fig. 15 shows a simplified diagram of the electrolysis of a molten electrolyte containing lithium chloride. b. Describe how the electron configuration of each lithium ion changes when it arrives at the cathode. You may draw a diagram to help you answer this question.​

Answer

Refrigeration slows the rate at which food is being spoiled

Explanation

One of the importance of storing foods at cold temperatures (refrigeration) is to slow the growth of microorganisms, thereby limiting food poisoning while preserving food's nutritional qualities and good taste.

Therefore, the impact the cargo ship refrigeration systems have on the banana industry is:

Refrigeration slows the rate at which food is being spoiled

According to the Planck's equation,the total energy of 2.3×10¹¹ photons of gamma radiation is 11.7208×10[tex]^-3[/tex] J.

Max Planck discovered the theory which stated that energy is transferred in the form of discrete packs which are called quanta and thus proposed an equation called the Planck's equation which relates energy and frequency of a photon and is given as, E=hcυ or in terms of wavelength it is ,E=hc/λ.

The equation makes use of a constant which is called the Planck's constant and it's value is 6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex] Js.

In the given problem, the energy is calculated as, E=6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex]×3×10⁸/3.9×10[tex]^-12[/tex]=5.096×10[tex]^-14[/tex] J.

Thus,for 2.3×10¹¹ photons it is 5.096×10[tex]^-14[/tex] ×2.3×10¹¹ =11.7208×10[tex]^-3[/tex] J.

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Answer:

D- Br

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation between magnesium and hydrochloric acid  is Mg + 2 HCl[tex]\rightarrow[/tex] MgCl₂ + H₂

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.

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Metals reacts with hydrogen halides to produce metallic halides easily and the reaction evolves hydrogen gas. The balanced reaction of Mg and HCl is written as follows:

[tex]Mg (s) + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_{2} (aq)+ H_{2}(g)[/tex]

A balanced reaction is represented by a chemical equation, in which each elements are equal in number on both side of the reaction. Thus the coefficients of reactants must be in proper stoichiometric ratios.

Metals easily reacts with hydrogen halides such as HCl, HBr, HF etc to form their metal halides. This reaction evolves hydrogen gas. Metals are highly electropositive and they can donate electrons to the electronegative atoms such as Cl.

In the given reaction, there are 2 hydrogens and two chlorines in the product side. Thus We have to multiply HCl by 2. Thus, there will be equal number of hydrogens in both side and similar for Mg and chlorines.

Therefore, the balanced reaction is :[tex]Mg (s) + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_{2} (aq)+ H_{2}(g)[/tex]. and the whole number coefficients are 1,2,1,1.

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According to the pH scale, the pH can range from 0 to 14, and the lower the pH, the more acidic the solution is, the same goes if the pH is higher, the solution will be basic. These two informations are based on the neutral value of pH, which is 7. Letter B is the answer

Millikan's oil drop experiment measured the size of the electric charge on the electron.

This is referred to as a type of procedure which is carried out in other to accept or refute a hypothesis. Electron on the other hand, is the negatively charged subatomic particle which is present in an atom and are involved in the formation of new substances during a chemical reaction.

Millikan's oil drop experiment measured the size of the electric charge on the electron and used tiny drops of oil which helped in the calculation of the charge and the mass of an electron.

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ANSWER

STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION

The north star are stationary because it is positioned close to earth axis.it is the brightest star in the constellation.  

Star is a luminous celestial body of gas which are mostly hydrogen and helium that shines and radiate energy sources. north star named as north star because its location is exactly above north pole. north star having some spiritual meaning , it is also called as polaris. north star is in the same location every night unlike all the other star.  it is the brightest star in the constellation.

Thus, The north star are stationary because it is positioned close to earth axis.it is the brightest star in the constellation.

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Answer

HBr is the limiting reactant

Al is the excess reactant.

Explanation

Given:

Moles of Al = 3.22 mol

Moles of HBr = 6.96 mol

Equation: 2 Al + 6 HBr → 2 AlBr₃ + 3 H₂

What to find;

The limiting and excess reactants.

Solution:

Note: The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely used up in a reaction, and thus determines when the reaction stops. While the excess reactant is the opposite.

From the given balanced chemical equation;

2 moles of Al require 6 moles of HBr

Therefore, the given 3.22 moles of Al will require (3.22/2) x 6 = 9.66 moles of HBr

Since the given moles of HBr is 6.96 mol not up to 9.66 moles required, then HBr is the limiting reactant and Al is the excess reactant.

HBr is the limiting reactant

Al is the excess reactant.

Answer:

b Different amounts of food samples were used.

Explanation:

The mass of the two samples needs to be the same in order for the test to be accurate.

