Cellulose is a polymer of glucose which is polar as it has many exposed OH groups.
Cellulose has 5 OH groups. It is not soluble in water which is polar as the chain behaves as hydrophobic It is so long it makes a massive closed structure If the chain is cut into smaller chains it reacts extensively and is soluble in water which is polar. Cellulose chains can compromise more than 1000-2000 molecules.
Cellulose polymer is hydrophilic and tends to strongly interact with water. Water molecules interact easily with cellulose chains. At the cellulose chain interface, many hydrogen bonds are broken.
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Question The shape of the water molecule (H20) is O tetrahedral O trigonal planar O bent linear 4 Prevłous ace
Water molecule (H2O) has a tetrahedral molecule arrangement or an angular geometry.
What is characteristics of water molecule?Polar water molecules, with partial positive charges on the hydrogens and a partial negative charge on the oxygen, as well as an overall bent structure. This is because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, which means it attracts electrons more effectively. Water is a fantastic solvent.Water has four electron density regions surrounding the central oxygen atom (2 bonds and 2 lone pairs). These are organized in a tetrahedral pattern. The resulting molecular shape has a 104.5° H-O-H angle.Two hydrogen atoms are bonded to an oxygen atom to form a water molecule. The oxygen atom still has two electron pairs. These lone electron pairs and hydrogen atoms are as far apart as possible, forming a tetrahedral configuration.To learn more about water molecule refer to :
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C3H8(g) + 5 O2 (g) → 3 CO2 (g)+ 4 H2O (g)
What volume of oxygen is required to completely combust 0.828L of propane (C3H8) at STP?
The volume of oxygen required for the complete combustion of 0.828 L of propane at STP is 4.14 L.
What is a combustion reaction?A combustion reaction is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction that occurs when an oxidant, typically atmospheric oxygen, interacts with a fuel to generate oxidized, frequently gaseous products in a mixture known as smoke.
The volume of oxygen is required to completely combust 0.828 L of propane (C₃H₈) at STP is determined from the mole ratio of the reaction as given by the equation of the reaction below:
C₃H₈ (g) + 5 O₂ (g) → 3 CO₂ (g)+ 4 H₂O (g)
The mole ratio of propane to oxygen is 1 : 5
Hence, 5 moles of oxygen are required for the complete combustion of 1 mole of propane.
The molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.4 L
Hence, the moles of propane in 0.828 L of propane = 0.828/22.4 L
The volume of oxygen required for the complete combustion of 0.828 L of propane = 0.828/22.4 * 5 * 22.4
The volume of oxygen required = 4.14 L
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According to the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), buildings in the United States are responsible for ________ percent of CO2 emissions, 40 percent of the total energy consumption, and 13 percent of all water consumption
According to the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), buildings in the United States are responsible for 39 percent of CO2 emissions, 40 percent of the total energy consumption, and 13 percent of all water consumption.
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) reports that buildings in the United States are responsible for an alarming 39 percent of CO2 emissions, 40 percent of the total energy consumption, and 13 percent of all water consumption.
With the help of advanced mathematical models, we can develop strategies to reduce these figures and create a more sustainable future for our planet.
By investing in maths solutions, we can develop energy efficient buildings, reduce water usage and limit emissions of harmful pollutants. Together, we can create a cleaner and greener future for us all.
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how many hydroxide ions are present in 509 grams of copper ii hydroxide ?
