The number of phage particles present on this plate is 50 Million phages.
When a plague started with one phage, after 1st round of replication it will produce 10 virus particles. After another round, each of the 10 viruses will produce 10 virus particles each, totaling 100 particles. And then after 3rd round, each of the 100 phages will produce 10 each = 1000 phages. So, (10)^3
Initially, 400 phages are present, and the burst size is 50., After 3 rounds, the number of phages will be = 400× (50)^3
= 50 Million phages.
DNA replication is the procedure via which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to provide identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential method because, each time a mobile divides, the two new daughter cells must comprise the same genetic information, or DNA, as the discern cell.
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a boreal forest that is dominated by evergreen conifer trees like spruce, fir, cedar, and pine can withstand intense cold and drought. during the brief summer the soil becomes water logged and forms acidic bogs or muskegs. what is another name for this biome besides a boreal forest or an evergreen coniferous forest?
The boreal forest, also known as coniferous forest, is found in most of Canada, Alaska, Russia, and northern Europe between 50o and 60o north latitude. Taiga is a term used to describe boreal forests in North America.
What is the boreal forest also known as?Taiga, also known as boreal forest, is a biome (major life zone) of vegetation that consists primarily of cone-bearing needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen trees and is found in northern circumpolar forested regions with long winters and moderate to high annual precipitation.The boreal forest, also known as coniferous forest, is found in most of Canada, Alaska, Russia, and northern Europe between 50o and 60o north latitude. Taiga is a term used to describe boreal forests in North America.To learn more about : Boreal forest,
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the percentage of homozygous recessive individuals (for one particular trait) in a population is found to be 49%. assuming the population is at hardy-weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the recessive allele? (allele frequencies are displayed as a number between 0-1. do not give a percentage).
The frequency of the recessive allele is 0.7.
As per the question, the percentage of homozygous recessive individuals = 49% or a frequency of 0.49. So, frequency of recessive allele is the square root of 0.49 = 0.7
The Hardy Weinberg rule states that in the absence of circumstances that promote evolution, the genotype and allele frequencies in a population remain constant. It claims that the binomial expansion of the square of the sum of p and q can be used to describe the total genotype frequencies. The binomial expression is as follows:
[tex](p+q)^{2}[/tex] = [tex]p^{2}[/tex] + [tex]q^{2}[/tex] + [tex]2pq^{}[/tex]
Here, p and q are the frequencies of dominant and recessive alleles respectively.
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Which best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?
Mitochondrial DNA is the same as nuclear DNA.
Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through the father.
Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations.
Mitochondrial DNA requires large amounts for testin
Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
Mitochondrial DNA is the circular chromosome found inside the cellular organelles called mitochondria. Located in the cytoplasm, mitochondria are the site of the cell's energy production and other metabolic functions. Offspring inherit mitochondria and as a result mitochondrial DNA from their mother.
The mitochondrial genome is circular, whereas the nuclear genome is linear. The mitochondrial genome is built of 16,569 DNA base pairs, whereas the nuclear genome is made of 3.3 billion DNA base pairs. Unlike the DNA inside the nucleus, it is not a mixture of our parent's DNA, and each person's mtDNA is nearly identical to his or her mother's mtDNA.
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What did West Virginia change in its constitution compared to that of Virginia?
West Virginia compared to that of Virginia does not feature a process for initiated constitutional amendments in their constitution.
What is constitution?A constitution is described as the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
The state of west Virginia has some differences in their constitutional amendment processes which is means that they do not feature the process for initiated constitution amendment.
Therefore in conclusion, amendments in West Virginia can only be put on the ballot done either through referral by the legislature or by a constitutional convention.
