The power needed to run this air conditioning system is 0.466 KW. an ideal closed thermodynamic cycle that is reversible in which the working substance undergoes four isothermal expansion processes in succession.
Step 1: Information is provided
The house's heat transfer rate is 755 kJ/min (Ql).
Temperature inside the home = Th = 24°C = 24 +273 = 297 Kelvin
Temperature outside is 35 °C, which is equivalent to 35 + 273 Kelvin.
Step 2: Determine the performance coefficient of a reversed carnot air conditioner operating within the given temperature ranges.
COPr,c = ((To/Th) - 1) / 1)
COPr,c = 1 /((308/297) - 1)
COPr,c = 1/ 0.037
COPr,c = 27
Step 3: The power input can be provided as described below:
Ql / COPr,max = Wnet,in
= 755 / 27 Wnet, in
Wnet,in equals 27,963 kJ/min
Win is equal to 27.963 * 1 KW/60 kJ/min, or 0.466 KW.
The power needed to run this air conditioning system is 0.466 KW.
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on the i-35w bridge, fatigue cracks in the deck truss and in the approach span girders were observed in an inspection. what was the solution devised to deal with this cracking?
An assessment of the i-35w bridge revealed fatigue cracks in the deck truss and approach span girders. Fatigue crack arresting holes were drilled in the components to deal with this cracking.
What is fatigue?
Fatigue is defined in materials science as the beginning and propagation of cracks in a material caused by cyclic loading. Once a fatigue crack has begun, it expands a little amount with each loading cycle, resulting in striations on some portions of the fracture surface. The crack will continue to grow until it reaches a critical size, which occurs when the crack's stress intensity factor exceeds the material's fracture toughness, resulting in rapid propagation and, in most cases, total fracture of the structure.
An inspection in 2001 revealed fatigue cracks in the deck truss and approach bridge girders on the I-35 Bridge. Because of the fissures, the cross girders were also distorted. As a result, the problem was managed by cutting holes in the components and adding support struts to the cross girders for added stability.
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a new interstate highway is being built with a design speed of 70mph. for one of the horizontal curves, the radius (measured to the innermost vehicle path) is tentatively planned as 2500 feet. what rate of superelevation is required for this curve?
The rate of superelevation is required for this curve.
What is superelevation?
Superelevation is a technique for building infrastructure in which the outer edge of a pavement is elevated above the inner margin. It's a key safety component in the design requirements of any road with bends. It is an aspect of the vertical alignment or "profile" of a road viewed in cross-section. A superelevated road requires meticulous design. Its construction calls for the expenditure of large amounts of materials, heavy machinery, and labour. However, if it is executed properly, most people hardly even notice it. Superelevation is more frequently referred to as "cant" or "banking," like a racing speedway's banked track.
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compressors, the gas is often cooled while being compressed to reduce the power consumed by the compressor. explain how cooling the gas during a compression process reduces the power consumption.
The amount of work done by steady flow devices varies with the particular gas volume. The kinetic energy of gas particles decreases during cooling.
When the gas is subjected to intermediate cooling during compression, the gas specific volume is reduced, which lowers the compressor's power consumption. Compression is less adiabatic and more isothermal because the compressed gas must be cooled between stages since compression produces heat. The system's thermodynamic cycle's cold sink temperature is lowered by cooling the compressor coils. By increasing the temperature difference between the heat source and the cold sink, this improves efficiency.
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The artisan makes a batch of pillows on Monday and makes x more pillows on Tuesday to sell at the convention.
The expression 6(12+x) represents the total amount of time, in hours, the artisan spends making pillows on Monday and Tuesday.
Which statement about (12+x) is true?
