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Answer: Chloroplasts

There are two gamete genotypes that are possible in an individual of this species.

One copy of each pair of chromosomes comes from the individual's mother and the other copy from the individual's father. Since we have two copies of each chromosome, he has two copies of each gene. According to Mendel's law of segregation, a diploid organism passes randomly selected alleles for a trait to offspring, so the offspring receives one allele of her from each parent.

Individuals and all diploid organisms can only have two alleles for a given gene, but multiple alleles can exist at the population level, and within populations, Different individuals can have different pairs of these alleles. If two alleles are the same, the individual is homozygous for that allele. If the alleles are different, the individual is heterozygous.

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Proteins and phospholipids make up the majority of the cell membrane's structural elements.

What is plasma membrane?

The majority of the plasma membrane is composed of proteins, carbs, and lipids (including phosphatidylcholine). The plasma membrane protects intracellular components from the extracellular environment. The plasma membrane, that also mediates cellular functions, regulates the substances that enter and leave the cell. The majority of the plasma membrane is composed of lipids (phospholipids as well as cholesterol), proteins, as well as carbohydrate groups linked to some of the lipids and proteins. Phospholipids are lipids made up of glycerol, two fatty acid tails, as well as a phosphate-linked head group.

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At 20°c, a cell with ψp of 3 bars is in equilibrium with the surrounding 0. 4m solution of sucrose in an open beaker. The molar concentration of sucrose of the cell is 0.52 M.

Ψ S = -iCRT

R = 0.0831 liter bars/mole K.

 i = 1 (for sucrose)

 Psi S(surround.)= -(1) x (0.4)x (0.0831) x (273+20)

Ψ S(surround) =−9.74  PsiS(surround) = Psi P + Psi S​    -9.74 = 3 + Psi S

Ψ S =12.74

Ψ S =iCRT  −12.74=−(1)×C×(0.0831)×(273+20)  −12.74=−24.34C  C = 0.52  

The best approach to describe a solution's solute concentration is in terms of molar concentration. The definition of molarity, or M = mol/L, is the total number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre of solution. The mass or moles of solute and the volume of the solution can be converted using molar concentration. The ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of solution is known as concentration.

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Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Red marrow, Diaphysis, Yellow membrane cavity, epiphyseal plate are the characteristics of the long bone.

Long bones are tough, dense bones that offer stability, movement, and strength. The femur, or thigh bone, is a long bone. A long bone has two ends and a shaft. Despite their small lengths, some of the fingers bones are categorized as long bones.

The characters of long bones are:

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

Relative growth rate of the bacterium will be k=ln8

E. coli: Escherichia coli, more commonly referred to as just E. coli, is well-known for causing severe human illness, but there are only a few strains. The majority of strains are harmless and naturally occur in the human intestine.

From the equation: [tex]p(t) = p_{o} e^{kt}[/tex]

[tex]\\p_{o} = 52, t= 20 min = \frac{20}{60} hr = \frac{1}{3} hr.[/tex]

To find Relative growth:

[tex]\frac{p(t)}{p_{o} } = 2[/tex]  at  [tex]t= \frac{1}{3} hr\\[/tex]  (as cell divide into 2 in first 20 min)

[tex]2= e^{\frac{k}{3} } , ln2= \frac{k}{3}[/tex]

therefore, k= ln8

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The steps above most likely describe Meiosis 2, which occurs after Interkinesis. Cell division is of two types: Mitosis and Meiosis.

The formation of four haploid daughter cells is the characteristic feature of Meiosis 2. Separation of sister chromatids, alignment of haploid chromosomes, and formation of four daughter cells occur in the second half of meiosis.

Ploidy level changes in heredity during the onset of Meiosis. Meiosis segregates and restores the ploidy level from one generation to another. Meiosis is a defining trait of haploid cells and haploid organisms. Crossing over leading to variations is an integral part of Meiosis.

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Answer:It is B

Explanation:

The process of hydrogenation, which increases an unsaturated fatty acid's saturation by adding hydrogen atoms, produces trans fats.

Alpha-linolenic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid are a few examples of unsaturated fats.

Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), which are divided into monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, are long-chain hydrocarbons with at least one double covalent bond and an end in a carboxyl group (-COOH). Both of these types of UFAs provide significant health benefits for people.

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OC. Analyzing the data is the next step in the scientific method, following forming a hypothesis

Making conjectures (hypothetical explanations), drawing predictions as logical conclusions from the hypotheses, and then conducting tests or making actual observations based on those predictions are all steps in the scientific method.

The steps of the scientific method should be followed in this order: notice a phenomena, formulate a hypothesis, plan and carry out an experiment to verify the hypothesis, analyse and interpret the data, and then communicate the findings to other scientists.

An "informed guess" is how the term hypothesis is defined. A scientific theory has to satisfy two requirements: it has to be testable, and it has to be falsifiable. It is not considered scientific when a theory cannot be verified by observation.