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multiple select question select all that apply chargaff found that double-stranded dna contains approximately a 1:1 ratio of adenine and thymine, and approximately a 1:1 ratio of cytosine and guanine. what did james watson conclude from this observation? multiple select question. that cytosine in one strand of dna binds to adenine in the other strand that adenine in one strand of dna binds to thymine in the other strand that cytosine in one strand of dna binds to guanine in the other strand that thymine in one strand of dna binds to guanine in the other strand that dna is replicated in a semiconservative way
This is the foundation of Chargaff's rule; due to their complementarity, a DNA molecule contains an equal amount of adenine and thymine, as well as guanine and cytosine.
It's interesting to note that Watson and Crick discovered that Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Cytosine always pairs with Guanine, proving Chargaff's rule that the ratio of [A] to [T] and the ratio of [G] to [C] are equivalent.
What does the Chargaff rule mean?
According to Chargaff's criteria, DNA from all cells of all creatures should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases. More specifically, the amounts of guanine and adenine should be equal to cytosine and thymine, respectively.
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higher concentration of salt. 1. inhibits nucleic acids secondary structure formation by increasing repulsion of phosphodiester backbones. 2. will have no effect on nucleic acids secondary structure formation. 3. promotes nucleic acids secondary structure formation by decreasing repulsion of phosphodiester backbones. 4. affects nucleic acids secondary structure formation by changing the strength of stacking interactions. group of answer choices
A higher concentration of salt promotes nucleic acid's secondary structure formation by decreasing the repulsion of phosphodiester backbones.
What role does high salt concentration have in protein synthesis?To buffer the charges along the phosphate backbone and overcome electrostatic repulsion, high salt concentrations (> 0.6M) are frequently necessary. Protein aggregation and precipitation are aided by high salt concentrations.
What is the high salt concentration solution?The solution with a high salt concentration is known as DS. FO-RO hybrid systems outperform RO stand-alone systems for one of two reasons:
Fouling of the RO membrane is decreased, and seawater is diluted by FO, lowering the osmotic pressure of the seawater and hence the RO pressure.Learn more about osmotic pressure here:-
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which of the following characteristics is/are associated with rem sleep? group of answer choices a. sleep spindles b. delta waves c. declarative memory consolidation d. human growth hormone release e. muscle paralysis
The following characteristics which are associated with rem sleep include the following below:
delta waveshuman growth hormone releasemuscle paralysis.What is REM sleep?This is referred to as rapid eye movement sleep and it occur about an hour after an individual or animal falls asleep and is accompanied by an increase in breathing and heart rate.
This type of sleep is characterized by an increase in brain activity which results in the occurrence of dream. This type of sleep also involves a low muscle tone which is responsible for what causes the muscle paralysis which is experienced in this phase.
It occurs when the person isn't yet in deep sleep and leads to the increase in growth hormones in the body and the presence of delta waves which makes them the correct choices.
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Magma that forms subduction zones is high in which volatile substance? 20 points
Answer:
The most abundant volatile in magma is water (H 2 O), followed typically by carbon dioxide (CO 2), and then by sulphur dioxide (SO 2)
Explanation:
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A student conducted an original, well-designed experiment, carefully following proper scientific procedure. In order for the conclusions to become generally accepted, the experiment must
For the experiment to have an accepted conclusion it must be repeated so as to verify reliability of the data.
Any important results must be more than a one-off finding and be naturally repeatable, according to the reliability theory. It must be possible for other researchers to conduct the exact same experiment, under the identical circumstances, and produce the same outcomes. The experiment and research may have not met all testability requirements without this replication of statistically significant results. This condition must be met for a hypothesis to become a recognized scientific truth. In general, it is acceptable to anticipate that the instruments will continue to be precise and truthful.
The scientific community is more likely to accept your conclusion if you built your experiment with validity and reliability in mind.
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Your question is incomplete, for the full question please refer:
A student carried out a unique, well-planned experiment while meticulously adhering to the rules of science. The experiment has to be the following for the conclusions to be widely accepted:
contains the several experimental variablessupport original hypothesisbe repeated to verify reliability of databe conducted by any scientist.the major difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms comes from the group of answer choices presence or absence of a protective covering over the ovule. presence or absence of vascular tissue. dominance of sporophyte in angiosperms and dominance of gametophyte in gymnosperms. production of microspore versus megaspores.