Responses
The expression (12+x) is a factor that represents the total number of pillows the artisan makes on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression ( 12 + x ) is a factor that represents the total number of pillows the artisan makes on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression (12+x) is a factor that represents the total number of hours the artisan spends making pillows on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression ( 12 + x ) is a factor that represents the total number of hours the artisan spends making pillows on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression (12+x) is a constant that represents the total number of pillows the artisan makes on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression ( 12 + x ) is a constant that represents the total number of pillows the artisan makes on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression (12+x) is a constant that represents the total number of hours the artisan spends making pillows on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression ( 12 + x ) is a constant that represents the total number of hours the artisan spends making pillows on Monday and Tuesday.
The statement about (12+x) that is true is that A.The expression (12+x) is a factor that represents the total number of pillows the artisan makes on Monday and Tuesday.
What is an expression?An expression is simply used to show the relationship between the numbers or variables illustrated.
In this case, the artisan makes a batch of pillows on Monday and makes x more pillows on Tuesday to sell at the convention.
Here, (12 + x) is a common factor that illustrates the number relating to the pillows.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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tech a says that lead oxide acts as an insulator on the battery posts and has to be scraped away. tech b says that current can leak across the dirt on the surface of the battery. who is correct?
According to the question of lead oxide, both A and B are correct.
What is lead oxide?
Lead oxide, often known as lead monoxide, is an inorganic chemical having the molecular formula PbO. PbO exists in two polymorphs: litharge with a tetragonal crystal structure and massicot with an orthorhombic crystal structure. PbO's modern applications are mostly in lead-based industrial glass and industrial ceramics, particularly computer components. According to X-ray crystallography, both polymorphs, tetragonal and orthorhombic, have a pyramidal four-coordinate lead core. The four lead-oxygen bonds are the same length in the tetragonal form, whereas two are shorter and two are longer in the orthorhombic form. The pyramidal structure suggests the presence of a stereo chemically active lone pair of electrons.
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sand a has a fineness modulus of 2.5 and sand b a fineness modulus of 2.95. everything else being equal, which sand will require a greater water content when used in concrete?
For lower water cement ratio high value of fineness modulus should be adopted and for higher water cement ratio low value of fineness modulus should be preferred
therefore in this situation the sand A has low fineness modulus than sand B so sand A will require more water and sand B will require less water when used in concrete.
Although fineness modulus is inversely proportional to water requirement.
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an ideal otto cycle has a compression ratio of 7.4 and produces a net work output of 328.1 kj/kg. at the beginning of the compression process, air is at 282 k and 193.4 kpa. calculate the mean effective pressure for the cycle in kpa. 906.53 1.35 1.96 379.37 none of the above
The compression ratio and the equation = cp/cv determine the thermal efficiency of the air-standard Otto cycle.
With a higher compression ratio, the ideal Otto cycle becomes more thermally efficient. We come to the conclusion that the thermal efficiency of the air-standard Otto cycle is a function of the compression ratio and = cp/cv after rewriting the calculation for thermal efficiency using the compression ratio. The constant volume heat addition cycle, often known as the Otto cycle, takes into account one unique instance of an internal combustion engine where the combustion is so quick that the piston does not move, leading to the assumption that combustion occurs at constant volume.
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in the construction of a large reactor pressure vessel, a new steel alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 50 mpa-m1/2 and a y value of 1. an in-service stress level of 150 mpa has been calculated. what is the length of a surface crack (in mm) that will lead to fracture?
The length of a surface crack that will lead to fracture is 35.29mm.
What do you mean by surface crack?
The surface crack in flexure (SCF) method employs a Knoop indentation to create a tiny semielliptical surface precrack in a bent bar. The DC Potential Drop Method can detect surface crack configuration. The crack shape can be determined with some accuracy by measuring the potential difference distribution along the surface cracks of a structural material subjected to DC current.
given, Kiс=50mpa√m
Y= 1.0
б=150mpa
find a= ? in(mm)
Formula,
Kic=Y.б√πa
where, Kic= Toughness due to fracture
б= applies stress
a= length of the crack
Y= Factor (geometrical)
Now, Kic=Y.б√πa
50=(1.0).(150).√πa
∴0.333= √πa
a= (0.333)²/(√π)
=0.03529m
=35.29mm
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a panel of ti-6al-4v titanium has an edge flaw 3.5 mm deep. what is the critical stress for crack propagation if the part is loaded perpendicular to the flaw and y for this geometry is 1.24? answer in mpa to 3 sig figs.
