The correct order of the steps of Calvin cycle are:
6. CO2 is attached to RuBP, a 5 carbon molecule.
1. The enzyme used in this step is called Rubisco and the resultant is an unstable 6 carbon molecule that instantly splits into two three carbon molecules known as 3-phosphoglycerate.
3. NADPH and ATP are used to in CO2 reduction where 3PG is reduced to form G3P.
2. ADP and NADP+ come back to the thylakoids to be converted back to ATP and NADPH by the light-dependent reactions.
5. ATP is used to combine the remaining G3P molecules to form RuBP molecules.
4. The cycle turns 6 times to form a glucose molecule.
Calvin cycle is an important part of the light-independent reaction. It is involved in the synthesis of glucose molecules.
Rubisco stands for Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. It is the most abundant enzyme present in the Earth.
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what characterizes all ecdysozoans? ecdysozoans practice suspension feeding. ecdysozoans reproduce clonally (asexually). ecdysozoans are sessile (don't move) in the adult stage. ecdysozoans grow by molting.
All ecdysozoans grow by molting. This characteristic applies to all ecdysozoans.
The epidermis then secretes a new exoskeleton, which is soft until the remnants of the old cuticle that was laying on top are shed during ecdysis. The fresh cuticle then grows and becomes harder. Only because ecdysozoans are adept at molting does this procedure in nature appear to be straightforward.
What are some features of ecdysozoans?
Ecdysozoans are most known for their cuticle, a thick yet flexible exoskeleton that shields these creatures from predators, water loss, and other elements of their environment. As they develop, every member of this superphylum molts or sheds its cuticle on occasion.
Therefore, All ecdysozoans grow by molting.
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results of cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation on genomic dna often reveal relatively small peaks of dna that separate from the main genomic dna peak and consist of 1,000s of short repetitive sequences referred to as
Results of cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation on genomic DNA often reveal relatively small peaks of DNA that separate from the main genomic DNA peak and consist of 1,000s of short repetitive sequences referred to as Satellite DNA.
What is the DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.
The DNA is supposedly made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts:
a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases.In conclusion, it is a fact that DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.
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Can someone please answer this? It's due by midnight.
Answer:
CHLOROPHYLL PHOTOSYNTHESIS LEAVES NO CLUE HERBIVORE GREEN CARBONDIOXIDE OXYGEN SIX SUGARExplanation:
Things appear green because they reflect the colour green.
Every molecule of glucose is produced with 6 oxygen molecules during photosynthesis.
6CO₂ + 6H₂O = C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
I would appreciate 5 star rating and thanks.
What type of transport does this diagram show?
The type of transport shown is diffusion, a form of passive transport.
What are the forms of transport in living organisms?In living organisms, the transport of molecules is essential for survival of the living organism.
Molecules are transported from where they are produced to where they are needed in the body. Also, waste products of metabolism need to be removed from the cells to the excretory organs.
The two types of transport in a living organism are:
active transport - requires the expense of energy such as in protein transporters.passive transport - does not require the expenditure of energy such as in diffusion.Learn more about passive transport at: https://brainly.com/question/17293052
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according to the triangle of plant life history strategies suggested by grime et al. (1979), what category of plant would you expect to exhibit fast growth and early maturation and to expend a large amount of energy producing seeds?
Triangle of plant life history strategies by grime et al. (1979), a garden weeds category of plants expect to exhibit fast growth and early maturation and to expend a large amount of energy producing seeds.
Plants that are growing in your garden against your wishes are known as garden weeds. Any plant species has the potential to become a weed, however some species are more frequent in New England gardens than others. And to say that it is common in some gardens would be an understatement. Weeds can provide essential ecosystem services like defending and repairing exposed or deteriorated soils. Additionally, some weeds act as habitat for beneficial creatures, which makes a substantial contribution to the natural and biological management of various insect pests. Some weeds can be used to make nourishing food or fodder. Weed seeds are abundant, come from many different places, and have the capacity to remain dormant in the soil for long periods of time before germination. Weeds release hundreds of seeds per plant while they are in active growth, dispersing them.
