The mass of soap formed to satisfy the law of conservation of mass is 918g.
What is law of conservation of mass?According to the rule of conservation of mass, in a chemical process, mass neither creates nor destroys itself. When coal is burned, for instance, the carbon atom in it transforms into carbon dioxide. Although the carbon atom's shape changes from solid to gas, its mass remains constant.
The mass of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction must equal each other according to the law of conservation of mass.
Fat + sodium hydroxide = soap + glycerin
890+ 120 = soap + 92
1010 = soap + 92
soap = 1010 - 92
soap = 918g.
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A large bar of solid gold is melted into liquid. the liquid is then poured into molds to make a number of gold coins. was this chemical or physical? explain.
Answer:
physical change
Explanation:
melting is a physical change, a physical change does not involve a change in chemical bonds.
What is the weighted average of a
nail in the sample data given?
Nail Size
3d
16d
Number of
Nails
24
176
Percent
Abundance
12
88
Mass of One
Nail (g)
3. 30
12. 25
Weighted
Average
[?]
Hint: The percent abundance takes into account
the relative number of each type of nail.
Weighted Average
Enter
The weighted average of the nail size in the sample data is 0.0571 d.
To calculate the weighted average of the nail sizes in the given data, we need to first calculate the total mass of all the nails in the sample. We can do this by multiplying the number of nails of each size by the mass of one nail of that size and then adding up the results:
Total mass = (24 nails of size 3d) x (3.30 g/nail) + (176 nails of size 16d) x (12.25 g/nail)
Total mass = 79.20 g + 2156.00 g
Total mass = 2235.20 g
Next, we can calculate the weight fraction of each nail size by dividing the mass of nails of each size by the total mass:
Weight fraction of 3d nails = (24 nails) x (3.30 g/nail) / 2235.20 g = 0.000360
Weight fraction of 16d nails = (176 nails) x (12.25 g/nail) / 2235.20 g = 0.007901
Finally, we can calculate the weighted average of the nail sizes by multiplying each weight fraction by the corresponding nail size and then adding up the results:
Weighted average = (0.000360 x 3d) + (0.007901 x 16d) = 0.0571 d
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How do scientists predict the polarity of molecules?
When a molecule lacks polar bonds, there is no permanent charge difference between parts of the molecule, and the molecule is nonpolar.
Because the electron charge on both atoms is identical, the Cl2 molecule has no polar bonds. As a result, it is a nonpolar molecule. Hydrocarbons are nonpolar molecular substances because none of the bonds in hydrocarbon molecules, such as hexane, C6H14, are significantly polar.
The molecule is nonpolar if the arrangement is symmetrical and the arrows are of equal length. The molecule is polar if the arrows are of different lengths and do not balance each other. The molecule is polar if the arrangement is asymmetrical.
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Conservation in a reaction means that the number of each type of atom is equal on each side of the arrow. This is a _____
Answer: There is equal number of each type of atom on the reactant and product side.
Explanation:
a certain compound is found to have the percent composition (by mass) of 85.63% c and 14.37% h. the molecular formula contains 6 carbon atoms. how many hydrogen atoms are contained in a molecular of this compound?
A molecular of this compound contains 6 hydrogen atoms. An atom is a component of an element. Each atom in a specific element has only one type of atom. Electrons, protons, and neutrons
What is meant by atom?An atom is the smallest component of ordinary matter that makes up a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and form of plasma is made up of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are extremely small, with a diameter of 100 picometers on average.A chemical element is defined by its atoms, which are small pieces of matter. An atom consists of a core nucleus and one or more negatively charged electrons that orbit around it. The positively charged, somewhat massive protons and neutrons that comprise the nucleus may exist.The modern atomic concept was first proposed by eminent chemist John Dalton (1766–1844). But his atom was as solid as a cue ball.To learn more about atom, refer to:
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The nominal concentration of acetic acid in commercial vinegar is 5%. Calculate the molarity of this solution. What assumptions did you need to make to calculate the concentration?.
