The lipids that form the membranes have the structure, polar heads and nonpolar tails; polar heads interact with water.
What is the main feature of lipids?The insolubility in water is the main characteristic of lipids. As they are non-polar compounds, water, being polar, has no influence on their structure. On the other hand, they are soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers and ketones.
What are the simplest units of lipids?Some types of lipids are built from fatty acids. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. The simplest are triglycerides, or triacylglycerols, which are composed of three fatty acids, joined with ester bonds to glycerol.
Despide these, all lipids have these common characterstics:
They are soluble in organic solventsTheir basic structure includes polar heas, which are hydrophilic and non-polar tails, which are hydrophobicLearn more about lipids in brainly.com/question/3498396
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Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful in an organism, changing their fitness in a population. which of these scenarios model how mutations can be detrimental to an organism ? select all that apply
Mutations can be categorized into three main groups based on how they affect fitness: the "good" or advantageous mutations that improve fitness, the "bad" or deleterious mutations that reduce fitness, and the "indifferent" or the neutral mutations are usually remain unaffected by selection because their effects are very small
One of the primary mechanisms driving the evolution is mutation, it increases population variability and promotes the evolutionary changes . For instance,
the consequences of mutations frequently depend on other mutations present or absent their effects can also depend on the environment the fate of mutations may depend on size and structure of population, which can severely limit the ability of selection to discriminate among the three types (making all seem nearly ‘indifferent’)mutations' fate can also be depend on fate of others that have more pronounced effects and are in close proximity on the same chromosome.To this purpose, we should take into account a variety of molecular and phenotypic characteristics of evolution and the extant populations, and ask how these characteristics may get described in terms of mutational rates and types, as well as how they are impacted by factors that are going to determine their futures.
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using the key choices, characterize the following statements relating to long bones. enter the appropriate term(s) or letter(s) in the answer blanks. key choices: diaphysis c. epiphysis e. yellow marrow cavity epiphyseal plate d. red marrow
Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Red marrow, Diaphysis, Yellow membrane cavity, epiphyseal plate are the characteristics of the long bone.
Long bones are tough, dense bones that offer stability, movement, and strength. The femur, or thigh bone, is a long bone. A long bone has two ends and a shaft. Despite their small lengths, some of the fingers bones are categorized as long bones.
The characters of long bones are:
Epiphysis is the Site of spongy bone in adult.Diaphysis is the Site of compact bone in the adult.Red marrow is the Site of hematopoiesis in the adult bone.Diaphysis is the Scientific name for bone shaft.Yellow membrane cavity is the Site of fat storage in the adult.Epiphyseal plate is the site of longitudinal growth in a child.To know more about bones visit the link:
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which human activity is least likely to be a major threat to marine systems? group of answer choices habitat destruction from coastal development runoff of nonpoint source pollution overfishing sinking of ships to create artificial reefs invasive species introduced by humans
Human entertainment is least likely to pose the greatest threat to marine systems. Overfishing and sinking ships to create artificial coral reefs
Marine biology is the study of marine organisms, their behavior, and their interactions with the environment. Marine biologists discover marine life by studying chemistry, physics, and geological oceanography related to biological oceanography. Seafood or clam shells like our bodies; marine engines generated by the action of ocean currents or waves; with marine sediments.
Marine biologists don't have that kind of immersion now. Many roles are performed in the laboratory or on the job site, and fieldwork regularly includes research that may be performed on a boat or on the shore. You don't even need to understand how to swim! Of course, it is very interesting to have underwater next to the animal you are analyzing. Marine and aquatic biology is the study of marine and freshwater organisms, their behavior, and their interactions with the environment. Marine and aquatic biology is a sub-discipline of oceanography and biology.
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which is not a similarity between glycogen and amylopectin? which is not a similarity between glycogen and amylopectin? each has one reducing end and many nonreducing ends. each has branches of similar chain length. they each contain about 6000 glucose residues. each is highly branched.
Answer:
Amylopectin is an insoluble form of starch
Explanation:
Amylopectin is an insoluble form of starch
penicillin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by binding to the active site of an enzyme involved in synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. which of the following phenomena best describes the mechanism of action of penicillin? penicillin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by binding to the active site of an enzyme involved in synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. which of the following phenomena best describes the mechanism of action of penicillin? noncompetitive inhibition competitive inhibition allosteric regulation feedback inhibition
The phenomenon that best describes the mechanism of action of penicillin is competitive inhibition.
