When the membrane potential becomes more positive, this is called depolarization.
When a stimulus reaches a resting neuron, depolarization happens. The gated sodium ion channels on the neuron's membrane suddenly open during the depolarization phase, allowing sodium ions (Na+) from outside the membrane to flood the cell.
What are the stages of nerve impulse transmission?
The action potential has three stages: depolarization, repolarization, and recovery. It moves swiftly down the neuron's axon as an electric current. At an electrical or chemical synapse, a nerve impulse is sent from one cell to another.
Therefore, when the membrane potential becomes more positive, this is called depolarization.
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Which structure would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?
O cell wall
O cell membrane
O cytoplasm
O nucleus
Answer: Nucleus as prokaryotes don't have their DNA enclosed in the nucleus unlike eukaroytes. They contain a single loop of dna and have no Nucleus
Answer:
Nucleus
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells have a capsule, ribosomes, DNA, cell wall, Plasma membrane, and cytoplasm. However, A nucleus is only present in eukaryotic cells.
which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying instead on anaerobic metabolism. eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes. prokaryotes have cells but eukaryotes do not. prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes.
Major difference between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell is that Eukaryotes have more organelles inside their cells than prokaryotes do.
Organelles with two membranes are absent from prokaryotes.
The membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, and other structures are absent from prokaryotes.
first statement is incorrect because prokaryotes can be strictly aerobic/anaerobic, microaerophilic, aerobic, or both.
second one is incorrect because eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells because they contain more organelles.
fourth statement is true as prokaryotes are monocellular, whereas eukaryotes—like yeast—are both monocellular (like animals, plants, and filamentous and colonial algae) and multicellular
Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
a. Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying instead on anaerobic metabolism.
b. Prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes.
c. Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.
d. Prokaryotes have cells but eukaryotes do not.
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what is an r factor? a. it's a jumping dna that can cut itself out from one region of the chromosome, then insert itself in another location of the same or different chromosome. b. it's a plasmid that carries a number of resistant genes. c. it's a section of the phage dna that can be transferred among different bacterial hosts. d. it's a bacterial toxin many pathogens can produce.
An r factor is It's a section of the phage dna that can be transferred among different bacterial hosts.
The correct option is C.
Where are chromosomes found?Each cell's cell nucleus chromosomes, which are structures that resemble threads and carry the DNA molecule. Each chromosomes is constructed from DNA that has been tightly wound around proteins known as histones numerous times to maintain its structure.
What is the main function of a chromosome?DNA may be accurately duplicated during these cell divisions thanks to chromosomes. So, once again. Our cells' nuclei include chromosomes, which enable precise DNA replication during cell division. It guarantees that our internal processes go properly and easily.
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What is the structure below? Label all parts of this structure including the polar & no polar regions.
The structure present in the image is of a phospholipid. It has 2 components:
Hydrophilic, polar phosphate head.Hydrophobic, non-polar, fatty acid tails.A phospholipid is one of the main constituent of plasma membranes. It is an amphipathic molecule as it contains the hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic parts. The hydrophilic part is the glycerol backbone along with phosphate group attached to its terminal hydroxyl group.
The fatty acid chain is the hydrophobic portion of the phospholipid that appears on the inner side of the plasma membrane bilayer. One of the two fatty acid chain is unsaturated due to presence of double bonds that gives it a kink.
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which of the following are methods used by biologists to distinguish different species? multiple select question. observing the outward appearance of individuals assessing whether the organisms occupy the same space determining evolutionary relationships and lineages determining if individuals physically interact with one another assessing the ability of individuals of different groups to successfully interbreed analyzing dna or other molecular sequences
The methods used by biologists to distinguish different species are: analyzing DNA or other molecular sequence
observing the outward appearance of individuals
assessing the ability of individuals of different groups to successfully interbreed
determinating evolutionary relationships and lineages
determining the organisms' ecological niches
Scientists use many ways to distinguish different species. Scientists use the DNA of organisms to look for similarities and differences in them. Based on these similarities and differences, they are able to distinguish species.
Assessing the physical traits of an organism also helps in differentiating it from other species.
Evolution is also a big key to determining the relationship and differences among species.