The number of hydroxide ions, OH⁻ present in 509 grams of copper (ii) hydroxide, Cu(OH)₂ is 6.28×10²⁴ ions
How do I determine the number of ions?We'll begin by obtaining the mole of copper (ii) hydroxide, Cu(OH)₂. Details below:
Mass of Cu(OH)₂ = 509 gramsMolar mass of Cu(OH)₂ = 97.56 g/molMole of Cu(OH)₂ = ?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of Cu(OH)₂ = 509 / 97.56
Mole of Cu(OH)₂ = 5.22 moles
Next, we shall determine the mole of OH⁻ in 5.22 mole of Cu(OH)₂. This is shown below:
Cu(OH)₂(aq) <=> Cu²⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻(aq)
From the above equation,
1 mole of Cu(OH)₂ contains 2 moles of OH⁻
Therefore,
5.22 moles of Cu(OH)₂ will contain = 5.22 × 2 = 10.44 moles of OH⁻
Finally, we shall determine the number of ions of OH⁻. Details below:
From Avogadro's hypothesis,
1 mole of OH⁻ = 6.02×10²³ ions
Therefore,
10.44 moles of OH⁻ = 10.44 × 6.02×10²³
10.44 moles of OH⁻ = 6.28×10²⁴ ions
Thus, the number of ions is 6.28×10²⁴ ions
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which statement is true about the activity series? elements are listed according to their reactivity. elements are listed according to their atomic number. elements are listed according to their atomic radius. elements are listed according to their atomic mass.
elements are listed according to their reactivity is true about the activity series
What is reactive in chemistry?Reactive chemicals are those that can vigorously or violently release heat, energy, hazardous gases, or vapors when in proximity to air, water, or other common substances.
What is the reactivity process?When exposed to oxygen, the elements in a material undergo the reactive process of oxidation, which results in a proportional rise in valence. This reaction in geosynthetics causes a fundamental shift in the polymers and deterioration of the material's characteristics.
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Directions: For each of the following reactions:
1) Identify the type of reaction (Single Replacement, combination, double replacement, decomposition, or combustion)
2) Complete the reaction
3) Balance it
1) NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) →
2) Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) →
3) C4H10(g) + O2(g) →
4) Ba(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) →
5) AgNO3(aq) + Li(s) →
6) LiBI(g) + Cu(s) →
1) NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → double displacement
2) Fe + CuSO4 (aq) → FeSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) The type of reaction is a displacement reaction.
3) C4H 10(g) +O2(g) → 4CO2(g) +5H 2O(g) - combustion reaction
4)Ba (NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2NaNO3 -double replacement reaction
5) AgNO3 + Li = LiNO3 + Ag might be an ionic equation.- redox reaction
6) LiBr(aq) + Cu(s) = CuBr(s) + Li(s)- redox reaction (ionic equation)
Balanced chemical equations imply which of the following? a. Numbers of molecules are conserved in chemical change. b. Numbers of atoms are conserved in chemical change. c. Volume is conserved in chemical change. d. A and B
The conservation of molecular numbers in chemical change is implied by equations for chemical balance.
In a chemical equation that is balanced, what is conserved?Chemochemical reactions cannot change or change back into matter. The conservation of mass law is represented by this. The amount of matter that began in the reactants must equal the amount of matter that is produced in every chemical reaction. The conservation of mass in chemical reactions can be shown in well-balanced chemical equations.An equation for a chemical reaction is said to be balanced if both the reactants and the products have the same number of atoms and total charge for each element involved in the reaction. In other words, the reaction has equal amounts of mass and charge on both sides.To learn more about chemical equation refer to:
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As we go across the 2 ^ (nd) period toward Neon do we finally add an " octet " of electrons ?
Answer:
The electron configuration of neon, a noble gas. Neon has a full octet of eight valence electrons and therefore tends not to bond with other atoms.
2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
This is a balanced equation for the combustion of acetylene (C2H2). How many grams of acetylene(C2H2 ) are required to produce 1.0 moles of CO2?