In the field of biology, competitive inhibition can be described as a phenomenon in which a molecule that is similar to the actual substrate binds to the active site rather than the actual substrate. As the actual substrate and the molecule are similar hence they both can fit into the active site.
The antibiotic, penicillin, uses this phenomenon to kill the bacteria. The components of the antibiotic bind to an active site for the enzyme that is responsible for making the cell wall of the bacteria.
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someone pls help me with this
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Answer:
(a) ATP , Carbon dioxide
The b allele is dominant to the b allele. If two heterozygotes mate, what is the probability that the offspring will also be heterozygous.
The genotype ratio that should result from the cross of two heterozygotes is 1 (homozygous dominant): 2 (heterozygous): 1. (homozygous recessive).
Is BB homozygous recessive, heterozygous, or homozygous dominant?A homozygous dominant genotype is characterised by the presence of two dominant alleles for a characteristic in an organism. This genotype is designated as BB using the example of eye colour. A heterozygous genotype is one in which an organism possesses both a dominant and a recessive gene. This genotype is designated as Bb in our example.
The phenotypes of AA and Aa individuals are identical in total dominance. In incomplete dominance, the phenotype in a heterozygous person is noticeably less pronounced than it is in a person who is homozygous for the dominant allele, resulting in distinct phenotypes for the AA and Aa genotypes.
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please be quick
don’t guess
Answer:
c
Explanation:
effects of poor sanitation
Answer: diseases and it'll lead to pollution
Explanation:
When there is a failure to control the cell cycle, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth it is known as?.
When there is a failure to control the cell cycle, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth it is known as cancer.
Cancer can be described as a condition in which particular cells of the body start to divide in an uncontrolled manner. As a result of this uncontrolled division, the cells of the own body turn out to be disruptive to the body.
If the cells keep on dividing in an uncontrolled manner, they will keep on multiplying and spreading to different parts of the body.
Due to these uncontrolled divisions, cancer can be a threatful disease and diagnosing it during the early stages gives more chances of survival than the later ones.
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Some steps in cell division are shown below:
1. Haploid chromosomes align in the center of the cell
2. Sister chromatids separate
3. The cell undergoes cytokinesis
4. Four new daughter cells, with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell form.
The steps above most likely describe?
__________________________________________________
Prophase
Meiosis 2
Interphase
Meiosis 1
The steps above most likely describe Meiosis 2, which occurs after Interkinesis. Cell division is of two types: Mitosis and Meiosis.
The formation of four haploid daughter cells is the characteristic feature of Meiosis 2. Separation of sister chromatids, alignment of haploid chromosomes, and formation of four daughter cells occur in the second half of meiosis.
Ploidy level changes in heredity during the onset of Meiosis. Meiosis segregates and restores the ploidy level from one generation to another. Meiosis is a defining trait of haploid cells and haploid organisms. Crossing over leading to variations is an integral part of Meiosis.
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Answer:It is B
Explanation:
Question 8 of 10
What is the next step in the scientific method, following forming a
hypothesis?
O A. Conducting an experiment
O B. Stating the question
OC. Analyzing the data
OC. Analyzing the data is the next step in the scientific method, following forming a hypothesis
What is a hypothesis tested by science?Making conjectures (hypothetical explanations), drawing predictions as logical conclusions from the hypotheses, and then conducting tests or making actual observations based on those predictions are all steps in the scientific method.
The steps of the scientific method should be followed in this order: notice a phenomena, formulate a hypothesis, plan and carry out an experiment to verify the hypothesis, analyse and interpret the data, and then communicate the findings to other scientists.
An "informed guess" is how the term hypothesis is defined. A scientific theory has to satisfy two requirements: it has to be testable, and it has to be falsifiable. It is not considered scientific when a theory cannot be verified by observation.
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Why are enzymes so important in metabolic reactions?
Answer:
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies. They build some substances and break others down. All living things have enzymes.
Which organism from the video is the least useful for relative dating?
answer: scallop
this is possibly because scallops are still common vs. any other option that was prehistoric [ferns, trilobite, dino, sycamore leaf]
The organism that is least useful for the process of relative dating: scallop.
