Respiration, which releases the energy in food molecules, usually involves _________

The percent ionization in the nitrous acid solution is 1.97% before, and 0.0999% after the addition of sodium nitrate, which lowered the ionization 19.7 times.

To calculate percent ionization, we need to use the expression for the acidity constant of nitrous acid:

[tex]Ka = \frac{[H^{+} ][NO_{2} ^{-} ]}{[HNO_{2} ]}[/tex]

Ka - acidity constant (for nitrous acid, 7.1 * 10⁻⁴)

[H⁺] - concentration of H⁺ ions

[NO₂⁻] - concentration of nitrite ions

[HNO₂] - concentration of unionized nitrous acid

[H⁺] = [NO₂⁻]

[HNO₂] = 1.80 M - X

[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X^{2} }{1.80 - X}[/tex]

When we transform the equation above, we get a quadratic equation:

X² + 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X - 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ = 0

Once we solve for X, we get:

X = 0.0354 M

Because the concentration of H⁺ ions (X) is equal to the concentration of the ionized nitrous acid, the percent ionization will be:

%ion = 100% * X / 1.80 M

%ion = 100% * 0.0354 M / 1.80 M

%ion = 1.97%

The second calculation is actually easier because we can safely assume that, with added sodium nitrite, all nitrite ions come from the salt, and the amount coming from the acid is negligible. With that in mind, the expression for the acidity constant will look like this:

[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X * 0.71 }{1.80 M - X}[/tex]

When rearranged, we get this equation:

0.71 * X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M - 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X

0.71071 X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M

X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M / 0.71071

X = 0.001798 M

%ion = 100% * 0.001798 M / 1.80 M

%ion = 0.0999%

So the addition of sodium nitrite resulted in 1.97 / 0.0999 = 19.7 times lower ionization of the nitrous acid.

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Answer: 0.01175

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the vapour pressure of the compound at the given temperature

We can use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for this

Mathematically, we have this as:

So,let us identify the values:

P1 = 103 mmHg

P2 = ?

ΔH = 28,900

R = 8.31

T1 = 278 K

T2 = 309 K

We now proceed to substitute these values into the equation above as follows:

Answer:

Explantion

Here, we want to get the number of moles in 60 g sample of NaCl

Mathematically, to get this, we have to divide the mass given by the molar mass of NaCl

Thenmolar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol

Thus, we have the number of moles as:

The gas is oxygen which causes the splint to relight and the reaction is of hydrogen peroxide resulting into water and oxygen.

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Answer: The discovery of protons and isotopes

Explanation:  Mendeleev's arrangement by changing the criteria by which elements were arranged and assigned atomic numbers. Mendeleev arranged the periodic table based on the atomic mass of an atom of an element and its chemical properties.

Considering the definition of calorimetry, if 200.0 g of ice absorb 1255.0 J of heat, the temperature change is 2.988°C.

Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.

Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change). So, the amount of heat that a body receives or transmits is determined by the following expression:

Q = c×m×ΔT

Where:

In this case:

Replacing in the definition of calorimetry:

1255 J = 2.1 J/gC× 200 g× ΔT

Solving:

1255 J ÷(2.1 J/gC× 200 g)= ΔT

2.988 °C= ΔT

Finally, the temperature change is 2.988°C.

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The presence of partial charges in a liquid enables the liquid to split the bonds of the salt when dissolved in it. On the other hand, in the absence of partial charges, the liquid won't be able to break bonds apart and dissolve salts in it.

How a liquid dissolves things?

In a liquid such as water the charges are arranged in a such a way that generates partial positive and negative sides on hydrogen and oxygen atoms giving rise to polarity.

So when a substance such as salt is dissolved in water, the partial positive charge attracts the negative side of the salt with a definite force while partial negative charge of liquid pulls the positive charges apart.

In general, the partial charges of the liquid pull apart the charges of the added substance which results in breaking their chemical bonds and dissolving them.