The main assumption to make is that the density of 5% vinegar is equal to the density of water. Then, for the purposes of the calculation, it is easiest to assume a certain volume of 5% vinegar is used. With these assumptions, we can calculate that the molarity of the solution is 0.83 M.
To calculate the molarity (c) of the solution, we need the number of moles (n) of solute and the volume (V) of the solution:
c = n/V
If we assume that we have 100 mL of 5% vinegar and that its density (d = 1.00 g/mL) is equal to the density of water, we can calculate the mass of the solution (m) using its density and volume (V = 100 mL = 0.100 L):
d = m/V ⇒ m = d*V
m = 1.00 g/mL * 100 mL
m = 100 g
Now we can use the mass and mass percentage (%m = 5% = 0.05) to calculate the mass of acetic acid (AcOH) present:
m(AcOH) = %m * m(solution)
m(AcOH) = 0.05 * 100 g
m(AcOH) = 5 g
Using the mass of AcOH we can calculate the number of moles (n) present by using the molar mass of AcOH (M = 60 g/mol):
n = m/M
n = 5 g / 60 g/mol
n = 0.083 mol
Finally, we calculate the molarity:
c = 0.083 mol / 0.1 L
c = 0.83 M
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How many molecules of sucrose are
in 205 g C12H22011?
(C12H22O11, 342.34 g/mol)
[?]
[? ]×10¹²] molecules C12H22O11
Coefficient (green) Exponent (yellow)
I
Enter
To begin with, sucrose is C12H22O11. Additionally, we must determine how many moles of sucrose there are in a pound of sucrose:
The moles of sucrose are 454g, 342.30g, mol1, and 1.33mol.
Is sucrose a good sugar to use?
Brief Summary According to a University of California, Davis study that was published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, sucrose, the more "natural form of sugar," may be just as harmful to your health as HFCS.
Is sugar a healthy food?
Your body only receives sugar when you consume sucrose like soda or candy, and typically too much of it. The threat is present here. You run the risk of major health problems if you consume too much added sugar (fructose or sucrose) in your diet.
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Which statement correctly compares the weight and the mass of an object?
Answer:
Its weight changes based on location, but its mass stays the same.
Explanation:
See attached worksheet.
how many possible monobromination products of butane are there? include minor product(s) not just the major product(s). if a product exists as a pair of enantiomers be sure to count both enantiomers as a distinct product.
Possible monobromination products of butane are 3.
What is a monobromination?Monobromination as defined by medicine:
an organic molecule is given one bromine atom by the addition process.
In a chemical process known as bromination, a compound is subjected to bromination, which adds bromine to the substance. Following bromination, the result will possess traits distinct from the initial reactant.
Any reaction or process known as bromination entails the introduction of bromine into a molecule alone. Alkene bromination with the electrophilic addition of Br₂. electrophilic aromatic substitution-based bromination of a benzene ring. Benzylic position bromination using a free radical substitution process.
By way of the reaction, a total of three monobrominated compounds will be produced.
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Explain the effect of an enzyme on activation energy of a reaction.
Answer:
Enzymes act as catalysts, accelerating the chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. Activation energy is the energy needed for the particles to react. Enzymes come out of the reaction unchanged.
Explanation:
what is the proper definition of an isotope? group of answer choices atoms in which the number of protons is different from the number of neutrons. atoms with a mass number greater than the atomic number. atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. atoms that spontaneously emit radiation.
Isotopes are atoms of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Isotopes are different atom types that share the same atomic number and place in the periodic table but have different quantities of neutrons in their nuclei, resulting in various nucleon numbers or atomic masses.
Stable and unstable isotopes are the two basic categories of isotopes. 254 stable isotopes are known. Scientists refer to all synthetic (lab-made) isotopes as radioisotopes since they are radioactive due to their instability.
Examples of isotopes include carbon 12, which has 6 neutrons, carbon 13, which has 7 neutrons, and carbon 14, which has 8 neutrons. Carbon 14 is the radioactive isotope while the rest are stable.
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At what temperature do the combined effects of contraction and expansion produce the smallest volume of water?.
4°c, the temperature of maximum density for water.