Relative dating is a technique or method in Geology that is deployed in order to ascertain the relative sequence of events that have occurred in the pasts. Relative dating is helpful as it can tell about the relative order of past events without the estimation of their absolute age. Relative dating techniques help in determining the relative age of a particular item of interest in comparison to other objects found at a particular site.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
Which organism from the video is the least useful for relative dating?
Hints:-
sycamore leaf
scallop
dinosaur
fern
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. which of the following correctly identify which organs develop from different embryonic tissue layers in a frog? liver develops from endoderm, nerves develops from mesoderm, muscles develop from ectoderm brain develops from endoderm, heart develops from mesoderm, epidermis develops from ectoderm liver develops from endoderm, heart develops from mesoderm, brain develops from ectoderm notochord develops from endoderm, liver develops from mesoderm, eye lens develops from ectoderm
The following correctly identifies which organs develop from different embryonic tissue layers in a frog is Gastrula.
The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system and epidermal skin cells the mesoderm gives rise to the muscle cells and connective tissue in the body, and the endoderm gives rise to the digestive system and other internal organs. The fertilized egg becomes a hard ball of cells increase. It then becomes a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst In the uterus the blastocyst nests in the uterine wall.
Attaches to the placenta and develops into an embryo surrounded by a fluid-filled membrane. Gastrulation is defined as an early developmental process in which the embryo transforms from a one-dimensional layer of epithelial cells and reorganizes into a multilayered and multidimensional structure called the gastrula. Cotyledons are the primary cell layer formed during embryonic development.
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When the ground becomes saturated in a rain storm and the excess cannot be soaked up, the water will travel along the ground until it hits a low-lying area or a larger body of water. The water that is not absorbed into the ground, including the larger body of water, is _______.
A.
groundwater
B.
a puddle
C.
fertilizer
D.
surface water
The water that is not absorbed into the ground, including the larger body of water, is surface water and is denoted as option D.
What is Surface water?This is referred to as the body of water which is present on a terrestrial surface such as land etc.
Examples of surface water include rivers, oceans etc and they comprise of the water that is not absorbed into the ground to form what is known as ground water due to different types of factors and parameters which is therefore the reason why option D was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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The bigger body of water, as well as the water that is not absorbed into the earth, is considered surface water. Thus, option D is correct.
What are the factor in formation of surface water?Rainfall is the principal source of surface water. It is a mixture of groundwater and surface runoff.
Groundwater and surface water are intimately related. Through the pores and fissures in the soil, sand, and rocks, some surface water seeps deep into the ground.
Runoff is the term for the surface water that results from precipitation and melted snow.
Therefore, The water that is not absorbed into the ground, including the larger body of water, is surface water.
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pls help
What part of the brain is the arrow pointing to in the diagram below?
Pituitary gland
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
did it matter whether the cells for the catalase test were grown in broth or on slants? that is, did the medium affect the catalase reaction for a given species? why or why not?
The answer to the statement " did it matter whether the cells for the catalase test were grown in broth or on slants " is that does not matter.
The medium of a catalase reaction in a species of an organism is not affected. Why is that it does not matter whether the cells for the catalase test were grown in any medium?The simple reason why it does not matter when the cells which are used for catalase test were grown in any medium is that it still produce the same results in either way.
However, catalase test can also be transferred even to a slide.
So therefore, we can confirm now that the medium to demonstrate catalase test does not matter.
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Please Help Mehhhhh!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
what would be the overall yield to produce a four-base dna strand by solid-phase synthesis if each coupling reaction had a yield of 90% and all protection/deprotection reactions had 100% yields (rounded to the nearest percent)?
To nearest percent, the overall yield is or 66% which is needed to produce a four-base dna strand by solid-phase synthesis if each coupling reaction had a yield of 90% and all protection/deprotection reactions had 100% yields .
N-protected arginine (R) residue is initially attached to resin with its C-terminal during the solid phase production of KAVR. Deprotected arginine's amino terminus undergoes interaction with N-protected valine (V). The N-protected dipeptide is also deprotected and couples with N-protected alanine (A). In order to create an N-protected tetrapeptide, the N-protected tripeptide that was previously created must be deprotected.
The tetrapeptide is liberated from the resin after being deprotected.There are therefore a total of four coupling reactions with 90% yields.Thus, the overall yield is 65.6% (66%), or 90%*90%*90%*90%.Here is another question with an answer similar to this about coupling reaction: https://brainly.com/question/28098538
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What piece controls the amount of light that enters
the microscope ?