The ovule's protective coating is present or absent. The existence or absence of a protective covering around the ovule is the key distinction between angiosperms and gymnosperms.
What distinguishes gymnosperms from angiosperms in terms of their ovules?In angiosperms, the female gametophyte is found in the ovule, a contained structure inside the ovary; in gymnosperms, the female gametophyte is found on the female cone's exposed bracts. Gymnosperms do not have double fertilisation, which is a crucial stage in the life cycle of angiosperms.
Gymnosperms are referred to as non-flowering plants, whereas angiosperms are referred to as blooming plants. Gymnosperms lack flowers or fruits in favour of having bare seeds on the surface of leaves, whereas angiosperms have seeds encased in an ovary (a fruit).
Gymnosperms and angiosperms vary primarily in how their seeds are produced. Angiosperm seeds form in the ovaries of flowers and are encased in a fruit for protection.
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blue poppies native to china are grown at a plant-breeding center in california. those with the thickest leaves survive and reproduce best in california's drier climate. this evolutionary adaptation of the poppies to their new environment is due to
This evolutionary adaptation of blue poppies that allowed the thickest leaves to survive and reproduce best in California's drier climate is due to d) directional selection.
In the field of biology, directional selection can be described as a process in which the organisms having traits that are better and make them more adapted to an environment are able to survive and increase in population.
In the case above, the climate of California was drier as compared to that of China. Thick-leaved blue poppies were better able to survive in this environment as compared to the thin-leaved ones. Hence, with the passage of time, through directional selection, the thick-leaved blue poppies increased in population.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Blue poppies native to china are grown at a plant-breeding center in California. those with the thickest leaves survive and reproduce best in California's drier climate. this evolutionary adaptation of the poppies to their new environment is due to
a) genetic drift
b) neutral variation
c) disruptive selection
d) directional selection
e) stabilizing selection
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Which of the following factors contribute to the spread of diseases?A. All of theseB. Poor public health measuresC. Evolution of microbesD. Climate change
The fast spread of diseases is due to the lack of hygiene, the poor salubrity in public spaces, and the contamination of food and water.
Climate change is mainly due to the high concentration of greenhouse gases, and those in high concentrations have demonstrated adverse effects on health.
The fact that drugs are getting less effective in stopping the spread of diseases, and eradicating them, also makes the disease harder to control. And also, some mutations of the microbes can contribute to their ability to infect, and therefore spread the disease.
All of the factors contribute to the harder control of diseases, and might as well help them to spread. Therefore, the answer is A.
when you have a severe fever, what grave consequence may occur if the fever is not controlled?when you have a severe fever, what grave consequence may occur if the fever is not controlled?change in the tertiary structure of your enzymesbinding of your enzymes to inappropriate substratesdestruction of your enzymes' primary structureremoval of amine groups from your proteinsremoval of the amino acids in the active sites of your enzymes
"Change in the folding of enzymes" is the grave consequence that may occur if the fever is not controlled.
When someone gets a fever, their body temperature is high. Infections typically cause it. If a fever is not treated, a change in the way your enzymes fold may have serious consequences. Hydrogen bonds and other weak intermolecular interactions hold enzymes in place while they are folding.
The high temperatures brought on by a fever can disrupt these relationships. Enzymes that are not folded can harm a cell because they cannot fulfill their necessary activities when they are unfolded. This is because their three-dimensional form determines how they work. Because heat accomplishes those things to proteins, the other options are not fatal outcomes of a fever.
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thanks to a novel recessive mutation, a certain plant species has begun to invade colder arctic regions outside of its normal range. however, this cold-tolerant mutation has not yet become fixed in the population. a second mutation arises that promotes self-pollination. do you predict that the self-pollination allele will be selected for in the arctic regions? why or why not?
Plant cell death is the intracellular sequence of activities that ends the life processes of a plant cell. Plant cells can die through necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagy.