Below that point, the crystalline lattice starts to form and the water begins to expand. The density decreases above that temperature as a result of the elevated molecular vibrational activity.
Temperature is a numerical expression of how hot a substance or radiation is. There are three different kinds of temperature scales: those that depend only on macroscopic properties and thermodynamic principles, like Kelvin's original definition; those that depend only on practical empirical properties of particulate matter rather than theoretical principles; and those that depend on the average translational kinetic energy per freely moving microscopic particle, such as an atom, molecule, or electron, in a body, like the SI scale.
A thermometer is used to determine temperature. It is calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, each of which has a distinct historical definition determined by a specific set of reference points and thermometric materials. The Celsius scale is the most widely used scale.
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Beryllium, the first element in group 2, has an atomic number of 4. The second element in this group has an atomic number of.
Answer:
12.
Explanation:
Beryllium is in Group 2 (Column 2) with the atomic number 4.
The atomic number to the next element in the group would be right below it, Magnesium (Mg). Magnesium has an atomic number 12.
The atomic number is the small number on the top left corner of the square of the element.
what is stripped from each water molecule
Answer:
HS is stripped from each O.
if 250 ml of a 0.0193 m cacl2 solution is prepared, how many moles of cacl2 would 25 ml of this solution contain? a. 0.0193 moles b. 0.00193 moles c. 4.83x10-3 moles d. 4.83x10-4 moles
25 ml of the solution contains 4.83 x 10⁻⁴ moles of CaCl₂.
Concentration, or the amount of solute in a solution, can either be expressed in molarity, M, moles of solute per liter of solution, or molality, m, moles of solute per kilogram of solution.
The concentration of the CaCl₂ solution is 0.0193 M.
Hence, there are 0.0193 moles of CaCl₂ per liter of the solution.
M = 0.0193 M
volume of solution = 25 ml
Multiply the volume by the concentration to get the number of moles.
M = moles of solute / volume of solution
moles of solute = M (volume of solution)
moles of solute = 0.0193 M(25 ml)(1 L / 1000 ml)
moles of solute = 4.83 x 10⁻⁴
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An engine overheats and causes a car to catch on fire- is this a physical or chemical property?
Answer:
physical
Explanation:
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Select a full set of quantum numbers for the following.
(a) the outermost electron in an K atom
n = 4; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
n = 3; l = 1; ml = 1; ms = −1/2
n = 4; l = 1; ml = −1; ms = +1/2
n = 5; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = −1/2
(b) the electron gained when a Br atom becomes a Br − ion
n = 3; l = 2; ml = −1; ms = +1/2
n = 4; l = 2; ml = 2; ms = +1/2
n = 5; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = −1/2
n = 4; l = 1; ml = 1; ms = −1/2
(c) the electron lost when a Fr atom ionizes
n = 7; l = 0; ml = 1; ms = −1/2
n = 6; l = 1; ml = −1; ms = +1/2
n = 6; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = −1/2
n = 7; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
(d) the highest energy electron in the ground-state C atom
n = 2; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
n = 1; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = −1/2
n = 3; l = 2; ml = 1; ms = +1/2
n = 2; l = 2; ml = −1; ms = −1/2
(a) The full set of Quantum Numbers are n=4, l=0, ml=0, ms=+1/2
(b) The full set of Quantum numbers are ; n=4 , l= 1, ml= 1, ms= -1/2
(c) The full set of Quantum Numbers are n = 7; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
(d) The full set of Quantum Numbers are n = 2; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
Quantum Numbers is a set of numbers used to describe the position and energy of the electron in an atom. There are four quantum numbers namely, principal (n) , azimuthal(l), magnetic (ml) and spin quantum numbers (ms) .