10.0 grams
5.0 grams
0.20 grams
13.0 grams
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, a mass of 13 grams of C₂H₂ is required to produce 1.0 moles of CO₂.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
2 C₂H₂ + 5 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + 2 H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound are part of the reaction:
C₂H₂: 2 molesO₂: 5 molesCO₂: 4 molesH₂O: 2 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
C₂H₂: 26 g/moleO₂: 32 g/moleCO₂: 44 g/moleH₂O: 18 g/moleBy reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound are part of the reaction:
C₂H₂: 2 moles ×26 g/mole= 52 gramsO₂: 5 moles ×32 g/mole= 160 gramsCO₂: 4 moles ×44 g/mole= 176 gramsH₂O: 2 moles ×18 g/mole= 36 gramsMass of acetylene requiredThe following rule of three can be applied: If by reaction stoichiometry 4 moles of CO₂ are formed from 52 grams of C₂H₂, 1 mole of CO₂ is formed from how much mass of C₂H₂?
mass of C₂H₂= (1 mole of CO₂×52 grams of C₂H₂)÷ 4 mole of CO₂
mass of C₂H₂= 13 grams
Finally, 13 grams of C₂H₂ is required.
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Draw the Lewis structures for the formation of CaS from the calcium and sulfur atoms (3 pts)
The formation of molecule can easily be shown by drawing Lewis dot structure. Since atom's Lewis dot structure has three dots. Therefore, the Lewis structures for the formation of CaS from the calcium and sulfur atoms is Ca²⁺S²⁻.
What is Lewis dot structure?Lewis dot structure is a way to represent the valence electron of an element in the form of dot. These are mainly beneficial in understanding the chemical formula of covalent compound.
In CaS, calcium exist as Ca²⁺ and sulfur exist as S²⁻. Calcium gives two electrons from its outermost shell to sulfur.
Therefore, the Lewis structures for the formation of CaS from the calcium and sulfur atoms is Ca²⁺S²⁻.
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7.0 mol AgNO3 reacts with 3.0 mol Zn in
a single replacement reaction.
2AgNO3 + Zn → 2Ag + Zn(NO3)2
How many moles of Zn(NO3)2 form
from 7.0 mol AgNO3?
[?] mol Zn(NO3)2
Round your answer to the tenths place.
Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, 3.5mole of Zn(NO[tex]_3[/tex])[tex]_2[/tex] form 7.0 mol AgNO[tex]_3[/tex] is produced.
What is mole?The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.
The balanced equation for 7.0 mol AgNO[tex]_3[/tex] reaction with 3.0 mol Zn in
a single replacement reaction is
2AgNO[tex]_3[/tex] + Zn → 2Ag + Zn(NO[tex]_3[/tex])[tex]_2[/tex]
moles of AgNO[tex]_3[/tex] = 7.0 mol
The mole ratio between AgNO[tex]_3[/tex] and Zn(NO[tex]_3[/tex])[tex]_2[/tex] is 2:1
from 2 moles of AgNO[tex]_3[/tex], 1 mole of Zn(NO[tex]_3[/tex])[tex]_2[/tex]
from 1 moles of AgNO[tex]_3[/tex], 1/2 mole of Zn(NO[tex]_3[/tex])[tex]_2[/tex]
from 7.0 moles of AgNO[tex]_3[/tex], (1/2)× 7.0=3.5mole of Zn(NO[tex]_3[/tex])[tex]_2[/tex]
Therefore, 3.5mole of Zn(NO[tex]_3[/tex])[tex]_2[/tex] form 7.0 mol AgNO[tex]_3[/tex] is produced.
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What are the 3 main effects of climate change?
fill in the blanks: ozone is made of __________ and is broken down by __________.
a. hydrogen, zinc
b. sodium, molybdenum
c. oxygen, chlorine
d. chlorine, fluorine
Is ICl4? polar or nonpolar?
Since chlorine is more electronegative than iodine, each I-Cl bond is polar. Due to the square planar geometry, the compound anion itself is not polar.
What ICl4 called?The ICl4- Lewis Structure (Tetrachloroiodide Ion), Since chlorine has a higher electronegative valence than iodine, each I-Cl bond is polar. The square planar shape, however, prevents this compound anion from being polar.
The ICl4 ion, with five nuclei, forms an octahedron with two missing opposite vertices that is square planar in shape.
A central atom is surrounded by constituent atoms, which on the same plane serve as the square's corners, in square planar molecular geometry. Transition metal complexes with the d8 configuration are common examples of the geometry. A few examples of this are Rh(I), Ir(I), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au (III).