The critical stress for crack propagation if the part is loaded perpendicular to the flaw and y for this geometry is 1.24 is 769.27Mpa.
What exactly is critical stress?
Critical stress is a set of physical and psychological symptoms that might occur as a result of being involved in a traumatic critical occurrence. The body's common reaction to an abnormal event is critical incident stress.
Ti-6A1-4V has edge flaw 3.5mm deep
Y = 1.24
KIc for Ti-6A1-4V alloy is 100MPa.m[tex]^{1/2}[/tex]
KIc =σ Y[tex]\sqrt{\pi C}[/tex].
given crack is edge crack, so c= 3.5 × 10⁻³
1m= 1000mm
1mm=10⁻³m
σ = [tex]\frac{100}{1.24\times\sqrt{\pi \times 3.5 \times 10^{-3} } }[/tex] = 769.27Mpa
Critical stress for crack propagation is 769.27Mpa
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technician a says that the tinnerman nuts used to hold the brake drum on should be reinstalled when the drum is replaced. technician b says that a drum should be removed inside a sealed vacuum enclosure or washed with water or solvent to prevent possible asbestos dust from being released into the air. which technician is correct?
Answer:
technician a and b are correct
two technicians are discussing non-indicator-type ball joint inspection. technician a says that the vehicle should be on the ground with the ball joints loaded, then checked for freeplay. technician b says that the ball joints should be unloaded before checking for freeplay. which technician is correct?
Technician B is correct. Before testing for free play, the ball joints should be unloaded.
How do you know if your ball joints are failing?A vibration in the steering wheel while driving down a level, straight road, or your vehicle drifting to the right or left when going over bumps, are both signs of ball joint wear. Tires Uneven tire wear could indicate that your ball joints are failing. Your front suspension's ball joints pivot between the steering knuckles and control arms to provide a safe, smooth ride and precise control of your vehicle. A worn ball joint will have a negative impact on your steering and suspension. If the ball joint completely fails, the steering and suspension may partially collapse, causing the wheel and tire to move outward from the vehicle.To Learn more About ball joints, Refer:
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when combustibles are covered with no. 24-gauge sheet metal with a 1-inch ventilated air space, the required 18-inch clearance from the rear of an appliance may be reduced to how many inches?
The required 18-inch clearance from the rear of an appliance can be decreased to 6 inches when combustibles are covered with no. 24-gauge sheet metal with such a 1-inch ventilated air space.
What do you mean by sheet metal gauge?
A sheet metal gauge specifies the typical thickness of sheet metal for a given material. The material thickness reduces as the gauge number increases. Steel sheet metal thickness gauges are weighted at 41.82 of pounds per square foot per inch of thickness. This is known as the Sheet Steel Manufacturers' Standard Gage. Other materials, such as aluminium and brass, will have varying thicknesses
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when reinstalling a repaired engine, tech a says all components and fasteners should be installed starting at the bottom and working up. tech b says the exhaust pipes must be aligned with the manifolds or headers as the engine is lowered into place on some models. who is correct
Technician b is correct who says that exhaust pipes need to be aligned with the header or manifolds since the engine is lowered into place on some models.
Exhaust manifolds are used to collect exhaust gases from the ports in the cylinder heads of engines, and then route the exhaust gases to the remaining areas of the exhaust system. The exhaust manifolds act as a connection point for the exhaust pipes. In order to make the engines work efficiently and properly, exhaust pipes need to be aligned with exhaust manifolds. It is because when the engine is lower than the exhaust system, it becomes a cause exiting a low amount of exhaust gases.
Thus, it is concluded that only technician b is correct that exhaust pipes and exhaust manifolds must be properly aligned with each other. Whereas technician a is not correct it is because components and fasteners can be installed in any way that seems suitable.