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The frequency of the radiation is 1.6 * 10^15 Hz while its energy is 1.056 * 10^-18 J

Recall that the electromagnetic radiation is commonly called light. All the members of the electromagnetic spectrum are known to have the speed of light which is 3 * 10^8 m/s. The first task that we have is to obtain the frequency of the electromagnetic wave since we have the wavelength of the wave we seek.

Given that;

frequency = Speed of light/ wavelength

Frequency =  3 * 10^8 m/s/193.3 * 10^-9 m

Frequency = 1.6 * 10^15 Hz

Next we need to obtain the energy of the radiation and we have to do that from;

E = hf

E = energy of the photon

h = Planks constant

f = frequency of the photon

E = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 1.6 * 10^15 Hz

E = 1.056 * 10^-18 J

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Answer:

Smaller Atomic Radius, High Ionization Affinity, and High Electron Affinity

[Note:  It is Br2, not B2, the bomber]

Explanation:

a) Smaller Atomic Radius  YES  Each of these elements have a high number of electrons that nearly fill the lower energy orbitals, forcing the protons in the nucleus to cluster togeter more tightly.

b) High Metallic Character NO

c) High Ionization Energy    YES  - They want to keep their electrons, so the ionization energy is high.

d) High Electron Affinity  YES  They attract electons from anything that comes nearby.

Radium have a lower ionization energy than Barium because electrons are closer to the nucleus

What is ionization energy?

Ionization energy can be simply stated as a measurement of an atom's or ion's inclination to give up an electron or of how challenging it is to remove an electron from them. An electron is often lost when a chemical species is in its ground state.

The atom displays a smaller radius than anticipated and the s electrons are more challenging to expel because these electrons are located nearer the nucleus. The first ionization enthalpy of Radium is higher than that of Barium.

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The two isotopes that can be used for the process of dating are Potassium-41, Potassium-39.

The term radiometric dating has to do with the process by which the age of a rock can be discovered. We know that rocks that are around us have been around for very many years. As a matter of fact, there are some of the rocks that could be regarded as being as old as the earth could be in itself.

We have to note that one of things that could be regarded as important in the use of any isotope for dating is that isotope must have a long half life. The fact that the isotope has a long half life means that it is able to remain long enough for it to be used in the study of a substance.

We know that most of the rocks are composed of potassium as part of the components of the rock. In that case, if a dating technique would involve the potassium atom then it is likely to be a successful one as it were.

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Answer:

this is Daltons atomic theory

Answer:

this means that energy cannot be created or destroyed

Explanation:

it is because energy can change into many different forms such as heat or nuclear during chemical reactions

The pH of the solution after 28.0 ml of NaOH have been added to the acid exists 0.85.

The balanced reaction between base and acid exists;

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O

NaOH exists a strong base and HCl exists a strong acid therefore complete dissociation. Stoichiometry of acid to base exists 1: 1.

The number of moles of base added - 0.5 M /1000 mL/L × 28.0 mL = 0.014 mol

the number of acid moles present - 0.5 M /1000 mL/L × 50.0 mL = 0.025 mol.

acid reacts with base 1: 1 ratio

Therefore excess amount of acid present - 0.025 - 0.014 = 0.011 mol

Total volume = 50.0 + 28.0 = 78.0 mL

[H⁺] = 0.011 mol/0.078 L = 0.14 M

Therefore, pH = -log [H⁺]

substitute the values in the above equation, we get

pH = -log(0.14)

simplifying the above equation, we get

pH = 0.85.

Therefore, the pH of the solution after 28.0 ml of NaOH have been added to the acid exists 0.85.

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It is better to use the analytical balance for smaller amounts of sodium hydroxide (up to a couple of grams).

The sensitivity of the analytical balance goes to a couple of tenths of a milligram, while the sensitivity of a top-loading balance goes to tens of milligrams at best. The amount of water absorbed by sodium hydroxide is significant, but not too great relative to the mass of the sample. With this in mind, it is far more recommendable to use the analytical balance over the top-loading balance in order to be able to register the change in mass at all.