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Answer: diseases and it'll lead to pollution

Explanation:

Phenotype would most likely be observed in mutants of e. coli lacking a key enzyme in the ed pathway is option b inability to form biofilms

The term "biofilm" describes the intricate, sessile colonies of bacteria that are either firmly embedded in an extracellular matrix or adhering to a surface.

An extracellular polymeric material matrix surrounds an assembly of surface-associated microbial cells that is known as a biofilm. Van Leeuwenhoek is credited with discovering microbial biofilms after he discovered bacteria on tooth surfaces using his crude microscopes. Heukelekian and Heller discovered the "bottle effect" for marine microorganisms, which states that the presence of a surface on which these organisms may cling significantly increased bacterial activity and growth. Zobell noticed that there were noticeably more bacteria on surfaces than there were in the surrounding environment (in this case, seawater). The electron microscope, which enables high-resolution photomicroscopy at far higher magnifications than the light microscope, would be necessary for a thorough analysis of biofilms

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Answer:

Explanation:

Option(A) reduced ability to colonize the mammalian gut is the correct answer.

E. coli uses the ED route to break down sugar acids present in the mucus of mammalian guts.

What does "ED pathway" refer to?

Pathway of Entner-Doudoroff

The metabolic process known as the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) Pathway is particularly significant in Gram-negative bacteria, some Gram-positive bacteria, and archaea.

In the ED pathway, glucose serves as the substrate, and pyruvate is produced because of a series of chemical events with the help of enzymes.

What role does the ED pathway play?

In the breakdown of gluconate (Gnt), the ED pathway enzymes Edd and Eda play important roles.

Numerous microbes can use gnt, a sugar acid present in the intestinal environment, as a source of energy.

the bacterium E. gnt is used by coli via the ED route.

What accomplishes the ED pathway?

The EMP pathway's initial steps, which include fructose derivatives, can be avoided by using the ED pathway, which offers a glycolytic shortcut.

Another glycolytic route that skips the transition from G-6-P to fructose-6-phosphate begins with the ED intermediate gluconate-6-P.

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A certain species of animal has six pairs of chromosomes. So, there are 24 sister chromatids the nuclei of this animal’s cells have during the G2 phase.

A certain species of animal is hаving six pаirs of chromosomes, thаt is 2n = 12. During G1 phаse, the number of chromosomes will remаin the sаme, thаt is 12. During S phаse, duplicаtion of the DNА tаkes plаce, however, the number of chromosomes will remаin the sаme. Hence, in S phаse, there will be 24 DNА аnd 12 chromosomes. In G2 phаse, the number of DNА molecules аnd number of chromosomes will remаin sаme аs thаt in S phаse. Thus, it will hаve 24 DNА molecules аnd 12 chromosomes.

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Beta-carotene is the only one of the three carotenoids that can be converted to retinol in the body that is sufficiently absorbed and converted.

Provitamin A carotenoids such as alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin can be converted by the body to retinol. Nonprovitamin A carotenoids include lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene because they cannot be converted to retinol.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Enzymes are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies. They build some substances and break others down. All living things have enzymes.

Answer: Compared to earths solar system, the universe is inferred to be? older and larger.

Explanation:

The answer to the statement " did it matter whether the cells for the catalase test were grown in broth or on slants " is that does not matter.

The simple reason why it does not matter when the cells which are used for catalase test were grown in any medium is that it still produce the same results in either way.

However, catalase test can also be transferred even to a slide.

So therefore, we can confirm now that the medium to demonstrate catalase test does not matter.

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Answer:

Explanation:

There are three main ocean zones based on distance from shore. They are the intertidal zone, neritic zone, and oceanic zone. Distance from shore influences how many nutrients are in the water. Why? Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients. Living things need nutrients. So distance from shore also influences how many organisms live in the water. In addition to the amount of salts, other conditions in ocean water vary from place to place. One is the amount of nutrients in the water. Another is the amount of sunlight that reaches the water. These conditions depend mainly on two factors: distance from shore and depth of water. Oceans are divided into zones (Figure below) based on these two factors. The ocean floor makes up another zone.

There exist three main ocean zones as said by distance from shore . they're the intertidal zone,neritic zone,and oceanic zone . Distance from shore influences how many nutrients are in the water . Why ? Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land . because,water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients . Living things need nutrients . So distance from shore also influences how many organisms live in the water . apart from the number of salts,other conditions in ocean water vary from place to place . One is the number of nutrients in the water . a one more is the number of sunlight that arrives the water . These conditions depend largely on two factors : distance from shore and depth of water . Oceans are divided into zones (Figure below) as said by these two factors . The ocean floor makes up an additional zone .

When there is a failure to control the cell cycle, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth it is known as cancer.

Cancer can be described as a condition in which particular cells of the body start to divide in an uncontrolled manner. As a result of this uncontrolled division, the cells of the own body turn out to be disruptive to the body.