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technician a says that a defective solenoid can cause a starter whine. technician b says that a defective starter drive can cause a starter whining noise. which technician is correct?
Answer:
technician A
Explanation:
your starter drive isnt being pushed out, so that means the drive is spinning but isnt interacting with the fly wheel.
A defective starter drive can produce a starter whining noise. So, only technician B is correct.
A defective starter sound can be of multiple types. Mostly, it is a whining noise. A bad starter produces whining sounds because of a fault in the kicker solenoid. If one drives with a faulty starter, it produces a starter whining noise. Therefore, it is technician B only who states correctly that driving with a defective starter can generate a starter whining noise.
However, technician A who says that a defective solenoid can produce a starter whine is not correct because, with a defective starter solenoid, the engine is not able to crank as a result of the solenoid failing to supply power to the starter motor. Because of this, no starter whine produces.
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technician a says to bleed the conventional brake system before bleeding the abs modulator. technician b says a scan tool may be required to bleed the abs modulator. which technician is correct?
Answer:
technician B
Explanation:
your abs modulator is next to your resivor
Technician b is correct. This is right that a scan tool may be required to bleed the abs modulator.
ABS is the acronym for (Anti-locking Braking System). You have the choice of using the steering wheel while braking or turning using this method. When you push the brake pedal, the brake rotor is covered by an unlocked brake pad, giving you complete control of the car in challenging situations.
In other words, this technology uses speed sensors on each wheel to detect when the wheels lock up. When this occurs, the brakes are quickly applied and released in pulses, allowing the wheel to spin freely and prevent spilling while directing the vehicle.
The first indication that your ABS module and the entire braking system need to be bled to get rid of the extra air in the brake system is if you noticed that the brake pedal is particularly spongy or mushy. The ABS system may experience certain issues as a result or become weaker.
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two technicians are discussing what should be done before assembling a clutch. technician a says that the friction material should be soaked in the atf that will be used in the transmission. technician b says that a dry friction plate could burn the first time it is applied. which technician is correct?
According to the question of assembling a clutch, technician A is correct.
What do you mean by clutch?
A clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages power transfer, most notably between a drive shaft and a driven shaft. Clutches connect and detach two rotating shafts in their most basic application. One shaft in these devices is usually connected to an engine or other power unit, while the other shaft supplies output power for tasks. The motions involved are typically rotary, however linear clutches do occur. The clutch in a car serves as a mechanical link between the engine and transmission, briefly disconnecting or separating the engine from the transmission system. When the clutch pedal is depressed, the drive wheels are disconnected, allowing the driver to shift gears smoothly.
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a concrete mix with a 3-in. slump, w/c ratio of 0.50, and sand with a fineness modulus of 2.4 contains 1700 lb/yd3 of coarse aggregate. compute the required weight of coarse aggregate per cubic yard.
The weight of the coarse aggregate is 1247.63 kg/m³
How to calculate the weight?Fineness modulus = 2.4
Bulk unit weight = 118 = 1890.63 kg/m3
Slump = 3inches = 76mm
Assume a 20mm maximum size of aggregate and non-air-entrained concrete, the approximate requirements for mixing water and air content for different workabilities and nominal maximum size of aggregate is illustrated.
The slump of 76mm, 20mm size of aggregate, water content is 200 kg/m3³.
The required cement content arrow = 200/0.5
= 400 kg/m³
Now, the dry bulk volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete. The value for 20mm aggregate, fineness modulus is 2.4, a bulk volume of dry rodded coarse aggregate is 0.66
Therefore, the weight of coarse aggregate will be:
= 0.66 x 1890.36
= 1247.63 kg/m³
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tech a says that variable valve timing allows the engine's piston displacement to be increased or decreased. tech b says that in-block cams usually include variable valve timing. who is correct?
Tech A a says that variable valve timing allows the engine's piston displacement to be increased or decreased.