What happens to a plant eventually, causing it to die?Senescence describes all of the alterations that occur in a plant and ultimately result in the death of its cells, tissues, and ultimately the entire plant body. Even in extremely young, thriving plants, these alterations can be visible in a few cells.
An embryo and endosperm, both of which are necessary for the growth of a viable seed, are produced in angiosperms as a result of double fertilization. Plants that are diploid create diploid embryos and triploid endosperm.
Why does the photoperiodic route, which many plants utilize, control when flowers form? In this plant, temperature and day duration both affect flowering. Flower formation is being hindered by the warm environment and prolonged exposure to light.
The aberrant transformation of floral components into leafy structures is known as phyllody. Although environmental variables that lead to an imbalance in plant hormones may also be to blame, phytoplasma or virus infections are the usual culprits.
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How did the scientific research that started the Green Revolution affect society?
The scientific research that started the green revolution affected society in such a way that (C) It resulted in increase food production, which improved peoples lives.
Green revolution, a significant rise in the production of food grains like wheat and rice, largely due to the introduction of new, high-yielding varieties into developing nations around the middle of the 20th century.
Mexico and the Indian subcontinent were its initial dramatic success. Concerns about cost and the potential for adverse effects on the environment stem from the fact that the new varieties necessitate a significant amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers to achieve their high yields.
These grains have frequently yielded even lower yields than the older varieties, which were better suited to the local conditions and had some resistance to pests and diseases. Poor farmers cannot afford the fertilizers and pesticides.
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Da. To which kingdom do moulds belong?
b. Name the two main parts of bread mould and identify their key role. Use a sketch
Bread Moulds or Rhizopus belong to The Fungi Kingdom.
The two main parts of bread mould are:
1. Rhizoids-
Rhizoids are branching structures that serve as anchors for the fungus in the substrate, allowing it to release digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients. When the environment is favorable, the sporangia, which contain a large number of haploid spores created by mitosis, release the spores into the surrounding air.
2. Sporangia-
Rhizopus produces sporangia at the ends of sporangiophores in order to reproduce asexually. Numerous sporangia open to discharge them. When two hyphae of different mating kinds ('+' and '-') come into contact on occasion, the right conditions will cause them to encourage each other to grow together to affect sexual reproduction.
What are the defining features of Kingdom Fungi?
Eukaryotic, non-vascular, immobile, heterotrophic creatures are fungi.They could be filamentous or unicellular.They spread spores to reproduce.The phenomena of generational alternation are seen in fungi.Since fungi lack chlorophyll, they are unable to carry out photosynthesis.Therefore, Moulds belong to the fungi kingdom.
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an advantage to having ether-linked membrane lipids is that ether links choose one: a. use less cellular carbon, saving energy. b. allow cyclic rings to form. c. do not require an enzyme to form. d. are more stable and less likely to break.
An advantage to having ether-linked membrane lipids is that ether links are more stable and less likely to break.
Ether lipids are a distinct kind of glycerophospholipids that have an ether bond connecting an alkyl chain to the sn-1 position. In ether lipids, the alcohol moiety linked to the phosphate group is typically choline or ethanolamine, though inositol or serine have also been noted on occasion.
Because archaeal membranes naturally function in a wide range of temperatures, they typically do not need to modify their lipid composition to temperature changes in the same way that bacteria do.
The ether-linkage gives the membrane increased chemical stability. The side chains themselves, which are unbranched fatty acids in bacteria and eukaryotes and isoprenoid chains in archaea, account for the third and fourth differences. Branching side chains may be present in these isoprenoid chains.
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a phagehunter plates 400 phage particles onto a pyca plate with gordonia terrae. the burst size of the phage is 50 phage particles per round of replication. after three rounds of replication, how many phage particles are present on this plate?
The number of phage particles present on this plate is 60000.
A phage particle consists of a single form of nucleic acid (both DNA or RNA) and a protein capsid that protects the genetic cloth. The vast majority of phages also possess a tail (fabricated from proteins) that enables the specific recognition of a receptor on the surface of the host bacterium.