If the cells keep on dividing in an uncontrolled manner, they will keep on multiplying and spreading to different parts of the body.

Due to these uncontrolled divisions, cancer can be a threatful disease and diagnosing it during the early stages gives more chances of survival than the later ones.

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Answer:

Explanation:
Convection: The process by which heat is transferred through movement of particles.
Steam from teapot
Magma towards earth's surface

Conduction: Process by which heat is transferred because objects are in contact. There is no movement of particles.
A person's skin after shower

Radiation: Heat transfer through waves or rays
Microwave oven boiling water

It is possible for a white female rabbit to give birth to all white rabbits even if the father had a brown fur. This is largely due to chance.

Let us first consider the cross in question.

Brown fur is dominant over white fur. Assuming the brown allele is B while the white allele is b, a brown rabbit will have a genotype of either BB or Bb. A white rabbit, on the other hand, can only have a bb genotype.

This means that the genotype of the female rabbit will be bb. If the genotype of the brown fur father is BB:

   BB   x   bb

 Bb  Bb  Bb  Bb

All the offspring will have brown fur since B is dominant over b.

In other words, the genotype of the father rabbit can only be Bb.

   Bb    x    bb

Bb   Bb   bb   bb

Genotype ratio = 50% Bb : 50% bb

Phenotype ratio = 50% brown fur : 50% white fur

The chances of producing white fur offspring is 50% while that of brown fur offspring is also 50%. Given enough population of offspring, these chances will reflect.

However, with a small population of offspring, it is possible for either of the fur colors to be dominant. An all-white or all-brown fur offspring can result in a small population.

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The following correctly identifies which organs develop from different embryonic tissue layers in a frog is Gastrula.

The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system and epidermal skin cells the mesoderm gives rise to the muscle cells and connective tissue in the body, and the endoderm gives rise to the digestive system and other internal organs. The fertilized egg becomes a hard ball of cells increase. It then becomes a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst In the uterus the blastocyst nests in the uterine wall.

Attaches to the placenta and develops into an embryo surrounded by a fluid-filled membrane. Gastrulation is defined as an early developmental process in which the embryo transforms from a one-dimensional layer of epithelial cells and reorganizes into a multilayered and multidimensional structure called the gastrula. Cotyledons are the primary cell layer formed during embryonic development.

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The lipids that form the membranes have the structure, polar heads and nonpolar tails; polar heads interact with water.

The  insolubility in water is the main characteristic of lipids. As they are non-polar compounds, water, being polar, has no influence on their structure. On the other hand, they are soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers and ketones.

Some types of lipids are built from fatty acids. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. The simplest are triglycerides, or triacylglycerols, which are composed of three fatty acids, joined with ester bonds to glycerol.

Despide these, all lipids have these common characterstics:

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In order to create a second strand of DNA that is complementary to the first one, reverse transcriptase first catalyzes the synthesis of a DNA copy from the viral RNA.

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The change in size of a group of organisms of the same species over time is called population growth (option A).

Population growth is the change in size of a group of organisms of the same species over a particular time.

The population growth rate also called the rate of increase or per capita growth rate equals the birth rate minus the death rate divided by the initial population size.

The population growth rate can be symbolized as follows: ∆P i.e. change in population size.

A population can be affected by the following;

Therefore, population growth is the change in population size of the species of that population.

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Answer:

The change in size of a group of organisms of the same species over time is called population growth

Explanation:

Answer:

Amylopectin is an insoluble form of starch

Explanation:

Amylopectin is an insoluble form of starch

The water that is not absorbed into the ground, including the larger body of water, is surface water and is denoted as option D.

This is referred to as the body of water which is present on a terrestrial surface such as land etc.

Examples of surface water include rivers, oceans etc and they comprise of the water that is not absorbed into the ground to form what is known as ground water due to different types of factors and parameters which is therefore the reason why option D was chosen as the most appropriate choice.

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The bigger body of water, as well as the water that is not absorbed into the earth, is considered surface water. Thus, option D is correct.

Rainfall is the principal source of surface water. It is a mixture of groundwater and surface runoff.

Groundwater and surface water are intimately related. Through the pores and fissures in the soil, sand, and rocks, some surface water seeps deep into the ground.

Runoff is the term for the surface water that results from precipitation and melted snow.

Therefore, The water that is not absorbed into the ground, including the larger body of water, is surface water.

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Grasslands provide ecosystem services like creation of habitat for wildlife animals, formation of soil, cycling of nutrients, carbon sequestration as well as air quality and water regulation.

Grasslands include an ecosystem which mainly comprises grasses due to the fact that it receives low precipitation and is mostly occupied by grazing animals. Grasslands occupy about 40% of the Earth's surface.

There are two types of grasslands, i.e. tropical as well as temperate. Tropical grasslands are present in Africa (Savannahs) as well as Australia. Temperate grasslands that are present in Eurasia are known as Steppes, while they are known as Prairies in North America and as Pampas in Argentina.

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