When describing the stereochemistry (spatial arrangement of atoms) used by some chemical compounds, square planar molecular geometry is used in chemistry.
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Calculate the average atomic mass of iron: isotope: 54fe; 56fe; 57fe; 58fe mass (amu): 53. 940; 55. 935; 56. 935; 57. 933 abundance: 5. 82 %; 91. 66 %; 2. 19 %; 0. 33 %.
The average atomic mass of fe with 3 isotopes is 55.96u
Given, abundance of isotopes,
54Fe-5%
56Fe 90%
57Fe-5%
(Considering the 3rd isotope as "Fe)
Thus, Atomic mass of Fe = ?
Atomic mass - Σabudnance x Mass number 100
= 5x54+90x56+5×57 / 100
= 55.95
Atomic mass of Fe = 55.95
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The average atomic mass of iron with isotopes Fe⁵⁴, Fe⁵⁶ , Fe⁵⁷ , Fe⁵⁸ is 55.84 amu.
Given
Isotopes Fe⁵⁴ = 53.940 amu and 5.82%
Isotopes Fe⁵⁶ = 55.935 amu and 91.66 %
Isotopes Fe⁵⁷ = 56.935 amu and 2.19 %
Isotopes Fe⁵⁸ = 57.933 amu and 0.33%
Average mass = (% abundance x isotope mass I + % abundance x isotopes mass II )/ 100
Average mass = (53.940 x 5.82% + 55.935 x 91.66 % +56.935 x 2.19 % + 57.933 x 0.33% ) /100
Average mass = 55.84 amu
Hence, average atomic mass is based on the abundance of isotopes.
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When an anion like F" gains an electron what element is its outer valence electron configuration
like?
Answer:
Ne, Neon
Explanation:
The Flourine Anion (F-) has one more electron (more negative) than nuetral Flourine.
The electrion configuration of neutral floruine is 1s2 2s2 2p5
If we add one more electron, to get anion fluorine (F-)
We get:
1s2 2s2 2p6 (giving us 10 electrons)
Which also matches the electron configuration of Neon, Ne
Describe how the water cycle influences weather
Water cycle is the process of transfer of water from one state to another in nature. It is the cycle of evaporation, condensation and precipitation.
Water cycle greatly influences the environment as well as climate. It is the determining factor on whether a region experiences rains or floods. It is extremely important for meeting the needs of society and ecosystems. Water is very important and is required in every aspect of our living, as well as living of other organisms.
Water cycle is also part of an environment cycle called the land breeze and the sea breeze. These are important facts in cloud formation, but also cyclone formation.
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What are 3 population trends of the world’s growth rat since 1960
During the reactions of ofglucose is to CO2 a. Glycolysis; oxidized b. Metabolism; reduced c. Glycolysis; reduced d. Catabolism; oxidized
During the reaction of glucose is to Co2, the glycolysis produces pyruvate, ATP, and NADH by oxidizing glucose. The answer is option (a).
In the process of the glycolysis reaction, the glucose is broke down into pyruvate and energy. a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). The hydroxyl groups allow for phosphorylation. The specific form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate. The glycolysis process involves the generation of two molecules of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
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Construct the molecular orbital diagram for He2+
A molecular orbital diagram is used to comprehend the bonding of a diatomic molecule. The magnetic characteristics of a molecule and how they change with ionisation can be determined using MO diagrams.
What does a molecular orbital diagram show?
One electron will occupy the antibonding molecular orbital, while two will occupy the bonding molecular orbital. In this instance, 0.5 is the bond order. Greater stability is associated with higher bond orders. This means that He2+2 H e 2 2 + is more stable than He+2 H e 2 +.
Three principles—the Aufbau Principle, the Pauli-Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule—must be followed when allocating electrons to orbitals.