What is engine piston?
Among other related systems, pistons are found in reciprocating engines, rotary pumps, gas compressor, hydraulic cylinders, and pneumatic cylinders. It is the moving part that is enclosed in a cylinder and sealed off from the gas by piston rings. Its function in an engine is to use a piston rod and/or connection rod to transmit force from the expanding gas within the cylinder to the crankshaft. For the goal of compressing and ejecting the fluid in the cylinder, the function is reversed in a pump, when force is transferred from of the crankshaft to the piston. By closing and opening apertures in the cylinder, the piston can also function as a valve in some engines.
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Describe the purpose of the SPST 12 volt DC master switch
The SPST 12-volt DC master switch is used to turn on and off the power to a device.
What is device?
A device is a physical piece of hardware or software that performs one or more computational functions within a computer system. It can either offer input to the computer or accept output from it. A device is any electronic element that has some computational capability and can install firmware or third-party software. A computer mouse, speakers, printer, and microphone are examples of common hardware. A device is sometimes known as an appliance, gadget, or electronic instrument.
The purpose of the SPST 12 volt DC master switch is to provide a way to turn on and off the power to a device. This switch is typically used to control the power to a lights or other electrical devices.
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Which tool is used to measure movement
Dial indicator
Feeler gauge
Inside micrometer
Outside micrometer
Answer:
Inside micrometer
Explanation:
tech a says fuel line pressure may be relieved by disabling the fuel pump and running the engine until it stops. tech b says the only safe way to relieve fuel pressure is to open the fuel return line at a fitting away from the engine. who is correct?
Technician A states correctly as the fuel line pressure is relieved by disabling the fuel pump and operating the engine until it stops.
Relieving the fuel pressure from the engine is considered a vital mechanism. There are numerous methods that can be used to relieve fuel pressure. Disabling the fuel pump is one such method that is used to relieve fuel pressure on the vehicle engine. In this method, the fuel pump fuse is removed/disabled, and then the engine is started until it stalls. Therefore, we can say that technician A is correct.
However, the fuel pressure cannot be relieved by opening the fuel return line at a fitting away from the engine. So, technician B is incorrect who recommends the opening of the fuel return line to be fitted away from the engine in order to relieve fuel pressure.
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technician a says to use masking tape temporarily over the lining material to help prevent getting grease on the lining. technician b says that grease on the brake lining can cause the brakes to grab. which technician is correct?
a plumbing fixtrue outlet is 18 feet above the water service line. pressure available at the water service is 80 psi. determine the change in pressure due to elevation
The change in pressure due to elevation above the water service line is 72.2 psi
Air pressure decreases as altitude increases. In other words, a higher apparent height implies a lower pressure.
That occurs for a number of reasons. Gravitation is the first cause. The gravitational of the Earth draws air as close to the surface as possible.
The intensity is the second. The amount of gas molecules in the air reduces as height increases air gets less dense than the atmosphere closer to ocean level.
The area covered by air decreases as altitude increases. As a result, lower air molecules will result in a reduction of atmospheric pressure. With height, atmospheric pressure decreases. Air pressure decreases rapidly at lower elevations at first, then more slowly as the majority of the atmosphere's molecules are held close to the earth's surface by gravity.
static head, in psi, ΔPstatic = -0.433Z = -0.433(18 ft) = -7.8 psi = 7.8 psi pressure drop
Pressure that will be is available = 80 psi - 7.8 psi = 72.2 psi
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at what pressure range does the technician valve off the vacuum pump when evacuating to a deep vacuum? a. 200 to 100 microns. b. 300 to 100 microns. c. 300 to 200 microns. d. 500 to 300 microns.
The technician valve off the vacuum pump when evacuating to a deep vacuum 500 to 300 microns.
What is vacuum pump?