No. Of phage particles in phage hunter = 400
No. Of phage particles replicate from one particle in 1 round= 50
No. of phage particles replicate from 400 particles in round = 50*400
= 20000 particles.
No. Of phage particles replicate from 400 particles in 3 rounds= 20000*3
= 60000
So after three rounds of replication, 60000 phage particles are present on this plate.
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Dwarfism in pea plants is caused by a single gene. Tall is a dominant trait and dwarf is a recessive trait. If two dwarf pea plants were crossed, their offspring will be?.
Tall is a dominant trait and dwarf is a recessive trait. If two dwarf pea plants were crossed, their offspring will be dwarf because there in no dominant gene to mask the dwarfism since both parents are homozygous recessive.
Short stature caused by a genetic or medical disease is known as dwarfism. A height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 cm) or less in adulthood is considered dwarfism. Individuals with dwarfism are typically 4 feet tall as adults (122 cm). Dwarfism is brought on by a variety of medical disorders. The term "homozygous recessive" refers to an organism that possesses two identical copies of the recessive gene. Learn more about the meaning of homozygous recessive and examples of genetic illnesses caused by this gene.
Recessive alleles, also known as homozygous alleles, only manifest their effects in individuals who have two copies of the allele.
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g if the ecologist placed 12 kangaroo rats in the area between the patches and the animals followed an ideal free distribution, approximately how many individuals would be in each habitat?
8 in the high quality patch, and 4 in the low quality patch would be in each habitat.
What is a habitat?A habitat encompasses the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species.
From the question, the ideal distribution between the two patches should be such that each of them receive the most per capita.
An organism habitat is any home that is a natural environment in which an animal, plant, or other organism lives.
There are basically three types of habitat which includes:
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The complete question is attached in an image:
8
Which evidence can the student collect to support her hypothesis?
A. She can visually count the number of rocks in the bottle.
B. She can observe condensation on the inside of the bottle.
C. She can add a new plant to the plastic bottle every day.
D. She can observe precipitation in her neighborhood every day.
The evidence can the student collect to support her hypothesis is she can visually count the number of rocks in the bottle. Thus, option A is correct.
What is experiment?
An experiment has been defined as process that has been designed to diagnose the hypothesis which has the portion of scientific method or procedure.
Scientific experiment has been done by testing the particular medicine on an animal and by observing the impact of medicine on the animal as well as the reaction of the animal.
There are mainly three types of the scientific experiments and these are experimental which consist of major level of scientific experimentation. The second type has Quasi- experimental and third type is non- experimental study or reasearch.
Therefore, The evidence can the student collect to support her hypothesis is she can visually count the number of rocks in the bottle. Thus, option A is correct.
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Example A: A person ate a ham sandwich and ran a race. She finished in first place.
Claim: The ham sandwich was the reason she won, and she should eat ham sandwiches before all her races.
Example B: A person ate different meals before 20 races that he ran. For ten races, he ate spaghetti before the race and finished in either first, second, or third place. For the other ten races, he ate fried chicken and finished in second place once, but finished in sixth or seventh place in the rest of the races.
Claim: Spaghetti helped his performance, and he should eat spaghetti before all his races.
Which claim is based on higher-quality evidence?
Answer:
Explanation:
there are more trials, that contain solid results, rather than a 1 time, so bee(I can't type the letter by itself for some reason)
Describe the phase change of the ice if it were to be left sitting out.
The phase change that occurs when the ice is left sitting out will be melting that causes solid to turn into liquid.
Melting is the phenomenon in chemistry where a solid substance is converted into liquid. This change happens due to the difference in the temperature requirement. For a substance to be solid, the temperature must be low while it should be high for liquid phase.
Solid are those substances that have strong intermolecular forces and their molecules lie very closely packed in a definite shape. Thus, solid substances have a definite shape and volume. The kinetic energy pf solids is quite less.