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Solar energy is converted into chemical energy i.e. glucose with the help of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in plant cells. In cellular respiration, plants use the chemical energy that is stored during the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a process in which plants convert energy from the sun into usable energy that is used by the cells in different activities. Plants use the light energy of the sun, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose and oxygen. The glucose is stored in different parts of the plant while on the other hand, the oxygen is released in the atmosphere.

So we can conclude that with the help of the photosynthesis process, Solar energy is converted into chemical energy.

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Beryllium exists in Group 2 (Column 2) with the atomic number 4.

The atomic number of the next element in the group would be right below it, Magnesium (Mg). Magnesium contains the atomic number 12.

The charge number of an atomic nucleus is the chemical element's atomic number, also known as nuclear charge number. This is the number of protons present in the nucleus of each atom of that element, or the proton number, for conventional nuclei. Ordinary chemical elements can be uniquely identified by their atomic number.

The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, and isotopes have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.

Beryllium exists in Group 2 (Column 2) with the atomic number 4.

The atomic number of the next element in the group would be right below it, Magnesium (Mg). Magnesium contains the atomic number 12.

The atomic number is the small number on the top left corner of the square of the element.

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America can best accelerate its transition to renewable energy by :

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The student with the correct statement is Arlo.

First, we shall determine the mole of sulphur in the jar. This can be obtained as follow:

Mole = mass / molar

Mole of sulphur = 16 / 32

Mole of sulphur = 1/2 mole

Finally, we shall determine the number of atoms in the jar. This can be obotained as follow:

From Avogadro's hypothesis,

1 mole of sulphur = 6.02×10²³ atoms

Therefore,

1/2 mole of sulphur = 1/2 × 6.02×10²³ atoms

1/2 mole of sulphur = 1/2 × Avogadro's number

Thus, the number of sulphur atom is 1/2 times Avogadro's number

Therefore, Arlo is correct.

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The mass of each salt which will be added to the mixture is:

NaH₂PO₄ =  1.876 g

Na₂HPO₄ =  4.879 g

To make this buffer, phosphoric acid and/or its salts can also be combined in the following ways:

H₃PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄;

H₃PO₄ and Na₃HPO₄

The acid must be in the second ionisation if we are to have a buffer at 7.540, thus we would pick pKa2 = 7.198 for the buffer capacity.

7.540 = 7.198 + log[A⁻]/[HA]

log[A⁻]/[HA] = 0.342

[A⁻]/[HA] =

[A⁻]/[HA] = 2.198

[A⁻] = 2.198*[HA]

The concentration of the acid is conjugated to base and must be equal to the concentration of the buffer 0.0500 M, so:

[A⁻] + [HA] = 0.0500

2.198*[HA] + [HA] = 0.0500

3.198*[HA] = 0.0500

[HA] = 0.01563 M

[A⁻] = 0.0500 - 0.01563

[A⁻] = 0.03436 M

The mixed reaction is: NaH₂PO₄ + Na₂HPO₄ → HPO₄⁻² + 3Na + H₂PO₄⁻

The second ionization is:

H₂PO₄⁻ ⇄ HPO₄⁻² + H⁺

Because H₂PO₄⁻ is the acid form, its concentration is the same as NaH₂PO₄, and HPO₄⁻² is the conjugated base, and its concentration is the same as Na₂HPO₄ (stoichiometry is 1:1 for both).

If you want to prepare something for buffering, you must first have a solution of the species H2PO4 and HPO42, so that you can mix the mixture of:

H3PO4 and Na2HPO4 (the acid is tricrotic, forming H2PO4 as a result),

The dissociation of the salt Na2HPO4 into Na+ and HPO42);

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The total pressure on Everest would be 34 kPa (or one-third of 102 kPa), and the partial pressure of oxygen would be 34 0.208 = 7.07 kPa.