A vacuum pump is a piece of machinery that may force gas or air molecules into a sealed chamber to create a partial and low-pressure vacuum. A vacuum is a condition when the pressure inside the chamber is lower than the pressure outside the chamber or in nearby systems. This is distinct from an absolute vacuum, when there are no gas molecules and a pressure of 0 Pa. The force of the air pressing down on the earth, or atmospheric pressure, is one of the essential components of a vacuum pump. The weight of air molecules, which decreases at greater altitudes, produces this pressure. Machines, notably vacuum pumps, are significantly impacted by air pressure or atmospheric pressure.
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which is typically driven through a gear box and a clutch connected by a drive shaft to the front of the crankshaft? select one: a. midship pump b. front-mount pump c. power-take-off (pto) drive d. auxiliary engine driven pump
Auxiliary engine-driven pump is typically driven through a gearbox and a clutch connected by a drive shaft to the front of the crankshaft.
What is gearbox?
Gearboxes are basically a collection of gears and their casings, which are most typically found in automobiles. Because most motor vehicle engines have high operating and idling speeds, gearboxes allow machinery to run more effectively and even assist in slowing and shutting down machinery. Gearboxes are used in autos, turbines, and heavy machinery to transfer energy from one rotating power source to another. More information on how a plethora of internal components combine to enable safe movement in practically all types of equipment may be found in the Crankshaft and Piston definitions.
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Which of the following is usually performed by a scientist even though it is not considered a formal step in the scientific method?
A. communicate results
B. catalog information
C. discard data
D. withhold findings
A step which is usually performed by a scientist even though it is not considered a formal step in the scientific method is: D. withhold findings.
The steps of a scientific method.In Science, an effective and efficient way to follow the scientific method during a research work include the following:
Make observations.Ask questions.Construct a hypothesis.Test the hypothesis with an investigation.Analyze the data.Explain the result.Communicate the result.In conclusion, some scientist are guilty of withholding their findings even though it is not considered as being a formal step in the scientific method.
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the analog telephone line has maximum frequency 4 khz. analog telephone signal converted to digital. which sampling frequency analog - to- digital pcm converter must have ?
The analog telephone signal must be sampled at a minimum of 8 kHz to be converted to digital using PCM.
What is PCM?
In order to represent sampled analogue signals digitally, one technique is pulse-code modulation (PCM). It serves as the industry standard for digital audio in applications such as digital telephony, compact discs, and computers. In a PCM stream, overall amplitude of the analogue signal is quantized to a nearest value inside a range of digital steps for each regular, uniformly spaced sample. A particular variant of PCM called linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM) has linearly uniform quantization levels. In contrast, PCM encodings (such as those using the A-law or -law algorithms) have quantization levels that are dependent on amplitude. PCM is a more broad term, but it's frequently used to refer to data that has been encoded using LPCM.
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the installed transformer has burned out. it is found that the replacement transformer needs a higher va rating. how can you obtain a higher va rating?
Answer:
Explanation:
When a transformer burn out, It makes a great miss in the location, the team work has to work hard to return the power back to.
There are different factors that can cause a transformer to burn. Here we will discuss some common reasons responsible for transformer burning. But, What is meant by transformer burning? It means that the transformer actually burns out and can catch fire too, when its temperature rises to extreme level with out no cooling.
Oil Leakage
As we discussed the importance of oil in the transformer in our previous article, Similarly, oil leak is one of the main reasons that can cause transformer to burn. Oil main functions are insulation and cooling.
When the oil level falls from the standard level, the winding gets hot, and as a result the transformer temperature increases and causes burning. If the oil overheats it can also cause an explosion in the transformer.
Natural Aging
Like all other working equipment, aging is one of the failure factors. However, with a good maintenance program and well trained workers the age of the equipment can be extended. While the same equipment with no or poor maintenance makes its lifetime shorter. Transformers are not an exception, Natural aging is another reason of transformer burning. Transformer consist of Silicon coated paint having a small value of insulation resistance. Due to natural aging, the insulation resistance cannot withstand for a long time, and eddy current losses occur which causes damages to the transformer.
