to move between energy levels" (letter A).
Explanation:
The question requires us to choose the best option to complete the sentence: "A ________________ must be emitted or absorbed to move between energy levels".
Energy levels are fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom where electrons can be found. Energy levels can be compared to stairs in a staircase: we can stand on a step, on the previous step or the next step, but never between them; this is what happens to electrons, as they can occupy one energy level or another but not the space between energy levels.
To move from one energy level to another, an electron must absorb energy (to move to a higher level) or emit energy (to move to a lower level). The energy difference between a lower starting level and a higher ending level must correspond to the energy of a photon of light absorbed in order to make the transition between energy levels possible. Additionally, electrons are usually unstable at excited states (when at a higher energy level that it was initially), and the electron quickly returns to the lower energy level emitting the excess of energy in the form of light (as a photon of light).
Therefore, considering the information above, we can complete the sentence as:
"Electrons in atoms exist in particular energy levels. A photon must be emitted or absorbed to move between energy levels" (letter A).