If phosphorus-33 have an half-life of 25 days the amount of phosphorus-33 that will remain after 150 days is 0.042 oz.

Half-life is the time taken for half the sample of a radioactive substance to decay.

To calculate the amount of phosphorus-33 that will remain after 150 days, we use the formula below.

Formula:

Where:

From the question,

Given:

Substitute these values into equation 1

Hence the amount of phosphorus-33 that will remain after 150 days is 0.042 oz.

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The energy and frequency of the red light would be  2.88 × 10⁻¹⁹ Joules and 4.615 × 10¹⁴ Hz respectively if the red light has a wavelength of 650

nm.

It can be understood in terms of the distance between any two similar successive points across any wave for example wavelength can be calculated by measuring the distance between any two successive crests.

C = λν

As given in the problem we have to calculate the energy of the light if the wavelength of light is 6.5 × 10⁻⁷ meters.

The frequency of the red  light = 3 × 10⁸ / 6.5 × 10⁻⁷

                                                    = 4.615 × 10¹⁴ Hz

The energy of the red light = h ν

                                             = 6.26 × 10⁻³⁴ × 4.615 × 10¹⁴

                                             = 2.88 × 10⁻¹⁹ Joules

Thus, the energy and frequency of the red light would be  2.88 × 10⁻¹⁹ Joules and 4.615 × 10¹⁴ Hz respectively.

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Metals normally have different densities, so we can try to determine which metal is this by its density.

Assuming it is pure, the density of the metal is its mass divided by its volume:

Now, we need to look for some table with densities of various metals and see which one has the density we found, 11.4 g/cm³.

Since we don't have one, we can look for one. In it, we can see that the only metal with this density is lead.

So, the metal in the question should be lead.

Explanation:

We form a supersaturated solution. At 45 °C the solution has more potassium nitrate that can be dissolved. The recrystallization of the excess dissolved solute can be started inserting a crystal that is called seed crystal.

Answer: seed

The easiest way to tell which layer is wich, while performing the extraction experiment is to run a little test.

The test will consist on mixing a sample of both layers in different recipients with water.

After mixing them, the recipient with a homogeneous phase will have the aqueous layer, and the other one will be the organic layer.

Answer: The layer on top.

Explanation:

Assuming you were completing an extraction experiment and had a setup similar to the one below then the organic layer will float on top of the aqueous since most non-halogenated organic solvents have a density of less than 1.

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the functional group is found in amino acids

In the amino acids, we can get amines, carboxylic acid groups, and the carbon chain

Looking at the options, we can see that the amine group is the right option here as the other two are not available

Step 1

Density is defined as:

D = mass of the platinum brick/volume of the platinum brick

D = m/V

------------------

Step 2

Information provided:

D = 21.45 g/mL

V = 150.0 mL

m = unknown

Price per grams of Pt = 31.86 $/g of Pt

Symbol for platinum = Pt (please, look at the periodic table)

-----------------

Step 3

How much should the brick weigh if it’s is really platinum?

From D = m/V

=> D x V = m

=> 21.45 g/mL x 150.0 mL = 3218 g approx.

------

And how much money?

3218 g of Pt x 31.86 $/g of Pt = $99,660 approx.

Answer:

3218 g

$99,660

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to draw the lewis structure of HCP

We have the participating compound as, hydrogen with 1 valence electron, carbon with 4 valence electrons and phosphorus with 5 valence electrons

We would have three bonds between the carbon and the phosphorus, then we have a bond between the hydrogen and the carbon

That would leave a pair of non-bonding electrons on the phosphorus

We have the diagram as follows:

Now, let us look at the options:

option A is wrong as the bond in a triple bond

option B is correct, there are no lone pairs on C

option C is correct as the C-H bond is a single bond

option D is correct as there is a pair of electron on the phosphorus atom

In order to find the pressure in this situation, we will be using the Ideal gas Law, which perfectly correlates these informations, the formula for this Law is:

PV = nRT

Where:

P = pressure, we want to find it

V = volume, 1.00 L

n = number of moles, we will also find it

R = is the gas constant, 0.082

T = 301 K

To find the number of moles, we need to use the mass provided in the question and also the molar mass of CO2, 44.01g/mol

44.01g = 1 mol

7.94g = x moles

x = 0.180 moles of CO2

Now we can use the ideal gas formula:

P * 1.00 = 0.180 * 0.082 * 301

P = 4.44 atm

The final pressure of a sample of gas held in a container with a volume of 6.02 L and a temperature of 59.5℃ is 0.26atm.