Also, with the factor of age, side by side to the environmental effects, the oil tank of the transformer is getting damaged due to corrosion. By this way the oil may leak and the transformer temperature rises and then, the transformer burn out.
How To Protect Transformer From Burn Out?
A good and regular maintenance program, side by side to the main protection installation from day one of transformer working are the key of protecting the transformer, Protection devices like Circuit breaker, fuses and advanced protection relays are the combination of protection system. These protection devices detect any fault before it become a serious problem and lead to burning the transformer.
We had a transformer of 2.5 MVA in the work which completely burnt out when the protection devices failed to discover and isolate the fault. The main reason was an external short circuit. The large current damaged the winding.
The following precautions need to be taken in order to protect transformer from burnout.
Regular check the transformer cooling system to make effective cooling. Check fans and oil pumps. Also check the radiator for any air blockage and make sure it is always clean.
Properly check the oil level in the transformer tank. For this purpose, monthly inspection needs to be carried out. This is why its important to have a preventive maintenance schedule.
Repair leaks, if any exist. Methods of leakage repair is i details in my other article here.
Use painting and other weather-resistive material to protect the transformer tank from aging and corrosion.
Install watchdog breakers to protect against power failure and overcurrent faults.
Make sure that protection devices and fuses are designed properly to protect this transformer.
Installing lightning arrestors can also protect transformers from burning and explosions. As it protects the transformer from lightning.
Avoiding insulation resistance, internal arcing, and reducing flashover current also help to protect transformers.
Using partial discharge devices to monitor the PD activity and detect it early before turning into an explosion.
Please 5 stars or a thanks if this helped!
Vehicle C is about to begin backing into the parking stall.
How much distance should there be between vehicle C and
the vehicle on its right?
3 feet should be there between vehicle C and the vehicle on its right.
What is a vehicle?
A vehicle is a machine used to transport people or goods. Wagons, bicycles, motor vehicles (motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses, disabled mobility scooters), railed vehicles (trains, trams), watercraft (ships, boats, underwater vehicles), amphibious vehicles (screw-propelled vehicles, hovercraft), aircraft (aeroplanes, helicopters, aerostats), and spacecraft are examples of vehicles. Land vehicles are broadly classified based on how they apply steering and drive forces to the ground: wheeled, tracked, railed, or skied. ISO 3833-1977 is the standard for road vehicle types, terms, and definitions, which is also used in international legislation. Over one billion bicycles are in use worldwide. There were an estimated 590 million cars and 205 million motorcycles in service worldwide in 2002.
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a 30-station transfer line has an ideal cycle time of 0.75 min, an average downtime of 6.0 min per line stop occurrence, and a station failure frequency of 0.01 for all stations. determine the current line efficiency and produc
The current line efficiency is 29.41% and production rate is 23.52pc/hr
What is efficiency?
Efficiency is the capacity to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time when performing something or getting a desired outcome. In a broader sense, it is the ability to execute things properly, successfully, and efficiently. According to Deborah Stone, efficiency is "therefore not a goal in and of itself." It is something we want not for its own sake, but because it allows us to obtain more of the things we value.
Given data is,
ideal cycle Time = 0.75 min
Failure frequency of 0.01 for all Stations.
Average downtime = 6min
a). Frequency of line stops is,
F=np (i)
Where,
n = Work Stations
P = frequency of Station breakdown
∴n=30, P=0.01
⇒ F = 30 (0.01) = 0.3
Finding coefficient of line efficiency (E):
Formula, E = Tc/Tp×100%
where, Tc= cycle time
Tp=Average production time
∴ Tp= Tc+FTd
⇒Tp = 0.75+(0.3)(6)
= 2.55min/pc
Line efficiency(E)= (0.75/2.55)×100%
E= 29.41%
Production rate(Rp):
Rp= 1/Tp
Rp= 1/2.55
=0.392 (pc/min).(min/1hr)
=0.392×60pc/hr
= 23.52pc/hr
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