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Explain radiometric dating. Provide an example of how this process is used to determine absolute age.
Radiometric dating is a method of determining how old something (perhaps a wooden artifact, stone, or fossil) is based on the presence of radioactive isotopes.
The basic logic behind radiometric dating is to determine the age of the sample by comparing the presence of radioisotopes in the sample to their known abundances and known half-lives (decay rates) on Earth.
Radiometric dating helps determine the age of ancient objects because many radioactive materials decay slowly. Rock age is determined by radiometric dating, which examines the proportions of two different isotopes in the sample.
Because radioactive isotopes decay at predictable rates, geologists can use instruments like this thermal ionization mass spectrometer to date samples. The half-life of an element is the time it takes for exactly half the amount of that element to decay. The age of a sample can be determined from the ratio of parent and daughter isotopes in the sample.
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Answer:
After pollination, these gametes move to the ovule, where they combine with female gametes, which also contain half the quota of chromosomes. This process is called fertilisation. After fertilisation, the combined cell grows into an embryo inside a seed.
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Amoebas are single celled organisms that take in particles, and sometimes smaller organisms, as food by enclosing the food particle
in its membrane. The amoeba requires energy for this process.
Which structure in an amoeba produces the energy it needs?
O vesicle
O nucleolus
O vacuole
O mitochondria
Answer:
mitochondria
Explanation:
How can a balanced reciprocal translocation that does not cause the person to have an abnormal phenotype cause that person’s offspring to have an abnormal phenotype?.
In a balanced reciprocal translocation, chromosomes are arranged in such a manner that no chromosome material gets gained or lost in the process.
A person who carries balanced translocation is usually unaware of the fact that he or she is having this sort of problem unless they give birth to a child. If one of the parents carries a balanced translocation, then it may possible that the child may inherit an unbalanced translocation in his life.
In an unbalanced translocation, the exchange of chromosomal material is unequal resulting into extra or missing genes. However, it is not necessary that if a parent has balanced translocation then he or she will always pass it on to the child.
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blood vessels throughout the human body differ in terms of composition, contents, and size. however, vessels can be grouped into three classes: arteries (and arterioles, the smallest of the arteries), capillaries, and veins (and venules, the smallest of the veins). in which class of blood vessel does blood pressure refer to the pressure that blood exerts against them?
In arteries class of blood vessel does blood pressure refer to the pressure that blood exerts against them
Blood pressure is the force of your blood against the artery walls. Blood is transported from your heart to different regions of your body through arteries. Throughout the day, your blood pressure typically increases and decreases.
The main blood vessel supplying the muscles in your upper arm and elbow joint is called the brachial artery. It's frequently used to check blood pressure. Because the brachial artery is located close to the skin's surface, violent traumas like arm fractures might harm it.
Blood pressure is also influenced by arterial wall thickness and flexibility. The arteries experience pressure every time the heart contracts and relaxes. When blood is being pushed from the heart into the arteries, the pressure is at its highest.
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1. The enzyme pepsin is found in the stomach. Which medicine is most likely to directly interfere with pepsin's function?
A. a medicine that blocks neural impulses
B. a medicine that affects pH
C. a medicine that prevents clotting
D. a medicine that lowers cholestrol levles
Remembering that proteins are made in cells that are 70% water- and water is polar-
describe how you might imagine that a protein spontaneously folds up into a complex 3D
shape.
A protein can spontaneously folds up into a complex tridimensional 3D shape by inducing polar domain groups to outside the molecule and hydrophobic domains the inside, which allows forming stable bonds with surrounding water molecules.
What is protein folding?Protein folding is the process for which a protein adopts its final 3D shape, which is fundamental for its function and to form chemical bonds with the surrounding aqueous environment. During folding, protein hydrophobic domains are generally located inside the molecule in order to avoid the repulsion of charges, while polar groups such as R-charged groups are located outside.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that protein folding is fundamental and polar domains are generally located outside the molecule.
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