Trans fats are made by a process of adding hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated fatty acid, making them more saturated. What is this process called?.
The process of hydrogenation, which increases an unsaturated fatty acid's saturation by adding hydrogen atoms, produces trans fats.
What is an unsaturated fatty acid example?Alpha-linolenic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid are a few examples of unsaturated fats.
What components make up an unsaturated fatty acid?Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), which are divided into monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, are long-chain hydrocarbons with at least one double covalent bond and an end in a carboxyl group (-COOH). Both of these types of UFAs provide significant health benefits for people.
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of the following, which phenotype would most likely be observed in mutants of e. coli lacking a key enzyme in the ed pathway? choose one: a. loss of ability to grow anaerobically b. inability to form biofilms c. lack of flagellar motility d. increased virulence e. reduced ability to colonize the mammalian gut
Phenotype would most likely be observed in mutants of e. coli lacking a key enzyme in the ed pathway is option b inability to form biofilms
The term "biofilm" describes the intricate, sessile colonies of bacteria that are either firmly embedded in an extracellular matrix or adhering to a surface.
An extracellular polymeric material matrix surrounds an assembly of surface-associated microbial cells that is known as a biofilm. Van Leeuwenhoek is credited with discovering microbial biofilms after he discovered bacteria on tooth surfaces using his crude microscopes. Heukelekian and Heller discovered the "bottle effect" for marine microorganisms, which states that the presence of a surface on which these organisms may cling significantly increased bacterial activity and growth. Zobell noticed that there were noticeably more bacteria on surfaces than there were in the surrounding environment (in this case, seawater). The electron microscope, which enables high-resolution photomicroscopy at far higher magnifications than the light microscope, would be necessary for a thorough analysis of biofilms
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Answer:
Explanation:
Option(A) reduced ability to colonize the mammalian gut is the correct answer.
E. coli uses the ED route to break down sugar acids present in the mucus of mammalian guts.
What does "ED pathway" refer to?
Pathway of Entner-Doudoroff
The metabolic process known as the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) Pathway is particularly significant in Gram-negative bacteria, some Gram-positive bacteria, and archaea.
In the ED pathway, glucose serves as the substrate, and pyruvate is produced because of a series of chemical events with the help of enzymes.
What role does the ED pathway play?
In the breakdown of gluconate (Gnt), the ED pathway enzymes Edd and Eda play important roles.
Numerous microbes can use gnt, a sugar acid present in the intestinal environment, as a source of energy.
the bacterium E. gnt is used by coli via the ED route.
What accomplishes the ED pathway?
The EMP pathway's initial steps, which include fructose derivatives, can be avoided by using the ED pathway, which offers a glycolytic shortcut.
Another glycolytic route that skips the transition from G-6-P to fructose-6-phosphate begins with the ED intermediate gluconate-6-P.
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a common inhabitant of human intestines is the bacterium escherichia coli. a cell of this bacterium in a nutrient-broth medium divides into two cells every 20 minutes. the initial population of a culture is 52 cells. find the relative growth rate. (assume t is measured in hours.)
Relative growth rate of the bacterium will be k=ln8
E. coli: Escherichia coli, more commonly referred to as just E. coli, is well-known for causing severe human illness, but there are only a few strains. The majority of strains are harmless and naturally occur in the human intestine.
From the equation: [tex]p(t) = p_{o} e^{kt}[/tex]
[tex]\\p_{o} = 52, t= 20 min = \frac{20}{60} hr = \frac{1}{3} hr.[/tex]
To find Relative growth:
[tex]\frac{p(t)}{p_{o} } = 2[/tex] at [tex]t= \frac{1}{3} hr\\[/tex] (as cell divide into 2 in first 20 min)
[tex]2= e^{\frac{k}{3} } , ln2= \frac{k}{3}[/tex]
therefore, k= ln8
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PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
B. Spore
Spores are unicellular, surrounded by layers of membrane to resist high temperatures, and other environmental factors.
Answer:
B. Spore
Explanation:
Spores are typically single-celled (haploid) and have thick walls so that they can resist high temperatures, humidity, and other environmental conditions.
the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) uses rna, rather than dna, to encode genetic information. during infection, however, hiv uses an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase to generate double-stranded dna. generally speaking, how would the enzyme generate a double strand of dna from a single strand of rna?