A molecular orbital diagram is used to visualise the bonds within a diatomic molecule. The magnetic characteristics of a molecule and their ionization-related changes can be determined using MO diagrams. The number of bonds shared between the two atoms, or the bond order of the molecule, is likewise shown by them.
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element x decays radioactively with a half life of 5 minutes. if there are 700 grams of element x, how long, to the nearest tenth of a minute, would it take the element to decay to 20 grams?
Element x decays radioactively with a half-life of 5 minutes. if there are 700 grams of element x then element X will take 25.6 min to decay 20 grams to the nearest tenth of a min.
Formula of decay
A(t) = A₀e⁻×t
For half-life A(t) = 1/2
placing this value in equation
x = ln2/5
Now putting A(t) = 20, A₀ = 700 and x = ln2/5 in decay formula.
t = 25.6
Half-life, in radioactivity, is the amount of time needed for half of a radioactive sample's atomic nuclei to decay (change spontaneously into other nuclear species by emitting particles and energy), or, alternatively, the amount of time needed for a radioactive material's rate of disintegrations per second to decrease by half.
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How many of the six valence electrons in sulfur are used in bonds in sulfur tetrachloride and disulfur difluoride
For sulfur tetrachloride, all six of the valence electrons in sulfur are used in bonds.
In sulfur tetrachloride, the sulfur atom is bonded to four chlorine atoms, each chlorine atom having one lone pair of electrons and the sulfur atom having two lone pairs. For disulfur difluoride, four of the valence electrons in sulfur are used in bonds. In disulfur difluoride, the sulfur atom is bonded to two fluorine atoms, each fluorine atom having one lone pair of electrons and the sulfur atom having two lone pairs.Learn more about Valence electrons
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In a laboratory activity, the density of a sample of vanadium is determined to be 6. 9 g/cm3 at room temperature. What is the percent error for the determined value?.
When a vanadium sample's measured density at room temperature is 6.9 g/cm3, we can infer that there is a 13% inaccuracy in the measurement when compared to the true value of the density (6.1 g/cm3)
It can be analyzed through Experimental value- True value / True valueVanadium is found to have a density of 6.9 g/cm3 at room temperature in a laboratory experiment. The experimental value is this.When a vanadium sample's measured density at room temperature is 6.9 g/cm3, we can infer that there is a 13% inaccuracy in the measurement when compared to the true value of the density (6.1 g/cm3) Vanadium has a 6.1 g/cm3 density at room temperature, per the literature. The actual value is this.To know more about Percentage error here
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When a vanadium sample's measured density at room temperature is 6.9 g/cm3, we can infer that there is a 13% error in the measurement when compared to the true value of 6.1 g/cm3 (Option C).
Vanadium is found to have a density of 6.9 g/cm3 at room temperature in a laboratory experiment.
Vanadium has a 6.1 g/cm3 density at room temperature, per the literature. The actual value is this.
The following expression can be used to calculate the measurement's percent error.
ε = [tex]\frac{experimental value - true value }{true value}[/tex] x 100
Thus when a vanadium sample's measured density at room temperature is 6.9 g/cm3, we can infer that there is a 13% error in the measurement when compared to the true value of 6.1 g/cm3 (Option C).
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Dry ice in an ice-cream cart disappears. O melting O freezing O sublimation O condensation
Dry ice in an ice-cream cart disappears on sublimation .
In general , because of the process of absorption of heat , dry ice when present in the solid state is directly transformed directly into a gas without being converted into a liquid state and thus disappears. Dry ice get physical transformation by the process of sublimation that is from solid to the gaseous state without melting into a liquid.
Hence , we can say that sublimation is a process that is used to explain about the process of snow and ice changing into water vapor (gas) in the air without melting into water. Dry ice is generally present in solid state, that get to sublimate, or turn to gas, at a chilly -78.5 °C.
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Use the template below to construct a MO diagram for the BeN molecule and use it to answer the following questions.
In a diagram like the one below, the N atom in BeN would be represented by Atom ___A or B
In the completed diagram for BeN, the number of electrons in bonding orbitals is: ___
in antibonding orbitals is: ___
What is the bond order? If a fraction is needed, use a decimal number.