(a) Potassium has atomic no Z=19
Electronic configuration of potassium= 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s² 4s¹
Outermost electron = 4s¹
n= 4 , l=0 since the outermost electron is in s orbital
and ml can change from -l to +l but if l= 0 because it is an s-orbital then ml must be zero too; m=0
ms can be either +1/2 or -1/2 depending on yhe spin of electron, it does not matter in this case. So, ms= =1/2
The full set of Quantum Numbers are n=4, l=0, ml=0, ms=+1/
(b) Bromine has atomic number Z= 35 and Br⁻ has atomic number= 36
Electronic configuration for bromine when an electron is gained
= (Ar) 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶
The electron the bromine atom gains to form bromide makes bromide have the same electronic configuration as the neon gas krypton. Krypton's electron configuration ends in 4p⁶. . The 4 is the n-value and the l-value is 1, which is a p-orbital. Since the p-orbital is filled, the last subshell ml is filled and it has a value of +1. The last electron filled in an orbital always has an ms = -1/2
The full set of quantum numbers are; n=4 , l= 1, ml= 1, ms= -1/2
(c) Fr has an atomic number = 87 ( Rn)7s¹
Electronic configuration for an electron lost in Fr atom= 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 3d¹⁰4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹
Therefore, for lost electron the outermost electron is in 7s⁰ shell.
n= 7, l=0 as the outermost electron is in s orbital and therfore ml= 0 ans ms= +1/2
Full set of quantum numbers are n = 7; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
(d) carbon has atomic number Z=6
Electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p²
In the ground state highest energy principal quantum no n=2
l= 1 as electron is in p orbital , ml=0 and ms= +1/2
full set of quantum numbers are= n = 2; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
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A solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) is added to a solution of hydrochloric acid. How many moles of potassium hydroxide would react with 1 mole of hydrochloric acid? (Hint: It may help to write out a balanced symbol equation for the reaction.)
The number of moles of potassium hydroxide that would react with 1 mole of hydrochloric acid would be 1 mole.
Stoichiometric mole ratio
The stoichiometric moles of species of a reaction are the coefficients of each species in the balanced symbol equation of the reaction.
The balanced equation of the reaction between potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is expressed as follows:
[tex]KOH + HCl --- > KCl + H_2O[/tex]
In this case, the stoichiometric mole of KOH is 1, that of HCl is 1, that of KCl is 1, and that of [tex]H_2O[/tex] is also 1.
In other words, the stoichiometric mole ratio of KOH and HCl is 1:1. For every 1 mole of KOH, 1 mole of HCl is required for a complete reaction.
Now, the question says what mole of potassium hydroxide will be required to react with 1 mole of hydrochloric acid?
Following the mole ratio, 1 mole of KOH will also be required.
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what is true of atoms, elements, and minerals? multiple select question. when a mineral is separated into its component atom parts, it is still a mineral. an element is a type of atom that has a specific number of protons. if a single atom of an element is broken apart, its pieces are still recognizable as that element. an atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the characteristics of that element. minerals are composed of chemically bonded elements.
Correct statements are:
An element is a type of atom that has a specific number of protons.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the characteristics of that element.
Minerals are composed of chemically bonded elements.
When a mineral is separated into its component atom parts, those parts will act according to the element they belong to, and the elements have properties that differ from the original mineral, because of chemical bonds formed during the creation of the mineral.
If a single atom of an element is broken apart, its pieces are protons, neutrons, and electrons, particles that are universal for all elements, and there is no way to distinguish, for example, iron neutrons from hydrogen neutrons. In cases of radioactive decay, atoms of elements may break down to form new elements.
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most of the triose phosphate produced by the calvin cycle is used to regenerate rubp, which is the first reactant in the cycle. what output of the light reactions is directly required for the regeneration steps?
Adenosine triphosphate is directly required for the regeneration steps.
What is Adenosine Triphosphate?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. The structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups.
What is Calvin cycle?
The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose.
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a soluble iodide was dissolved in water. then, an excess of silver nitrate, , was added to precipitate all of the iodide ion as silver iodide, . a question content area if 2.940 g of the soluble iodide gave 1.329 g of silver iodide, how many grams of iodine are in the sample of soluble iodide?
In the sample of soluble iodide, 0.7183 grams iodine are present.
To find the concentration of iodine in grams we must known about molar mass of Silver and molar mass of Iodine.