The pressure of a given gas can be calculated using Boyle's law equation as follows:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Where;

According to this question, a given sample of gas is held in a container with the volume of 6.02 L with a temperature of 59.5℃ at a pressure of 1.20 atm. The final pressure can be calculated as follows;

At STP;

1.2 × 6.02/332.5 = P × 22.4/273

0.0217 = 0.082P

P = 0.26atm

Therefore, 0.26atm is the final pressure of the gas.

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In order to find limiting and excess reactants, we need to first, set up the equation, and it must be properly balanced:

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 H2O + 6 CO2

1 gram of C6H12O6

1 gram of O2

From the balanced equation, we see that the molar ratio between C6H12O6 and O2 is 1:6, this means that 1 mol of C6H12O6 will react with 6 times the number of moles of O2

Now let's find the number of moles of C6H12O6, the molar mass is 180.16g/mol

180.16 g = 1 mol

1 g = x moles

x = 0.005 moles of C6H12O6, now we will need this number of moles times 6 in order to proceed with the reaction

1 C6H12O6 = 6 O2

0.005 C6H12O6 = x O2

x = 0.03 moles of O2

And this amount of moles with the molar mass of O2, which is 32g/mol

32 g = 1 mol

x grams = 0.03 moles

x = 0.96 grams of O2 in 0.03 moles

Since we have more oxygen than what we actually need, Oxygen is in excess and C6H12O6 is the limiting reactant

Nuclear fission causes a neutron to split the isotope U-235 when it collides with its nucleus. When a slow neutron interacts with a heavy nuclide like 235U, nuclear fission can occur (0.025 eV).

When a slow neutron interacts with a heavy nuclide like 235U, nuclear fission can occur (0.025 eV). If a fission (or splitting apart) occurs, the nuclear material splits into two (on average) about equal fragments that travel away with kinetic energy, producing heat.

Nuclear fission causes a neutron to split the isotope U-235 when it collides with its nucleus. Two or three additional neutrons as well as fission products are released during this fission process. The chain reaction is continued by some of the emitted neutrons. There is significant energy released in every fission reaction.

When a uranium atom divides, additional neutrons are also released. The process keeps repeating again as these neutrons keep crashing into more uranium atoms. This process is called a nuclear chain reaction. This reaction is controlled in nuclear power plant reactors to produce a desired amount of heat.

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According to the given statement Mass of one atom of gold in grams is 196.78 g.

A chemical element is uniquely defined by its atoms, that are small bits of substance. An atom is made up of a core nucleus one and or more negatively charged electrons that orbit it. The positively charged, relatively hefty protons and neutrons that make it up the nucleus may be present.

Up until the 1800s, this idea of tiny, indivisible pieces of matter remained. The contemporary atomic idea was really started by the eminent chemist John Dalton (1766–1844). But his atom was like a rock-solid ball.

Molar mass is the weight in grams of one mole of an atom.

1 mole = 6.022×10²³ atoms

Molar mass of Gold (Au)

= mass of an atom × number of atoms

=3.207×10-²²×6.022×10²³

=196.78g.

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Heating to constant mass is done to retain the constant mass of the sample so that its weight remains the same and does not affect the reading throughout the experiment.

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Answer:

9.35 × 10⁵

Explanation:

6.50x10⁴=6500

8.70×10⁵=870000

65000+ 870000= 935000=9.35 ×10 ⁵

1) Covalent bond polarity.

To determine the polarity, we use a property called electronegativity. This is a tendency to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond. If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7, the bond is polar. If the difference is less than 1.7, the bond is nonpolar.

The frequency of the light that has a wavelength of 16.23 × 10⁻⁹ meter would be 1.84  × 10¹⁶ Hz , as the frequency and the wavelength are inversely proportional to each other.

It can be understood in terms of the distance between any two similar successive points across any wave for example wavelength can be calculated by measuring the distance between any two successive crests.

C = λν

As given in the problem we have to calculate the frequency of the light if the wavelength of light is 16.23 × 10⁻⁹ meter.

The frequency of the light = 3 × 10⁸ / 16.23 × 10⁻⁹

                                            = 1.84  × 10¹⁶ Hz

Thus, the frequency of the light would be  1.84  × 10¹⁶ Hz.

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Answer:

2.04×10^25

Explanation:

multiply with 10^9

Solubility of a substance changes as the pressure changes. If the pressure is high, solubility increases. When pressure is low, solubility decreases.

At 1 atm the solubility of Nitrogen in water is 23.5 mg gas/110g water.

The solution is submerged 40 m under water. Solubility increase.

The solution is carried to the top of a mountain. Solubility decrease.

The solution is placed in a chamber where the pressure is 0.50 atm. Solubility decrease.

The solution is brought into outer space. Solubility decrease.

The solution is canned at a pressure of 2.04 atm. Solubility increase.