BeN is _________paramagnetic or diamagnetic.
Atomic orbitals, which reflect the distribution of electrons over two or more atoms, are combined linearly to form molecular orbitals.
What is the magnetic makeup and bond order of the He2 molecule?The bond order of $ H 2 + $ is therefore $ 0.5 $. One unpaired electron can be seen in the antibonding orbital when looking at the electrical arrangement. Therefore, $He 2+$ is paramagnetic.He2+ molecule's MO diagram's computed bond order is 0.5.Thus, the proper sequence of stability is: "H 2gtH 2" and "He 2" are capitalized. Additionally, because the hydrogen molecule ion has only one electron and no electron-electron repulsion, "H 2" (plus) is a little bit more stable than "He 2" (plus). Due to its higher bond order (bond order = 1) than He2+ (bond order = 1/2), the He22+ ion is more stable.Orbitals of molecules. an orbital with a specific energy and form that covers a molecule and can only hold two paired electrons. a MO bond. a molecular orbital is created when wave functions are joined to one another, raising the electron density between the nuclei.
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(ii) Name one nitrogen containing fertilizer that is always applied in agriculture, but can pollute water. (01 mark)
Answer:
alminum
Explanation:
beacause its amzing
A bar of Sam's coconut oil soap has a mass of 132 grams. The rectangular bar is 8 centimeters long, 6 centimeters wide, and 2.5 centimeters high.
Calculate the density of Sam's coconut oil soap.
Write your answer as a decimal.
____ grams per cubic centimeter
The density of the coconut oil soap is 1.1 grams per cubic centimeter.
What is the density of a substance?The relationship between a substance's mass and the volume it occupies is known as its density. The density of a substance is determined by the mass, size, and arrangement of its atoms.
Mathematically, the density (D) of a substance is defined as the product of a substance's mass and volume.
density = mass/volumeThe density of the coconut oil soap is:
Mass of soap = 132 grams
Volume of soap = 8 * 6 * 2.5 cm³
The volume of the soap = 120 cm³
Density of soap = 132 / 120
The density of the soap = 1.1 g/cm³
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a 1.500 g mixture of caco3 and cao is heated. what was the mass percentage of caco3 in the mixture if the mass after heating is 1.103g
60.2% will be mass percentage of CaCO₃ in the mixture if the mass after heating is 1.103g.
The balanced chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate is:
CaCO₃(s) ⇒ CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
The mass after heating contains CaO only.
Mass CO₂ = 1.500g - 1.103g
= 0.397g
Molar mass of CaCO₃ = 0.356g CO₂ *1molCO₂/44.01gCO₂ * 1molCaCO₃/1molCO₂ * 100.08/1molCaCO₃ = 0.9027
The mass percentage of calcium carbonate in the mixture is established by taking the ratio between the mass of calcium carbonate and the total mass of the mixture multiplied by 100.
%CaCO₃ = 0.9027g/1.500g * 100
= 60.2
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The mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10-27 kg. What is the mass of a proton in Gigagrams?
If the mass of proton is 1.67 × 10-27 kg, then the mass of proton is Gigagram is [tex]1.67X10^{-33} Gg.[/tex]
Proton is the sub-atomic particle which is present inside the nucleus of the atoms and they are positively charged. Neutrons which are negatively charged and positively charged protons are found in the nucleus of the atoms.
As per the given data in the question:
The mass of the proton is given as 1.67 × 10-27 kg.
For conversion to the gigagrams the following conversion factor is used,
1 Gg=[tex]10^{6}[/tex] kg.
Using the above conversion factor, the mass of proton in Gigagrams is given as [tex]1.67X10^{-33} Kg\\[/tex].
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How many individual atoms (hydrogen and oxygen atoms) are in ONE MOLECULE of water?
One water molecule (H2O) contained two hydrogens (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom (O). As a result, one molecule of water contains three atoms.
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