The place where an organism lives and its ecological nice also help in determining the differences and similarities in species.
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Match the type of microevolution with the example described below. Letters may be used once, more than once or not at all.A. genetic driftB. migrationC. mutationD. natural selection
• Peppered mohs vary from light to dark and the frequence of light and dark morths varies depending on the color of the trees in their environment.
,• D. Natural selection. ,The color frequency is related to the trees because whe the moths are a different color from th trees, they are more easuily eaten, so o,nly the mmore adapted moths, ,survive, and have ,offspring,.
• A group of birds moves to a new patch of forest and begins to breed with the existing poplation that currently lives in that forest.
,• B. Migration. , The group that arrives at the new patch of forest has, moved or migrated, and brings ,new genetic information, to the population living there previously.
• A small group of whte-tailed deer croosses the frozen water of Lake Michigan and establishes a new population on a remote island. The alleles present in the gene pol of the pfounder population differ from the populationpresent in the rst of Michigan. A
,• A. Genetic drift ,(founder effect)., When a small grup o indviduals splts from the main population and sestablishes anew new one, this new popultion hasjust a s ,smallample of the alleles f,rom ththe original population, and just by, random chance(genetic drift), differetnt ,alleles will be fixated, in the new population
• Colorful lizards living on brown leaves are most often eaten by predators.
,• D. Natural selection. ,As with the moths, the lizards with a more different color than their environment are moe prone to be eaten, so they don't reproduce and those colors don't remain in the poulation.
Question 1
In hydrolysis, large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.
O True
O False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Hydrolysis is the splitting of molecules with the addition of water
2 DNA replication and cell division are two major events in the cell cycle. Which statement
best describes the relationship of DNA replication and cell division?
F Cell division and DNA replication occur at the same time in eukaryotic cells.
G Cell division occurs before DNA replication in prokaryotic cells.
H DNA replication and cell division occur at different times in prokaryotic cells.
DNA replication occurs before cell division in eukaryotic cells.
(B.
Answer:
DNA replication occurs before cell division in eukaryotic cells.
Explanation:
which substance is secreted primarily by the stomach cells and promotes eating and weight gain by increasing smell sensitivity, stimulating appetite, and promoting efficient energy storage? a. lipoprotein lipase (lpl) b. ghrelin c. cholecystokinin (cck) d. leptin
Small amounts of ghrelin are also released by the small intestine, pancreas, and brain. Ghrelin is primarily produced and released by the stomach.
Ghrelin serves a variety of purposes. Because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and encourages fat storage, it is known as the "hunger hormone." The peptide known as ghrelin, or the "hunger hormone," is produced by ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and acts as a neuropeptide in the central nervous system. Ghrelin controls both the distribution and rate of use of energy in addition to controlling hunger. Ghrelin is secreted when the stomach is empty. Your stomach produces the hormone ghrelin. When your stomach is empty, ghrelin is released to tell your brain that it is time to eat.
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1. How was this viral entry similar to what Dede Koswara experienced with HPV?
What does this teach us about the importance of using fresh gloves when
working with potentially sick patients?
Dede Koswara, nicknamed the Tree Man, teaches us about the importance of wearing new gloves when working with potentially HPV patients. because if you use the same glove you can transmit diseases from a patient like Dede to another healthy one.
What is the story of Dede Koswara?He accidentally cut his knee, where a small wart grew on his leg, which eventually spread all over his body.
The solution was when he found US dermatology expert Dr. Anthony Gaspari of the University of Marlyland, he concluded that Dede's disease was caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV).
What is HPV?The human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for a high number of infections that, in most cases, do not present symptoms and are spontaneously regressed. This is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The human papilloma virus encompasses more than 200 related viruses.
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Produces in the upper part of the ocean get nutrients from
O river water that washes out to the ocean
O dead organisms floating in the water
O materials brought to the surface by upwelling
their roots, which grow into the ocean floor
How would a forensic scientist MOST accurately describe the chemical properties of a cup of gasoline?
OA. It is liquid and weighs two pounds.
OB.
It catches fires when lit with a match.
OC. It is slightly brownish in color.