Atmospheric pressure is the amount of force a given atmospheric column exerts relative to its size. At Mount Everest's summit (8848 m above sea level), the atmospheric pressure is 253 mmHg. The risk to a climber's life at high altitudes may come from the altitude itself. Since atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, it is 33% lower at the summit of Everest than it is at sea level. Air pressure increases as air density decreases and air thickness increases. The density of air is influenced by a variety of factors. Most significantly, air becomes less dense as altitude rises, lowering atmospheric pressure.

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Answer

a. C₂H₂O + 2O₂ → 2CO₂ + H₂O

b. 8 moles of O₂

c. 64 g of O₂

d. The grams of CO₂ produced is 262 g and the mass of H₂O produced is 53.6 g.

Explanation

a. The balanced chemical equation gasohol is a fuel containing liquid ethanol (C₂H₂O) that burns in oxygen gas to give carbon dioxide and water gases is:

b. The moles of O₂ needed to completely react with 4.0 moles of C₂H₂O?.

The mole ratio of O₂ to C₂H₂O in the balanced equation is 2:1.

Therefore, 4.0 moles of C₂H₂O will completely react with (2 x 4) = 8 moles of O₂.

c. The mass in grams of O₂ that is used up in the reaction if a car produces 88 g of CO₂.

The molar mass of CO₂ = 44.01 g/mol

The molar mass of O₂ = 31.999 g/mol

The mole ratio of O₂ to CO₂ is 2:2

This implies (2 mol x 31.999 g/mol) = 63.998 g of O₂ is used up to produce (2 mol x 44.01 g/mol) = 88.02 g of CO₂

Therefore x g of O₂ will be used up to produce 88 g of CO₂

That is;

Hence, the mass in grams of O₂ that is used up in the reaction if a car produces 88 g of CO₂ is 64 g.

d. The grams of CO₂ and H₂O that can be produced if 125 g of C₂H₂O were burnt.

1 mole of C₂H₂O = 42.04 g

1 mole of CO₂ = 44.01 g

1 mole of H₂O = 18.01 g

Mass of CO₂ produced:

From the balanced, the mole ratio of C₂H₂O to CO₂ is 1:2

The grams of CO₂ produced is 262 g.

Mass of H₂O produced:

From the balanced, the mole ratio of C₂H₂O to H₂O is 1:1

The mass of H₂O produced is 53.6 g

Answer:

it's C

Explanation:

the mitochondria makes energy for the cell so without it there's no energy for the cell

Two solutions are made by mixing sugar and enough water to make a 1 liter solution. 10% sugar has more solvent.

In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more compounds in their relative proportions that can be continually altered up to what is referred to as the limit of solubility. Although the word "solution" is frequently used to refer to the liquid state of matter, solutions of gases and solids are also possible. A solute is dissolved by a solvent (s), which is a substance (from the Latin solv, "loosen, untie, solve,") to produce a solution. The most common form of a solvent is a liquid, although other forms include solids, gases, and supercritical fluids. Depending on the temperature, a different amount of solute can dissolve in a given volume of solvent. Solvents are extensively utilized in paints, paint removers, inks, and dry cleaning.

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Answer

AlBr₃ is the limiting reactant

Explanation

Mass of AlBr₃ = 23.45 g

Mole of AlBr₃ = Mass/molar mass = 23.46 g/266.69 g/mol = 0.08797 mol

Mass of Na₂O = 34.57 g

So mole of Na₂O = mass/molar mass = 34.57 g/61.9789 g/mol = 0.5578 mol

Mole ratio of AlBr₃ to Na₂O = (0.08797/0.08797) : (0.05578/0.08797) = 1:6

To know the limiting reactant, write a chemical equation for the reaction and compare the reactant mole ratio in the equation with the mole ratio above.

2AlBr₃ + 3 Na₂O -----> Al₂O₃ + 6NaBr

Mole ratio in the equation = 2:3

Comparing the mole ratio, AlBr₃ will be the first to be completely consumed.

Therefore, AlBr₃ is the limiting reactant

Answer:

What is class??

Explanation:

please tell the topic

Answer:

coal

Explanation: