In a cardiac autorhythmic cell, calcium ([tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex]) ion is responsible for the increase in membrane potential from threshold during an action potential.
A pacemaker potential is produced when an autorhythmic cell depolarizes spontaneously, which is a special skill. Once the threshold is achieved, an action potential is set off, starting with more depolarization and ending with the membrane potential being reversed.
A transient voltage change (membrane potential) across the cell membrane of heart cells is known as the cardiac action potential. Ion channels, which are proteins, are responsible for the passage of charged atoms (known as ions) between the interior and outside of the cell.
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I will mark brainliest: Why is important to reduce methane gas in the atmosphere?
the fastest opportunity we have to immediately slow the rate of global warming
Answer:
It slows global warming
Explanation: I took the test.
when experimenting with the growth of a plant, a scientist uses three of the same species of plant, two different fertilizers, equal light, and equal water. the scientist performs their experiment for a total of 3 weeks and measures the total height of each plant. in this experiment which would be considered the independent variable?
Plant growth is a dependent variable that is measured. Type of fertiliser is independent (variable).
Because they typically examine the impact of fertiliser, water, and sunlight, this scenario is under control. The latter two ideas offer an explanation for the second portion of the query.
2. It is not a direct thesis and cannot be regarded as a theory because it is frequently backed by hypotheses.
3. By looking at the graph and noting that it depicts the plant expanding, you can determine that the y-axis is measuring the plant's growth
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Answer:
Explanation:
A dependent variable that is measured is plant growth and the independent variable is the fertilizer type.
This situation is under control because they normally look at how fertilizer, water, and sunlight affect things.
The last two hypotheses provide a justification for the second part of the question.
Because it is frequently supported by hypotheses, it cannot be regarded as a theory and is not a straightforward statement.
You can see that the y-axis is monitoring the plant's growth by glancing at the graph and observing that it shows the plant growing.
What factors are present in an experiment on plant growth?
Examples include the amount of water each plant receives, the type of soil the plants are growing in, and the air temperature.
You couldn't be certain that the outcomes happened as a result of the amount of sunlight each plant received if any of these factors changed during the experiment.
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genetic information of plants, animals, bacteria and many viruses is stored in deoxyribonucleic acid polymers (dna). the backbone of the polymer is a made up of the phosphorylated carbohydrate ribose with one less oh group on it. based on what you know about amino acid properties and the charge of phosphates at physiological ph what amino acids would be best at binding dna? group of answer choices positively charged ones like k and r negatively charged ones like d and e uncharged polar ones like t and c nonpolar ones like a and g
Amino acids best at binding DNA are positively charged ones like k and r as DNA is negatively charged which will bind more effectively with positively charged amino acids.
Amino acids are natural compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic corrosive useful bunches.
Even though hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by distance, the foremost critical are the alpha-amino acids, which include proteins. As it were 22 alpha amino acids show up within the hereditary code.
Lysine and arginine are essential amino acids since their side chain bunch contains a full positive charge at the physiological ph. Histidine is additionally considered essential, but it can have a positive or an impartial charge on its side chain gathered at the physiological ph.
Among the 20 common amino acids, five have a side chain that can be charged. At pH=7, two are negatively charged: aspartic corrosive (Asp, D) and glutamic corrosive, and three are positively charged: lysine, arginine, and histidine (His, H) (fundamental side chains).
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you perform an experiment like that performed by fraenkel-conrat and singer on tmv. however, in the first step when the viruses are reconstituted, you decide to add rnase to your hr rna and wild-type proteins. what will be the content of the newly made viral proteins after the reconstituted virus is placed on leaves?
The protein will contain histidine and methionine will be the content of the newly made viral proteins after the reconstituted virus is placed on leaves.
What does protein do in the body?Protein is present in every human cell. The amino acid chain makes up the basic building block of proteins. In order for the body to repair damaged cells and create new ones, you require protein in your food. Children, teenagers, and expectant women all need proteins for healthy development and growth.
Can you live without protein?However, since we cannot store protein, we can only go up to 70 days without any protein. Protein is indeed the sole nutrient that we must consume consistently in order to flourish since we can't produce this from scratch and we can't store extra.
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the heart provides hydrostatic pressure which enables small molecules dissolved in water to passively flow through the capillary walls into surrounding tissues, leaving larger proteins and cells in the bloodstream. this transport mechanism is known as .
Small molecules dissolved in water to passively flow through the capillary walls into surrounding tissues, leaving larger proteins and cells in the bloodstream. this transport mechanism is known as Capillary Exchange.
Capillary exchange is the term used to describe the transfer of materials from the blood into the capillary's tissues. The amount of fluid that enters or exits the capillary is determined by the net filtration pressure, which is calculated as the total of the four pressures mentioned above. Blood hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid oncotic pressure both favor blood stream flow into the interstitium. For his second studio album, "," English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran recorded the song "Bloodstream" (2014). Members of Snow Patrol, Rudimental, and Ed Sheeran wrote "Bloodstream," which was produced by Rick Rubin at Shangri-La in Malibu, California. [1] Sheeran is described in the song as consuming MDMA while partying at a wedding in Ibiza.
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normally, crossing over occurs between homologous regions of homologous chromosomes. sometimes mistakes happen, and crossing over occurs between non homologous regions of homologous chromosomes, resulting in duplications and deletions. what characteristic of a chromosome would make non homologous recombination more likely?
The characteristic of a chromosome would make non homologous recombination more likely to be nonhomologous regions of homologous chromosomes.
Biology uses the term "single nucleotide polymorphism" (SNP) to describe a single base pair variation that is prevalent in the population. A mutation is defined as any change in the DNA sequence. In more detail, a polymorphism is any genomic region where at least two distinct sequences are discovered, with each sequence present in at least 1% of the population. The word "polymorphism" is frequently used to describe a normal variation or one that doesn't directly cause sickness. Additionally, the threshold of at least 1% prevalence for a variation to be categorized as a polymorphism is somewhat arbitrary; if the frequency is lower than this, the allele is often recognized as a mutation.
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a phagehunter plates 4000 phage particles onto a pyca plate with gordonia terrae. the burst size of the phage is 50 phage particles per round of replication. after one round of replication, how many phage particles are present on this plate?
The number of phage particles present on this plate is 50 Million phages.
When a plague started with one phage, after 1st round of replication it will produce 10 virus particles. After another round, each of the 10 viruses will produce 10 virus particles each, totaling 100 particles. And then after 3rd round, each of the 100 phages will produce 10 each = 1000 phages. So, (10)^3
Initially, 400 phages are present, and the burst size is 50., After 3 rounds, the number of phages will be = 400× (50)^3
= 50 Million phages.
DNA replication is the procedure via which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to provide identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential method because, each time a mobile divides, the two new daughter cells must comprise the same genetic information, or DNA, as the discern cell.
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individuals of a fish species living in a river have varying oxygen level requirements. a nearby factory accidentally releases pollutants into the river, causing oxygen levels in the water to decrease. within a few generations, the percentage of fish with lower oxygen requirements has increased in the river. conversely, the percentage of fish with higher oxygen requirements has decreased. what form of selection has taken place in this population?
Individuals of a fish species living in a river have varying oxygen level requirements,causing oxygen levels in the water to decrease, directional selection has taken place in this population.
In a population, directional selection occurs when individuals with features on one side of the mean survive longer or reproduce more frequently than those on the other. Natural selection known as directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is selectively favored. In other words, those who possess this feature have a higher chance of having children. The chemical element with the atomic number 8 and symbol O is oxygen in this sort of selection. The extremely reactive oxygen, which belongs to the chalcogen group in the periodic table, is also necessary for surgery and trauma. Infants, the elderly, and pregnant women are vulnerable populations who require oxygen on a daily basis.
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ASAP Summarize the lytic cycle.(1 point)
Responses
A virus copies its genetic material and then splits its cell membranes in half to form identical viruses.
A virus injects its genetic material into the host cell, copies itself, and then forms new viruses that burst out of the host cell.
A virus lays eggs on the host cell’s protein coat, which then hatch and move on to infect other cells.
The viral DNA incorporates itself with the host cell and replicates whenever the host cell replicates itself.
Answer:
A virus injects its genetic material into the host cell, copies itself, and then forms new viruses that burst out of the host cell.
Explanation:
There are two cycles of viral replication.
1. Lytic
2. Lysogenic
The lytic cycle involves the destruction of the cell to release viral particles.
The lysogenic cycle incorporates the DNA into the host's genome and the DNA is replicated when the cell replicates. This cycle can turn into the lytic cycle in a process called induction.
a close look at almost any terrestrial community or ecosystem reveals that it consists of an ever-changing mosaic of patches of vegetation in different stages of .
Which of the following is not supported by the endosymbiotic theory?
Answer:
which ones? Where’s the picture?
Explanation:
which of the following statements is false? in its interaction with hemoglobin, oxygen is: i. reversibly bound. ii. a prosthetic group. iii. bound at the 6th coordination position of the fe(ii) ion in the heme. iv. homoallosteric effector. v. a ligand.
The statement "In its interaction with hemoglobin, oxygen is a prosthetic group." (i) is false.
Hemoglobin heme groups can contain four oxygen molecules because each iron atom has the potential to bond to one oxygen molecule. Hemoglobin can transport a maximum of four oxygen molecules because to the capacity of the iron atom in each heme group to attach one oxygen molecule.
Some proteins require a special non-protein component known as a prosthetic group in order to function. It is strongly bound to proteins. An organic lipid, vitamin, sugar, or an inorganic metal ion are examples of natural forms that a prosthetic group can take.
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______ is a specialized type of cell division that produces cells that are genetically different from each other.
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that produces cells that are genetically different from each other.
Cell division is the process through which all cells are created from other cells. Meiosis is a specific type of cell division that generates reproductive cells like sperm and egg cells as well as plant and fungus spores. A "parent" cell generally divides into two or more "daughter" cells during this process. The parent cell can transmit its genetic material in this manner from generation to generation.
Meiosis is a specific type of cell division that takes place in sexually reproducing organisms. It generates reproductive cells like sperm, egg, and spores in plants and fungi, as was previously indicated. In humans, germ cells go through a process called meiosis to develop into sperm or eggs.
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where does pre-mrna splicing occur in a eukaryotic cell? question 7 options: in the nucleus in the golgi apparatus in the rough er in the cytoplasm in the lysosome
Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in nucleus in a eukaryotic cell.
What is RNA splicing?
RNA splicing is the process in molecular biology that converts a newly produced precursor messenger RNA transcript into a mature messenger RNA. To make it work, exons must be re-joined after all introns have been deleted.
the method by which exons (i.e., coding sections) are linked together to form mature messenger RNA while introns, the non-coding portions of genes, are removed from the primary messenger RNA transcript. The latter acts as a model for the creation of a particular protein.
Transcription and RNA (which involves splicing) of the newly synthesized mRNA takes place in the nucleus thereafter mature mRNA transcript is transported to the cytoplasm for translation.
Hence the correct answer is the nucleus.
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the discomfort associated with irritable bowel syndrome can be alleviated with low doses of the class of antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft (the space between adjacent neurons). serotonin is a relatively small polar neurotransmitter used to transmit nerve impulses in the nerve tissue in the gut and central nervous system. serotonin is transported back into the releasing neuron up its concentration gradient and down a sodium gradient. how might an antidepressant block serotonin reuptake by the releasing neuron?
It could block active transport of serotonin back into the cell by blocking a serotonin-sodium symporter.
The gastrointestinal system, usually known as the stomach and intestines, are affected by the illness known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Constipation, diarrhea, and stomach discomfort are all possible symptoms. There may also be cramping.
IBS is a chronic ailment that requires long-term management. The abdominal discomfort of patients who took antidepressants for their IBS symptoms significantly improved, and other IBS symptoms including diarrhea, constipation, bloating, nausea, or urgency decreased as well.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may both lessen general IBS symptoms. Approximately 55% of patients on TCAs or SSRIs will benefit, as opposed to 35% of patients taking a placebo.
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Please help me with this
The contaminated water is the source of disease as well as pollution for the people and specially it is disease causing agent for the people and other organisms.
What is groundwater?Groundwater has been defined as the water present in the underground water just below the soil as well as in the crack of the earth. The percentage of the freshwater in the world has been 30%. There are mainly three types of the groundwater and these are hand-dug wells, springs, and drilled boreholes.
The water which has been stored under the ground are obtained from rain and stored in ground so that it can be used later. Ground water has been very clean and fit for drinking and the reason is the soil present on top and work as filter and the groundwater is free from all microorganisms.
Therefore, The contaminated water is the source of disease as well as pollution for the people and specially it is disease causing agent for the people and other organisms.
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Explain why chlorophyll might be limiting factor for some plants...
Answer:
Since photosynthesis cannot begin without light, it is the first limiting factor.
how do shoebills respond to changes in external temperature when it's too cold
The adaptation of shoebills responds to changes in external temperature when it's too cold in their environment.
What changes occur to Shoebills in cold?Shoebills have adapted long toes with no webbing which helps them to balance on the swampy vegetation while stalking prey. There are few predators of shoebill storks. Young and eggs may be taken by nest predators but shoebill storks can defend their young and build nests in areas unreachable to many predators. Shoebills eat big fish such as lungfish and catfish This bird eats crocodiles and they hunt like bosses of the swamp. The Shoebill will stand there motionless like a statue. Some birds fluff up their feathers and open up their wings to catch a breeze that helping them cool.
So we can conclude that If the temperature is very cold then the Shoebill can't go outside.
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What is the function of the cell membrane of this bacterium
A. To produce ADP
B. To form the only protective layer preventing damage from outside
C. To control entry and exit of substance
D. To synthesize proteins
C. To control entry and exit of substance
Answer: C. To control entry and exit of substance
Explanation: The whole purpose of a cell is tk regulate the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell so i presume c is the answer. You said "this baterium" so i asume that a picture was supposed to be sent with the question, to be safe i suggest you send the picture so we can make sure you get the correct answer.
Moving very large molecules out of the cell using a vesicle from the cell membrane is known as?
Answer: exocytosis
Explanation:
- When molecules are too large or too charged to cross the plasma membrane by diffusion or osmosis, they use vesicular transport, also known as exocytosis. In vesicular transport/exocytosis, vesicles allow large molecules to exit the cell because the vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and its contents spill out.
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At that time its sensible heat released over the time period it means that it releases heat from any degree Celsius up to zero degree Celsius.
It happens because heat is released from water to surrounding by the help freezer or refrigerator.
When latent heat is released than phase change will take place. It means that when water reaches at zero degree Celsius than latent heat will released than water become ice at zero degree Celsius.
The word associated with the phenomenon is phase change.
What is freezing process?Freezing has been the process in which the phase change or state change takes place and it means that a process in which a liquid change into solid.
Freezing process can be achieved by the extraction of heat i.e or removing latent heat, latent heat, energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in its physical state (phase) that occurs without change in temperature.
Therefore, At that time its sensible heat released over the time period it means that it releases heat from any degree Celsius up to zero degree Celsius.
It happens because heat is released from water to surrounding by the help freezer or refrigerator.
When latent heat is released than phase change will take place. It means that when water reaches at zero degree Celsius than latent heat will released than water become ice at zero degree Celsius.
The word associated with the phenomenon is phase change.
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Which of the following is an input to the light dependent reaction?
O Oxygen
OPyruvic acid
Water
Glucose
Answer: A class hypothesized that water pollution affects the growth of ... These reactions take the light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical.
66 pages
Explanation:
JESUS SAVES EVERYONE JUST PRAY, HE IS ALWAYS LISTINING !
How would the structure of nucleotides in a dna molecule affect the structure of amino acids in a protein
DNA determines which amino acids make a protein by the combination of three nucleotides. Each set of three nucleotides is called a codon and each codon corresponds to a particular amino acid, although an amino acid can be coded by multiple codons because there are only 22 aminoacids.
This is known as the genetic code:
Proteins function best under specific pH and temperature. This is called their optimal. Which of the following are NOT true statements? Select all that apply.
Responses
Proteins all have the same function because they have the same structure.
Proteins have different function but are all the same structure.
Proteins have different structures that lead to different functions.
Proteins can change their structures to fit the desired functions.
Answer: The first two are wrong. The unique chain/sequence of amino acid monomers that form a polypeptide monomer are what fold the protein into its UNIQUE shape. Proteins can be modified in the golgi apparatus to best suit their function.
(a level answer)
When heart muscles cells are deprived of oxygen, the heart still pumps for some time. What must the heart cells be able to do?.
Answer:
derive sufficient energy from fermentation
When heart muscle cells are deprived of oxygen, they can still continue pumping for a short period due to their ability to generate energy through anaerobic metabolism.
The heart cellsHeart muscle cells have the capacity to produce energy through anaerobic metabolism, which allows them to continue pumping for a brief amount of time when oxygen is not present. A limited quantity of energy is produced via anaerobic metabolism, a process that takes place without oxygen and supports temporary cellular processes.
Heart muscle cells predominantly utilise oxygen during aerobic metabolism (when oxygen is present) to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main source of energy for cells. Aerobic metabolism, however, cannot be maintained when the oxygen supply is insufficient, such as when a coronary artery suddenly blocks, resulting in a heart attack.
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Frankie was selected as the commencement speaker for this year’s graduation and experiencing imposter syndrome. To help overcome their imposter syndrome, frankie begins to engage in positive self-talk. Before frankie practices the speech, they now say that they are an amazing speaker and have a lot of great ideas to share. What practice is frankie engaging to overcome imposter syndrome?.
Impostor syndrome is a psychological condition in which a person feels like a fraud and that they are not as skilled as other people think they are.
What is imposter syndrome?Imposter syndrome, to put it simply, is the sensation of being a fraud in some aspect of your life, notwithstanding any success you may have had there.
There is no recognized medical diagnosis for imposter syndrome. Instead, the phrase is most often used to refer specifically to achievement and intelligence, while it also has associations with social environment and perfectionism. In the 1970s, psychologists Suzanna Imes and Pauline Rose Clance coined this phrase.
Therefore, Impostor syndrome is a psychological condition in which a person feels like a fraud and that they are not as skilled as other people think they are.
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botox is a medical application using the toxin produced by clostridium botulinum to choose one: a. kill pathogenic microbes in the gut. b. relax muscle spasms. c. prevent recurrent infections. d. kill pathogenic microbes in the central nervous system.
Botox is a medical application using the toxin produced by clostridium botulinum to (b) relax muscle spasms.
Botulinum toxin, one of the most dangerous biological toxins, is a neurotoxin created by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum produces eight exotoxins with unique antigens (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G).
All serotypes inhibit acetylcholine, the major neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction, compromising with neuronal transmission and crippling limbs. Botulinum poisoning The typical duration of an injection-induced weakness is three months. The Clostridium botulinum toxin, which has paralytic properties, can be utilized to treat wrinkles and reduce muscle spasms.
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learning is a result of changes in the strengths of synapses. which of the following is an example of something that would increase the strength of a synapse? group of answer choices increase in blood flow increase in the size of the action potentials increase in myelination increase in the number of receptors on the postsynaptic side of the synapse
One example of something that can increase the strength of a synapse is an increase in the number of receptors on the postsynaptic side of the synapse.
Explanation:
A synapse is a meeting point between the axon terminal of one neuron and another. Synapses are formed by swollen axon terminals. Inside the synaptic cytoplasm, there are synaptic vesicles. When the impulse reaches the end of the neuron, the vesicles move, then fuse with the pre-synaptic membrane and release acetylcholine. Acetylcholine diffuses through the synaptic cleft and attaches to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. The attachment of acetylcholine to the receptor triggers an impulse in the next nerve cell. The enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine whose job is done.
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researchers often want to isolate a certain type of rna. for some rna species, this can be accomplished via affinity chromatography, using beads coated with chains of poly-deoxythymidine (poly-dt). the desired rna will stick to the beads while unwanted rnas will flow through the column. the retained rna can then be eluted. what rna species can be purified using this method? researchers often want to isolate a certain type of rna. for some rna species, this can be accomplished via affinity chromatography, using beads coated with chains of poly-deoxythymidine (poly-dt). the desired rna will stick to the beads while unwanted rnas will flow through the column. the retained rna can then be eluted. what rna species can be purified using this method? eukaryotic mrna eukaryotic rrna bacterial mrna bacterial rrna
According to the given statement Eukaryotic mRNA species can be purified using this method.
The correct option is C.
What is an eukaryotic ?Any cell or organism that has a distinct nucleus is said to have been eukaryote. The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, which contains a well chromosomes (bodies holding the genetic material), is protected by a nuclear membrane.
What are eukaryotic cells made of?Eukaryotic cells can also have other organelles outside the nucleus, such as mitochondria, plastids, the endoplasmic, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Each of these organs carries out a distinct task that is essential to the survival of the cell.
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The complete question is -
Researchers often want to isolate a certain type of RNA. For some RNA species, this can be accomplished via affinity chromatography, using beads coated with chains of poly-deoxythymidine (poly-dT). The desired RNA will stick to the beads while unwanted RNAs will flow through the column. The retained RNA can then be eluted.
What RNA species can be purified using this method?
A. bacterial mRNA
B. bacterial rRNA
C. eukaryotic rRNA
D. eukaryotic mRNA
a single cell with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis 1. how many cells result at the end of meiosis 1? how many chromosomes exist in each cell? are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not?
At the end of meiosis I, there are two cells, each cell has seven chromosomes and the chromosomes in each cell are duplicated.
some features of meiotic division:
Meiosis I and Meiosis II are the two stages of nuclear and cellular division in which it occurs. However, DNA replication only occurs once.Recombination between homologous chromosome pairs is what it entails.At the end, four haploid daughter cells are produced.The diploid cell is transformed into a haploid one during Meiosis I, which separates the pair of homologous chromosomes. It is divided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase stages.
Prophase I: The first stage of meiosis I, and it is made up of five stages: diplotene, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, and diakinesis. homologous recombination occurs, which involves the exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes, and the crossover at chiasmata (singular: chiasma) between non-sister chromatids. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down at the conclusion of this stage.Metaphase I: Microtubules from opposite poles attach to the pairs of homologous chromosomes, and bivalents align at the equatorial plate.Anaphase I: The two bivalent chromosomes of each cell split and move to opposite ends of the cell. There is a connection between the sister chromatids.Telophase I: The nuclear membrane resurfaces, and cytokinesis follows. A pair of cells are formed as a result.Thus, Each daughter cell will have half of the original 7 Pair of homologous chromosomes i.e, 7 chromosomes which are duplicated.
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