Molecular weight of Ag = 107.86
Molecular weight of I = 126.90
Molecular weight of = 107.86 + 126.90 = 234.76
Percentage of I in [tex]AgI[/tex] is = (126.90/234.77) x 100 = 54.05%
so we can convert percentage of Iodine in silver iodide into grams by using formula percentage of Iodine/100x grams of silver Iodide.
so,Concentration of Iodine in grams=[tex]\frac{54.05}{100}[/tex]×1.329
=0.5405x1.329
=0.7183g
1.329g of [tex]AgI[/tex] contains 0.7183g of iodine in soluble Iodide.
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A piece of copper with a volume of 100cm3 has a mass of 890g. Explain how you could use this information to find out how much mass would be in 13cm3 of copper.
The mass of the 13 cm³ of copper, given that 100 cm³ of it has a mass of 890 g is 115.7 g
How to determine mass of the copperWe'll begin by obtainig the density of the copper. This can be obtained as illustrated below:
Volume of copper = 100 cm³Mass of copper = 890 gDensity of copper =?Density = mass / volume
Density of copper = 890 / 100
Density of copper = 8.9 g/cm³
Finally, we shall determine the mass of the 13 cm³ of copper. This is obatined as follow:
Volume of copper = 13 cm³Density of copper = 8.9 g/cm³Mass of copper = ?Density = mass / volume
Cross multiply
Mass = Density × volume
Mass of copper = 8.9 × 13
Mass of copper = 115.7 g
Thus, the mass of the copper is 115.7 g
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The mass of 13 cm³ of copper with a volume of 100 cm³ has a mass of 890 g is 115.7 grams.
What is mass?Mass is defined as a dimensionless number used to describe the mass of a particle or item.
We'll start by finding out how dense copper is.
Given, Volume = 100 cm³
Mass = 890 g
Density = Mass / Volume
= 890 g / 100 cm³
= 8.9 g/cm³
Now to determine mass is 13 cm³ of copper is
Density = Mass / Volume
So, Mass = Density x Volume
= 8.9 g/cm³ x 13 cm³
= 115.7 grams
Thus, the mass of 13 cm³ of copper with a volume of 100 cm³ has a mass of 890 g is 115.7 grams.
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of increasing our use of solar energy?It would reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.Energy from the sun is abundant.Currently, the production and storage of solar energy is bit as cost efficient when compared to obtaining the same quantity of energy from fossil fuels.Solar energy does not generate air pollution such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.
The disadvantage of increasing our use of solar energy is that unfortunately currently, the production and storage of solar energy is bit as cost efficient when compared to obtaining the same quantity of energy from fossil fuels.
How many electron clouds does an element with 29 protons have?
Answer:
5, the last would be incomplete
Explanation:
The first, inner cloud has 2 electrons, then 8, then 8, then 8, then 3.
How does one periodic trend connect a racial trend in American Society? Why is it important to understand racial trends in American Society?
A periodic trend connect a racial trend in American Society ad it affect the distribution of power, wealth, opportunity, and create enduring social stratifications.
It is important to understand racial trends in American Society as it helps in understanding the society better.
How to illustrate the information?A trend is a shift or progression toward something new or different. Global migration is one of the most significant developments nowadays.
Today, 244 million individuals live in nations other than their native countries, which is three times the number in 1960. The world's migrant population would be the sixth largest country.
It should be noted that among the issue of racial trend is also the issue of black lives matter. This is important in order to end discrimination and also enhance the development in the country.
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can someone help me please !
The boiling point and freezing point of sulfur dioxide are -10℃ and -72.7℃ (at 1 atm), respectively. The triple point is -75℃ and 1.65 ×10-3 atm, and its critical point is at 157℃ and 78 atm. On the basis of this information, draw a rough sketch of the phase diagram of SO2.
What's phase diagram?
The phase diagram is a pressure vs temperature sketch. On the graph, the different physical states of any system at variable temperature and pressure are shown.
What's a Triple point?
A triple point is the point on a phase diagram where all three states of a system (solid, liquid, and gas) are in equilibrium.
What's a Critical point?
A critical point is that point on the phase diagram where the boundary between the liquid phase and gaseous phase vanishes away.
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Question is located on the picture below
Directions: Write the balanced equation for each of the following situations. . In addition, list the reaction type. YOU MUST TELL THE AMOUNTS OF EVERY SUBSTANCE THAT REMAINS IN THE CONTAINER AT THE END OF THE REACTION. ASSUME THAT ALL REACTIONS GO TO COMPLETION. If only STOICHIOMETRY, tell how much of the excess reactant is used!!!! Reaction Type a. Combination Reaction b. Decomposition Reaction c. Single Displacement / THIS IS ONE TYPE OF Oxidation Reduction Reaction d. Precipitation Reaction e. Gaseous Reaction f. Neutralization Reaction g. Combustion Reaction 5. 2.11 mg of hydrogen peroxide decomposes in the presence of manganese dioxide to form water and oxygen 5. Balanced Chemical Equation Reaction Type:At the completion of reactions: Grams of hydrogen peroxide: Grams of water: Grams of oxygen gas:
First, let's write the balanced chemical reaction:
2 H2O2 ---MnO2--> 2 H2O + O2
This reaction is a b. Decomposition Reaction of hydrogen peroxide.
Step 1. Let's transform 2.11 mg of H2O2 into moles using the following equation mole = mass / molar mass
Step 2. We are going to use the equation proportion to calculate the quantity in moles of each compound.
Step 3. We are going to transform moles into grams of each compound using the following equation: mass = mole x molar mass
Step 1.
We need to transform 2.11 mg to g. We just need to divide by 1000,
So: 2.11 x 10^-3 g of H2O
mole = 2.11 x 10^-3/34.02
mole = 6.20 x 10^-5 moles
Step 2.
2 moles of H2O2 ---- 2 moles of H2O
6.20 x 10^-5 moles ---- x moles of H2O
x = 6.20 x 10^-5 moles of H2O
2 moles of H2O2 ---- 1 moles of O2
6.20 x 10^-5 moles ---- x moles of O2
x = 3.10 x 10^-5 moles of O2
Step 3.
molar mass of O2 : 32 g/mol
molar mass of H2O: 18 g/mol
mass of H2O = 6.20 x 10^-5 x 18 = 1.12 x 10^-3 g
mass of O2 = 3.10 x 10^-5 x 32 = 9.92 x 10^-4 g
9. which flask contains the sample with the greatest density? a flask a b flask b c flask c d flask d e flask e 10. which flask contains the smallest number of moles of gas?
9 = T = 40 degrees Celsius, P = 2 atm is the greatest density
10 = T = 50 degrees Celsius, P = 0.5 atm is the smallest number of moles of gas .
Exactly which flask has the highest density?The gas with the highest atomic mass will be contained in the flask with the highest density.
Which flask would hold the most moles of gas at any given time?At constant volume and pressure, the ratio of the gas's moles to the temperature is inverse. Since the temperature was dropped, the flask containing helium will thus contain the most moles of gas.
Which flask is under the greatest pressure?Pressure and temperature have a straight relationship, PV = nRT, according to the ideal gas law. The pressure will be maximum in the heated helium flask because of this. d.
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Dry ice sublimes at −78. 5 oc at a pressure of 1 atm. At room temperature and 1 atm pressure, what is happening to the dry ice molecules on a molecular level as sublimation occurs?.
Dry ice sublimates when its molecules get enough thermal energy to the intermolecular holding the solid crystal together in some cases. This allows some molecules to transition directly into the vapor phase.
What is the process of sublimation?A substance can sublimate directly from its solid to it's own gaseous state without going through a liquid phase. Sublimation is the term most frequently used to describe the process through which snow and ice turn into water vapor in the air before even melting into liquid for those of us who is interested in the water cycle.
Why is sublimation important ?The sublimation procedure is used by chemists to clean up their substances. Typically, a solid is heated in a sublimation apparatus under vacuum. A non-volatile residue of impurities is left behind as the solid volatilizes and condenses as a refined chemical on a cooled surface (cold finger) at this lower pressure.
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