OD. It is not very dense.
Answer: A. It is liquid and weighs two pounds.
Explanation:
A provides the most details and includes a quantitative measurement however an actual cup of gasoline does not weigh 2 pounds.
wo friends are discussing physical and chemical changes. isabela says that when you eat, it is a physical change because when you chew, the food is only changed into smaller pieces. mirabel says that when you eat, it is a chemical change because your body digests the food as the chemicals in your body break down the food into energy. who is right?
When one eats, the food is not just changed into smaller pieces, digestion of the food starts right from the mouth. Thus, Mirabel is right.
Food digestionThe digestion of most food types starts from the mouth once they get mixed with the saliva in the mouth. The digestion process continues in the stomach and is eventually finalized.
The digestion of foods is a chemical reaction. That is, foods are not just churned into pieces, they undergo chemical changes through the activities of enzymes.
In physical changes, substances only change physically and not chemically. Thus, they can be retrieved in most cases. This is unlike what is obtainable with chemical changes. Both the physical and chemical properties of food become irreversibly changed with the digestive activities of enzymes.
Thus, Mirabel is right in her assertion while Isabela is wrong.
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If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be __________.
If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be paralyze.
What is nerve?The lag phase refers to the interval between a motor neuron's activation and the onset of muscle contraction (sometimes called the latent phase). A signal known as an action potential travels to the motor neuron's end during the lag period (axon terminal).
Acetylcholine is released as a result, and the motor end plate depolarizes. The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium as a result of the depolarization, and calcium then binds to troponin, exposing the myosin binding site.
The actual muscular contraction that creates tension in the muscle occurs next. The contraction phase is the following stage. Actin and myosin cross-bridges form during the contraction phase. Actin is moved by myosin, which also releases and modifies cross-bridges.
Therefore, If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be paralyze.
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The stages of the cell cycle that include growth, dna doubling, and when the nucleus is not actively dividing, are collectively called?.
The stages of the cell cycle that include growth, dna doubling, and when the nucleus is not actively dividing, are collectively called interphase.
The G1, S, and G2 phases are all considered to be interphase, which is the part of the cell cycle that is not accompanied by changes that can be seen under a microscope. The cell expands (G1), copies its DNA (S), and gets ready for mitosis during interphase (G2). A cell going through interphase is not just dormant.
Since a cell in interphase is actively synthesising proteins, transcribing DNA into RNA, absorbing external material, processing signals, to name just a few tasks, the term quiescent (i.e. dormant) would be deceptive. Only in terms of cell division is the cell dormant (i.e. the cell is out of the cell cycle, G0).
A typical cell spends the majority of its time in interphase, which is the phase of the cell cycle. The metabolic or "everyday life" phase of the cell is known as the interphase, during which the cell develops, repeats its DNA in order to be ready for mitosis, and does other "typical" cell operations.
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If a mutation occurs in a gamete, which of the following is most likely to result?
If a mutation occurs in a gamete, then the statement indicating that mutation will not always cause the offspring to be genetically disadvantaged. of is the most likely result of this change (Option 4).
What is a germinal mutation?A germinal mutation is any genetic modification produced during the formation of gametes, which are germinal cells that generate an individual. All germinal mutations are potentially inheritable, while somatic body mutations are not inherited because these cells are not used to generate an individual.
Somatic mutations are only inherited by the cell line which suffered such mutation and therefore may produce disequilibrium in the organism but not alters the genetic pool of the population.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a germinal mutation can be inherited and therefore affect the fitness of the population.
Complete question:
If a mutation occurs in a gamete, which of the following is most likely to result?
If the mutation occurs on a recessive gene, it will most likely be expressed.
If the mutation is non-disjunctive then an extra chromosome could be in every cell of the offspring.
The mutation will not always cause the offspring to be genetically disadvantaged.
The mutation will not be passed on to the offspring.