In order to create a second strand of DNA that is complementary to the first one, reverse transcriptase first catalyzes the synthesis of a DNA copy from the viral RNA.
What is DNA?Single-stranded RNA is transformed into DNA by the DNA polymerase enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT), also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. This enzyme can produce a double helix DNA after the RNA has been reverse transcribed in a first step into a single-strand DNA.Transcription is the first step in gene expression. The DNA sequence of a gene needs to be duplicated in order to produce an RNA molecule. Transcription is carried out by RNA polymerases, which combine nucleotides to form an RNA strand.The process of producing RNA from the genetic material found in DNA is called transcription. RNA polymerases, which combine nucleotides to make an RNA strand, carry out transcription.In order to create a second strand of DNA that is complementary to the first one, reverse transcriptase first catalyzes the synthesis of a DNA copy from the viral RNA.To learn more about DNA refer to:
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atrazine and the electron transport chain atrazine is one of the most widely used agricultural pesticides. atrazine kills plants by binding to a component of the electron transport chain on the thylakoid membrane on photosystem ii. atrazine prevents electrons from passing along the electron transport chain causing all downstream electron carriers to stay in an oxidized form (lodish, 2004.) the major claim of atrazine is that atrazine prevents electron flow in photosystem ii. how could you test this idea that atrazine affects electron flow in the photosystems and not the calvin cycle?
Photosynthesis function to absorb light and use electron transport chains to convert energy. The Calvin cycle reactions assemble carbohydrate molecules with this energy.
Photosynthesis use electron transport chains to convert energy while absorbing light. With this energy, the Calvin cycle reactions put carbohydrate molecules together.
Photosynthesis definition?
Given that the fundamental process has changed little throughout the course of time, all photosynthetic species have a strikingly similar evolutionary history.
The method and elements of photosynthesis that use water as an electron donor are generally the same in all forms of photosynthesis, including the enormous tropical leaves in the rain forest and small cyanobacteria.
Photosynthesis use electron transport chains to convert energy while absorbing light. With this energy, the Calvin cycle reactions put carbohydrate molecules together.
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methotrexate is a drug that can inhibit cell division by preventing the synthesis of purine bases. cells treated with methotrexate arrest at a particular stage of the cell cycle. q5.12 points during which stage of the cell cycle would you expect cells treated with methotrexate to arrest? briefly explain your reasoning in 1-2 sentences.
Methotrexate arrest cells at the late S-phase of the cell cycle.
Since methotrexate arrests cells in the late S-phase of the cell-progressive cycle, which is when DNA synthesis is occurring and they exhibit no discernible increase in DNA content, and no M-phase occurs, the outcomes of the methotrexate treatment may be more comparable to those shown for other treatments.
These traits may be seen in the graph of the cells treated with medication A, where a rise in x indicates that DNA synthesis is occurring while a drop in 2 indicates that no M-phase, or mitotic phase, is occurring.
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in order for molecule x to cross the plasma membrane of a cell, it must first bind to an integral membrane protein. the binding of molecule x to the integral membrane protein immediately causes a conformational change to the integral membrane protein, which exposes molecule x to the other side of the membrane where it is then released. what is this an example of? neutral transport active transport passive transport
This is an example of passive transport ( Facilitated Diffusion).
A type of membrane transport called passive transport moves materials across cell membranes without the use of energy. Active transport uses cellular energy to transfer materials across cell membranes, whereas passive transport uses the second law of thermodynamics.
A form of passive transport is facilitated transport. In contrast to simple diffusion, when substances flow across a membrane without the aid of membrane proteins, substances diffuse over the plasma membrane in aided transport, also known as facilitated diffusion.
Permeases are membrane transport proteins that bind to many substrates, including galactose, fructose, and glucose, for example. This binding causes the transmembrane permease domains to alter conformation, enabling passive transport of the substrate across the membrane.
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Of the three carotenoids that can be converted to retinol in the body, ______ is the only one that can be sufficiently absorbed and converted into retinol in the body.
Beta-carotene is the only one of the three carotenoids that can be converted to retinol in the body that is sufficiently absorbed and converted.
Provitamin A carotenoids such as alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin can be converted by the body to retinol. Nonprovitamin A carotenoids include lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene because they cannot be converted to retinol.
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