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tumor suppressor genes make up another group of genes that regulate cell division. genes from this group produce proteins that signal cells when they are getting too crowded, proteins whose function is to repair dna, and still other proteins that regulate apoptosis (pre-programmed cell death). a tumor suppressor gene called p53 causes apoptosis when the cell is worn out or when defects are detected. where in the cell cycle would a tumor suppressor gene repair dna?
In the cell cycle, tumor suppressor gene will repair DNA in G2 phase.
G2 (Gap 1 phase) is the transition phase between S phase and M phase, in G2 phase cell prepare itself from mitosis.
When DNA is damaged, signaling pathways are initiated that causes cell cycle arrest in G2 phase.
p53, which is frequently disabled in a wide range of human cancers, including brain tumors, leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, and carcinomas of numerous tissues, including the breast, colon, and lung. The most common target of genetic alterations in human malignancies is p53, which may be involved in up to 50% of all cancers. It is also intriguing that a rare hereditary cancer syndrome, in which affected individuals develop any one of a number of different kinds of cancer, is transmitted genetically through p53 mutations. Similar to Rb, the oncogene proteins of SV40, adenoviruses, and human papillomaviruses also target the p53 protein.
the product of the p53 gene controls both apoptosis and the progression of the cell cycle. DNA damage prompts the rapid induction of p53, which triggers transcription of the Cdk inhibitor p21.As a general inhibitor of Cdk/cyclin complexes and by binding to PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), the inhibitor p21 prevents the progression of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is likely stopped as a result, giving damaged DNA time to be fixed before it reproduces. This damage-induced cell cycle arrest is prevented by the loss of p53, which results in an increase in the frequency of mutations and general genome instability. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may also be altered as a result of this genetic instability, which is a characteristic of cancer cells.
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Approximately 90-95% of all cases of diabetes are classified as type 2. Type 2 diabetes is believed to be due to lifestyle factors and what?.
Even while not all people with type 2 diabetes are overweight, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are two of the most typical risk factors. About 90% to 95% of diabetes cases in the US are caused by these factors.
To assist your body retain and use the sugar from the food you consume, your pancreas, an organ located beneath your stomach, releases insulin when you're healthy. Diabetes can result from any one or more of the following:
You don't produce any insulin in your pancreas.Very little insulin is produced by your pancreas.Insulin doesn't work as well as it should in your body.People with type 2 diabetes produce insulin, unlike those with type 1 diabetes. However, the amount of insulin their pancreas produces is insufficient, or their body is unable to adequately identify and utilize it. (Medicines refer to this as insulin resistance.)
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which of the following traits was the most important in enabling the first plants to move onto land? rings of cellulose synthesizing complexes alternation of generations apical meristems development of sporopollenin to prevent desiccation of the zygote peroxisome enzymes that minimize losses from photorespiration
Development of sporopollenin to prevent desiccation of the zygote
What is cellulose?
The polysaccharide cellulose, an organic molecule with the formula n, is made up of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of D-glucose units that are covalently bonded. Green plants, numerous types of algae, and oomycetes all have basic cell walls that contain cellulose as an essential structural element.
A molecule called cellulose is made up of hundreds, and occasionally even thousands, of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Cellulose, the main substance in plant cell walls, keeps plants stiff and upright.
Ceralacell is not a protein, no. Proteins are made up of a number of amino acids connected together by a peptide linkage, whereas cellulose is a polysaccharide made up of a linear chain of many linked D-glucose units.
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ANSWER ASAP PLS
The concentration of water is greater outside the cell than inside the cell.
What will happen according to the process of osmosis?
O Water will be repelled away from the cell, keeping it dry.
O Water will surround the cell, keeping it moist.
O Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.
O Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrivel.
The concentration of water is greater outside the cell than inside the cell therefore water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrivel during osmosis.
What is Osmosis?This is referred to as the process in which solvent moves from a region of low concentration to that of a high concentration through a semi permeable membrane.
In this scenario, the water outside has a higher concentration than that on the inside which means that the water will move out of the cell as it has a high concentration and shrink which is therefore why option D was chosen as the correct choice.
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The accelerated growth and advances in taxonomy as a science occurred during:
the 1600's in England
the Renaissance
Roman culture
Greek culture
The accelerated growth and advances in taxonomy as a science occurred during B. the Renaissance
What is Taxonomy?This refers to the branch of science that has to do with the classification of plants and animals into a particular genus, or family based on shared characteristics and other biological factors.
Hence, we can see that during the Renaissance, the first breakthrough that occurred in the area of taxonomy came courtesy of the scientist Andreas Vesalius who wrote a treatise on the subject in the year 1543.
Also, the growing popularity of this topic led to the foundation of the first botanic garden in Padua, Italy.
Therefore, option B is the answer.
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The first major advance in taxonomy during the Renaissance was credited to the scientist Andreas Vesalius, who published a dissertation on the subject in 1543. Thus, option B is correct.
What contribution of Renaissance in science growth?The Renaissance saw the development of both the telescope and the microscope. This was brought on by advances in lens manufacturing.
With the introduction of the printing press and an increase in readers, these better lenses also aided in the creation of spectacles.
Therefore, the accelerated growth and advances in taxonomy as a science occurred during the Renaissance.
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plllssss help asap
A neutron strikes a plutonium-239 nucleus, starting a fission reaction. The products are a
strontium-96 nucleus, a barium-140 nucleus, and some neutrons. How many neutrons are in
the products of the reaction? (1 point)
O one
O four
O three
O two
Two neutrons are in the products of the reaction when a neutron strikes a plutonium-239 nucleus, starting a fission reaction.
What is fission reaction and how many neutrons are in the products of the reaction?Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei.Nuclear fission are the reactions in which the radioactive elements like uranium and thorium are used to generate power.When a neutron bombards into a larger atom, leading to excitement and splitting into smaller atoms.Hence when a neutron strikes a plutonium-239 nucleus, starting a fission reaction , the products are a strontium-96 and a barium-140.The number of neutrons released and are in the product of the reaction are two .To know more about fission reaction visit:
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In eukaryotes, the oxygen-requiring reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur in cellular organelles called.
In eukaryotes, the oxygen-requiring reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur in cellular organelles called mitochondria.
The mitochondria are the organelles that are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because the process of energy formation of the cell takes place in this organelle.
Energy is derived by a cell for its functioning through the process of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria. In this process, glucose and oxygen react in order to release energy in the form of ATP.
The process of glycolysis is the stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytosol and it does not require oxygen. The oxygen-requiring process i.e the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain occur in the mitochondria of a cell.
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How can local sensing be beneficial in your everyday life?
Local sensing can be beneficial in a person's everyday life as it is used in measuring the amount of ozone in the atmosphere using ground-based devices or detecting sea-surface temperature from an orbiting satellite.
What is local sensing about?In local sensing, even though some environmental measurements, like a backyard rain gauge, can be taken right at the source, this is not always practical. Many quantities or characteristics can only be measured remotely or can only be measured remotely with the greatest accuracy.
The Benefit of Local sensing are: Air pollution is a well-known cause of health problems, such as trouble breathing and eye, nose, and throat irritation. local-sensing data can be used to support targeted warnings for the people who are most affected by poor air quality, such as asthmatics, but they can also help inform policy-makers in charge of regulating air pollutants.
In conclusion, local sensing data provide vital information needed to track and forecast meteorological and climatic change, detect and secure our borders, and monitor large-scale changes in land use.
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how can antisense rna inhibit translation? multiple choice an antisense rna makes a protein that inhibits translation. an antisense rna binds to a translation inhibitor protein and prevents translation. an antisense rna binds to a transcript and inhibits translation. an antisense rna forms a single stranded structure that inhibits translation.
Option b is correct. an antisense RNA binds to a translation inhibitor protein and prevents translation .
Most antisense RNAs in bacteria inhibit translation by competing with ribosomes for nascent mRNA translation initiation regions (TIRs). Through base pairing, antisense RNA is thought to inhibit translation or induce mRNA degradation. Many small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) have recently been discovered in E. coli (4-6). The vast majority of these RNA molecules work as antisense oligomers by base pairing with mRNAs. Antisense RNAs regulate gene expression at multiple levels, including replication, transcription, and translation. Furthermore, synthetic antisense RNAs have been shown to effectively regulate the expression of related genes in host cells.
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Q1.
Table 1 shows information about some food components in cow’s milk.
Table 1
Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for a typical adult Energy in kJ 1046 8700
Fat in g 8.4 70.0
Salt in g 0.5 6.0
Calcium in mg 605 1000
Vitamin B-12 in μg 4.5 2.4
(a) How much more milk would a typical adult have to drink to get their RDA for calcium compared with the amount of milk needed to get their RDA for vitamin B-12?
Please show workings
A typical adult would have to drink 566.6 cm³ more milk to get their RDA for calcium compared with the amount of milk needed to get their RDA for vitamin B-12
What volume of milk is needed to meet the Recommended Daily Allowance for Calcium and Vitamin B-12?The volume of milk needed to meet the Recommended Daily Allowance for Calcium and Vitamin B-12 is calculated as follows:
RDA for calcium = 1000 mg
500 cm³ of milk contains 600 mg
Volume of milk required for RDA calcium = 1000 * 500 / 600
Volume of milk required for RDA calcium = 833.3 cm³
RDA for Vitamin B-12 = 2.4 µg
500 cm³ of milk contains 4.5 µg
Volume of milk required for RDA Vitamin B-12 = 2.4 * 500 / 4.5
Volume of milk required for RDA Vitamin B-12 = 266.7 cm³
Difference between the Volume of milk required for RDA calcium and RDA Vitamin B-12 = 833.3 cm³ - 266.7 cm³ = 566.6 cm³
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+
=-
11
3. State two ways in which the nucleus of the gamete differs from the nucleus of the cheek cell
(2 marks)
1
Type your answer here
2 Type your answer here
Answer:
It should be both cells
The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coa is irreversible. Predict what would happen to fatty acids as a result of this.
The conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA is irreversible. The fatty Acids will not be converted into carbohydrates and the product of this reaction is exergonic.
Why is the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA irreversible?Pyruvate dehydrogenases are cellular energy metabolisms that link glycolysis and amino acids to lipogenesis and citric acids.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) yield an irreversible metabolic step because its under layer, pyruvate is anaplerotic or gluconeogenic, on the contrary acetyl-CoA is not.
This reaction is exergonic because of the formation citrate from Oxaloacetate and Acetyl CoA by citrate synthesis. This reaction releases a total of -31.4kJ/mol energy.
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The five types of cells found in the epidermis are stem cells, keratinocytes, tactile cells, dendritic cells, and?.
in muscle, what does the source of atp depend upon? multiple choice question. the duration of exercise the size of the muscle the location in the body the number of fast glycolytic fibers
In muscles, the source of ATP depends on the duration of exercise.
The duration of exercise is an important factor in determining the source from which ATP is derived in the muscles.
Initially, when there is enough supply of oxygen, the body will use the method of aerobic respiration for the production of ATP. By the aerobic method, carbohydrates, fats and proteins derived from the food can be used as an energy source.
When the time duration increases, the muscles will switch to anaerobic respiration as there will not be a shortage of oxygen. In this case, energy will be derived from glucose that we get from the breakdown of glycogen. Glycogen is the form in which energy is stored in the body.
Hence, the source of ATP will be dependent on the duration of exercise.
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Which of the following answer choices BEST supports the idea that most attempts by scientists to create new elements will fail?
The answer choice which best supports the idea that most attempts by scientists to create new chemical elements will fail is that: (D) scientists have to repeat their experiments an enormous number of times; if it works once it's seen as a success.
What is a chemical element?A chemical element can be defined as a pure substance that comprises atoms having the same atomic number (number of protons) in its nuclei and as such, it is the primary constituent of matter. Also, a common characteristics for all chemical elements found on the periodic table is mass and volume.
In Chemistry, some examples of a chemical element include the following:
Carbon (C)Oxygen (O)Argon (Ar)Sodium (Na)Potassium (K)Mercury (Hg) Hydrogen (H)Zinc (Zn)In this scenario, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that a statement which indicates that an attempt by scientists to create new chemical elements will fail is stating that "scientists have to repeat their experiments an enormous number of times; if it works once it's seen as a success." because an experiment to create new chemical elements must be tested and they all should have multiple successful results.
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Complete Question:
Which of the following answer choices BEST supports the idea that most attempts by scientists to create new elements will fail?
(A) Scientists have to create a target with a carefully chosen atom; this is a process that takes months.
(B) Scientists have to smash atoms together and get them to stick; a positive charge makes them repel each other.
(C) Scientists have to bombard particles with specific protons; specialized atoms combine with neutrons.
(D) Scientists have to repeat their experiments an enormous number of times; if it works once it's seen as a success
A cell uses oxygen to break down molecules, generating energy.
A. cellular respiration
B. glycolysis
C. photosynthesis
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The layer of the Earth
where all life exists is
called the
a. Mantle
b. Crust
c. Inner Core
d. Outer Core
Answer:
b. Crust
Explanation:
The correct Answer is b. crust
you take a summer vacation by the ocean in P.E.I. you love the ocean plants you see and you decided to bring some home for the fish tank. after a week or two, you notice that your plants are not thriving to live in your freshwater tank. use your knowledge you gained in this chapter to propose a reason for this
The reason that the plants are not thriving to live in your freshwater tank is due to slow growth, and lack of adequate lighting and carbon dioxide.
How to illustrate the informationFrom the information illustrated, during the summer vacation, the person saw the ocean plants and decided to bring some home for the fish tank. Plants require nutrients for the same reasons that animals do. They require them in order to germinate, grow, combat diseases and pests, and reproduce. Nutrients, like animals, are required in bigger, smaller, or trace amounts for the plant to be healthy.
Nitrogen is the growth ingredient responsible for green, leafy growth. Nitrogen, as a primary component of proteins, is found in every living cell. As a result, this nutrient is usually more responsible for stimulating plant growth than any other.
It was later noticed that after a week or two, the plants are not thriving to live in your freshwater tank. In this case, the important thing to do is to create a consistent light that will compensate for the cycle. The fact that the ocean water is salted and the nutrients gotten from the ocean is also another contributory factor to the changes noticed.
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more free energy is released during the krebs cycle than during glycolysis, but only 2 moles of atp is produced for each mole of glucose undergoing glycolysis. most of the remaining free energy that is produced during the krebs cycle is used to a) synthesize gtp. b) reduce nad and fad. c) release as heat. d) oxidize pyruvate.
The Krebs cycle releases more free energy than glycolysis does, although only two moles of ATP are created for every mole of glucose that is glycolysis. Reducing nad and fad uses the majority of the free energy that is still created during the Krebs cycle.
What is meant by the Krebs cycle?The second crucial stage of oxidative phosphorylation is the Krebs Cycle, often known as the citric acid cycle. The Krebs cycle converts the energy from the smaller, 3-carbon glucose molecules produced by glycolysis into electron carriers, which are then utilized in the electron transport chain to create ATP.
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs or citric acid cycle, is the main source of energy for cells and a crucial step in aerobic respiration. The cycle transforms the chemical energy of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide's reducing force (NADH).
Therefore, the correct answer is option b) reduce nad and fad.
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A container holds 100 atoms of an isotope. This isotope has a half-life of 1.5 months. How many atoms of the radioactive isotope will be in the container after 3 months
answer: 25 atoms
25 atoms of the radioactive isotope will be in the container after 3 months.
Half life is the amount of time over which the number of parent isotopes decreases by half. When Two containers hold the same radioactive isotope. The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the radioactive isotope to decay. The half-life of a specific radioactive isotope is constant.
The half-life of a reaction is the time required for the reactant concentration to decrease to one-half its initial value. The half-life of a first-order reaction is a constant that is related to the rate constant for the reaction: t1/2 = 0.693/k.
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23. List the layers of the Earth from most dense to least dense?
what's the layers of earth
pls help i don't understand it.
Answer: A = organelle
B = cell
C = organ
D = organ system
E = organism
Explanation: Starting from A and going to E each level makes up the other level. For example cells are made up of organelles and organs are made up of cells
n the lab, you are observing some plant roots and notice that in many of the root cells there are tree-like projections inside the cells. subsequent staining indicates that these structures are fungal in origin. what are these structures? what is their purpose? (select all that apply)
These tree-like projections are called Mycorrhizae. These are symbiotic associations between plants and fungi. Their major role is to amplify nutrient and water takeup by the host plant by utilizing a larger volume of soil than roots alone can do.
Mycorrhizae come in several forms, dependent upon both host plant and fungal taxonomy. The distribution of these forms in ecosystems is related to host plant distribution and climatic and soil conditions. The ability of mycorrhizae to improve host plant nutrient and water acquisition and to help in the defence of root pathogens and root grazing can alter the host plant's performance.
Mycorrhizae are being used in agriculture, forestry, and restoration to improve yields and overcome some of the pollutants associated with plantings on disturbed sites. The ability of mycorrhizal fungi to accumulate heavy metals makes them possible candidates for the restoration and remediation of polluted environments.
Mycorrhizae can be advantageous to crops grown in soils with low nutrient supply. Mycorrhizal associations can lead to increased nutrient concentrations in plant tissue, particularly nutrients (e.g., P and Zn) which are contigent on diffusion toward roots for uptake. Therefore, the management of mycorrhizae is becoming a potential method for crop nutrient management.
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alternative processing of an mrna primary transcript may result in: group of answer choices a shift in the ratio of mrna produced from two adjacent genes.
Alternative processing of an mRNA primary transcript may result in the formation mature mRNA
What is a primary transcript ?When an RNA transcript is first made in a eukaryotic cell, it is considered a pre-mRNA or primary transcript and must be processed into messenger RNA (mRNA).
The primary transcript is modified to form the mature mRNA. Primary RNA transcripts synthesized by RNA polymerase II (mRNA) are modified in the nucleus by three distinct reactions: addition of the 5' cap, addition of a poly-adenylic acid (poly-A) tail, and non-informative introns. Segment excision. During transcription of mRNA in eukaryotes, some sequences are excised from the primary transcript and the remaining sequences are joined. This processing of mRNA is called splicing. Alternative splicing of precursor mRNAs is an essential mechanism for increasing the complexity of gene expression and plays an important role in cell differentiation and organismal development.
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Put the following in order from simplest to most complex: nucleus, butterfly, heart, circulatory system, cardiac cell, cardiac tissue
Answer: Nucleus, Cardiac Cell, Cardiac Tissue, Heart, Circulatory System, Butterfly
Explanation:
This is the order from the smallest organism to the largest.
The Nucleus of a cell contains genetic material called DNA, making it the smallest and simplest object on this list. Next is a Cardiac cell that contains the Nucleus and several other organelles. Next is Cardiac tissue, made up of millions of cardiac cells. After is a Heart, made up of cardiac tissue. Following the heart is the Circulatory system; multiple organs with different functions make up an organ system. Last is a Butterfly, a complex organism containing multiple organ systems.