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which of the following does not occur due to the effects of aging on the joints? select one: a. decreased range of motion b. decreased flexibility and elasticity c. increased production of synovial fluid d. weakening of muscles e. decreased tissue repair
Increased production of synovial fluid does not occur due to the effects of aging on the joints
Bones do not directly touch one another in a joint. They are padded by articular cartilage, which lines your joints, synovial membranes around the joint, and lubricating fluid inside your joints (synovial fluid). The amount of lubricating fluid inside your joints diminishes as you aging, and the cartilage gets thinner, making joint movement stiffer and less flexible. Joint stiffness is also often caused by the tendency of ligaments to shorten and lose some flexibility.
Lack of exercise is a major contributor to many of these joint changes that come with ageing. The fluid is kept moving by joint movement and the corresponding "stress" that comes with it. The cartilage contracts and stiffens with inactivity, decreasing joint mobility.
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thyroid hormones are principally concerned with the increase in metabolic rate of tissues that can result in certain effects. what are some of these effects? select all that apply.
Thyroid hormones are principally concerned with the increase in metabolic rate of tissues that can result in certain effects such as:
A) Increased heart rate
C) Increased body temperature
D) Increased cardiac output.
What is a Hormone?This is referred to as a chemical messenger which are produced by different types of glands and they are released directly into the bloodstream for action.
They control metabolic reactions and an example is the thyroid hormone which is located in the front of the neck. It controls growth and has other effects on the body such as increase in temperature and heart rate of the individual.
There is also an increase in the cardiac output due to the different reactions occurring which is therefore the reason why options A, C and D were chosen as the most correct choices.
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The full question is:
A nurse is describing the action of thyroid hormones to a client. The nurse would include information that thyroid hormones are principally concerned with the increase in the metabolic rate of tissues that can result in which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased respiratory rate
C) Increased body temperature
D) Increased cardiac output
E) Decreased oxygen consumption
8. Marine animals live in salt water, which is a hypertonic environment, there is more salt in the water than in the cells. To prevent losing too much water from their bodies, these animals intake large quantities of salt water and then secrete the excess salt. Why is the balance of water molecules inside and outside the cell is extremely important for the survival of all organisms, including humans?
Every aspect of existence depends on balance, or homeostasis, so maintaining this equilibrium is crucial. Although the amount of water required by each organism varies, they all require a certain quantity of water in order to keep their internal environments balanced.
Evaporative cooling is the most effective method of removing extra body heat, hence maintaining body water homeostasis is essential for avoiding hyperthermia. The kidneys control water intake and excretion to maintain water balance. The former is accomplished through thirst sensations that spur water intake, whilst the latter is controlled by vasopressin's antidiuretic effects.
Maintaining homeostasis is essential for an organism to function properly. So an organism can function in a close to absolute equilibrium all because of balancing.
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Which molecular structures could be found in lipids but not a carbohydrate, protein, or nucleic acid?
Answer:
Proteins, carbohydrates and lipids are made from three basic molecules: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. However, all proteins contain an element not found in carbohydrates and lipids is nitrogen.
Explanation:
what is it called when a concentration gradients are the same on either side of a membrane?
after glycolysis and the tca cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbons of glucose have been broken down to co2 with some net gain of atp. most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of
Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of NADH (D).
A co-enzyme called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is reduced by hydrogen atoms from the Kreb's cycle. The co-enzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide is another (FADH2), Typically, NADH2 moves hydrogen atoms into the mitochondrial matrix. Protons and electrons are spewed out of the hydrogen.
Proton motive force (PMF) pumps protons into intramembrane gaps from the matrix. As the proton diffuses back down the electrochemical gradient into the matrix, the high concentration of protons creates electrochemical gradients that provide the energy required for ATP production by the ATPase enzyme. Because of this, the energy from glucose is converted to NADH and used to synthesize ATP.
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Question correction:
Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of _____.
A. acetyl-CoA
B. NAD O
C. pyruvate
D. NADH
Why is it important to base scientific theory and models on empirical evidence
Answer: Empirical evidence is any information you can collect through the processes of observation, experimentation or the use of human senses. Acquiring empirical evidence is a vital step in the scientific method, as it gives researchers the opportunity to collect, organize and study any data that results from their work.
Remembering that proteins are made in cells that are 70% water- and water is polar-
describe how you might imagine that a protein spontaneously folds up into a complex 3D
shape.
The protein structure is divided into 4 levels. The primary structure is made up of peptide bonds connecting the amino acid chains. One's N terminus forms a relationship with another's C terminus.
The initial step of folding is secondary structure. The amino acid chain may create structures like the Alpha helix and Beta sheet by hydrogen bonding with itself.
How is protein structure impacted by polar?A protein's overall structure is impacted by the polarity of its amino acids. Due to the hydrophilic characteristics of the side chain, polar amino acid residues frequently occur outside of proteins.
The folding and intramolecular bonding of a protein's linear amino acid chain are driven by the protein's fundamental structure, or its amino acid sequence, which ultimately defines the protein's distinctive three-dimensional form.
When multiple amino acids combine to form a protein, each amino acid's special characteristics dictate how the protein folds into its ultimate 3D structure. The protein may carry out a particular job in our cells because of its structure.
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Which part of a cell is the fluid environment where molecules are broken down and new molecules made?
mitochondria
cell membrane
cytoplasm
cytosol
Make a claim- Does meiosis increase or decrease genetic variations?
Answer:
it increases
Explanation:
when two strains of bacteria with genotypes abcd and abcd are grown together in the lab, a small number of bacteria with the genotype abcd eventually arise. how does this likely occur? meiosis lateral gene transfer variable expressivity epistasis phenotypic plasticity
When two strains of bacteria with genotypes abcd and abcd are grown together in the lab, a small number of bacteria with the genotype abcd eventually arise, which is likely due to lateral gene transfer (Option 2).
What is lateral gene transfer?Lateral gene transfer can be defined as a process that occurs in prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria which is associated with the interchange of genetic material between them.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of lateral gene transfer causes the interchange of genetic material and therefore increase variation in the resulting bacteria.
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Flag questionTransfer RNAs (tRNA) are produced through transcriptionof tRNA "genes" (DNA).It is of course essential that the tRNAs produced havecorrect ribonucleotide sequences so that (i) they arerecognised by the correct aminoacyl tRNA synthetase and(ii) they have an anticodon that matches them to thecorrect mRNA codon during translation.ESTSAssume the DNA encoding one of the tRNAs for the aminoacid tryptophan has been mutated and instead of itsanticodon sequence reading 5'-CCA-3' (correct), it nowreads 5'-TCA-3' (incorrect).What will be the effect on protein synthesis? Explainbriefly.TEEK 11CEK 11
It would depend on whether the modified codon code for the same amino acid or not. If it does not code for the same amino acid, then the protein would be different, and in some cases, it can cause a problem with its function, mostly if this modification is found on the interaction site of the protein with other components.
What does a carbon atom do during photosynthesis?
During photosynthesis, plants capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and water from the soil to carry out this process. What happens with carbon atoms is that they, with the sunlight action, will go to form glucose, whose chemical formula we can see it in the following:
[tex]6\text{ CO}_2\text{ + 6 H}_2\text{O }\rightarrow\text{ C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6\text{ + 6 O}_{2\text{ }}[/tex]What those 6 numbers tell us, is that for each 6 carbon dioxide atoms, plus each 6 water molecules, the process will be carried out, producing one glucose molecule, plus 6 oxygen molecules.
oxygen enters seawater: group of answer choices through the respiration of animals. through the oxidation of metal ions in seawater. as a result of decomposition of plant and animal remains. as a byproduct of photosynthesis and diffusion from the surface
oxygen enters seawater as a byproduct of photosynthesis and diffusion from the atmosphere.
The conversion of sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water into food (sugars) and oxygen is known as photosynthesis. Algae, certain bacteria, and plants all use this process. To assist in the creation of clean fuels and renewable energy sources, this article will examine the basic concepts of photosynthesis and related studies. The two forms of photosynthetic processes are anoxygenic and oxygenic, respectively. Despite the fact that they both operate on very similar principles, oxygenic photosynthesis, which is found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, is the more prevalent process.
Light energy converts CO2 into carbohydrates by transferring electrons from the water (H2O) absorbed by plant roots during oxygenic photosynthesis. The CO2 is "reduced," or gains electrons, while the water is "oxidised," or loses electrons, during this transfer. Carbohydrates and oxygen are both created.
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