The development of the universe would not be able to move or function if there had been no dark matter.
What is Universe?This is referred to as the space, energy and matter present in space and is also everything we can feel, touch or see. Examples of the constituents include stars, planet etc and they have their unique properties and functions.
Without the presence of the dark matter in the universe, there will be no formation of the larger versions of those galaxies and the universe won't be able to move or function thereby making it the correct choice.
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a microbiologist wants to estimate the concentration of a certain type of bacterium in a wastewater sample. she puts a 0.5 ml sample of the wastewater on a microscope slide and counts 39 bacteria. estimate the concentration of bacteria, per ml, in this wastewater. round your answer to the nearest whole number.
The estimated concentration of bacteria per mL in the wastewater if she puts a 0.5 ml sample of the wastewater on a microscope slide and counts 39 bacteria is 78 counts per mL.
The solution to this problem is as simple as 39/0.5 because if you have x amounts of y/2 overall, you will have x amounts in y. (just multiplying both sides by 2, no distributions involved). For a clearer understanding see the solution below:
Let X represent the number of bacteria observed in 0.5 mL.
Let A represent the true concentration in bacteria per mL.
The X ~ Poisson(0.5A)
The observed valus of X is 39.
The estimated concentration is {A} = 39 / 0.5 = 78
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Which wind belt occurs at about 5 degrees north and south of the equator?
Which wind belt starts at the horse latitudes and moves toward the poles?
Which winds are found primarily in the tropics?
The wind belt that has been occurs at about about 5 degrees north and south of the equator is known as doldrums.
The wind belt that has been starts at the horse latitudes and moves toward the poles is the prevailing westerlies.
The winds that has been found primarily in the tropics are trade winds.
Doldrums refer to the equitorial region of the Atlantic Ocean that has storms and unpredictable winds.
What is north pole and south pole?
The north pole has been known as the northernmost point which has been presented on earth, and on the other hand south pole has been known as the southernmost part or the point of the earth. The area present in between south pole and north pole has been said that it is extremely cold and the area present near the equator is extremely hot.
Therefore, The wind belt that has been occurs at about about 5 degrees north and south of the equator is known as doldrums.
The wind belt that has been starts at the horse latitudes and moves toward the poles is the prevailing westerlies.
The winds that has been found primarily in the tropics are trade winds.
Doldrums refer to the equitorial region of the Atlantic Ocean that has storms and unpredictable winds.
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Answer:
this the answer
Explanation:
Mendel first made sure that he had purebred dominant green pod plants and then he crossed them with yellow pod plants. What is the probability that the offspring are green? (5 pts)
Genotype: Phenotype:
Second, Mendel used the offspring from the first cross and allowed them to self pollinate. What is the probability that the resulting offspring are yellow? (5 pts)
Genotype: Phenotype:
(Create Punnett squares pls for both)
Using Punnett squares is useful to calculate genotypic and phenotypic probabilities among the progenies. Pods color is coded by a diallelic gene expressing complete dominance. 1) 100%. Genotype Gg. Phenotype Green. 2) 25% Genotype 25%GG + 50% Gg + 25%gg. Phenotypes 75% Green and 25% yellow.
What is a Punnett square?
The Punnett square is a graphic representation that shows the different types of gamete combinations according to the alleles involved in a cross.
Punnett square shows the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and their consequent phenotypes.
What is complete dominance?Complete dominance is the inheritance pattern in which the dominant allele completely masks the expression of the recessive allele, which becomes evident in heterozygous individuals.
In the exposed example, the gene coding for pods color is diallelic and expresses complete dominance,
Green is dominant over yellowG is the dominant allele that codes for greeng is the recessive allele that codes for yellow1st cross) purebred dominant with purebred recessive
Parentals) GG x gg
Gametes) G G g g
Punett square) G G
g Gg Gg
g Gg Gg
F1) 100% Gg green individuals
2nd cross) between heterozygous individuals
Parentals) Gg x Gg
Gametes) G g G g
Punett square) G g
G GG Gg
g Gg gg
F2) Genotype
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be GG
2/4 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be Gg
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be gg.
Phenotype
3/4 = 75% of the progeny is expected to be green-poded individuals
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be yellow-poded individuals
1) What is the probability that the offspring are green?
The F1 is composed of heterozygous individuals, Gg.
There are 100% probability that the offspring are green.
Genotype: GgPhenotype: Green2) What is the probability that the resulting offspring are yellow?
The F2 is composed of green (homozygous dominant GG and heterozygous Gg) and yellow (homozygous recessive gg) individuals.
There are 25% probability that the offspring are yellow.
Genotype: 25% GG + 50% Gg + 25% ggPhenotype: 75% Green + 25% yellowYou can learn more about punnett squares at
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a mutation during dna replication causes a g to be inserted after the first base of the codon for tryptophan. how will this affect the growing polypeptide chain?
From this point on, the reading frame will be moved to the left, and the incorrect amino acids will be inserted.
Three bases make up a codon, which determines which amino acid will be put into the polypeptide chain. A codon is a section of the genetic code that forms the basis for the insertion of amino acids. Three RNA or DNA nucleotides make up this compound.
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Answer:
Explanation:
During DNA replication, a mutation results in the insertion of a g after the first base of the tryptophan codon and from this point on, the reading frame will be moved to the left, and the incorrect amino acids will be inserted.
How does the mutation change the order of amino acids?
Although a mutation at specific places, such as conserved residues, might affect both the protein’s structure and function, it is not always the case that a mutation in the amino acid sequence would modify a protein’s structure.
What impact do mutations have on the outcomes of DNA replication?
A DNA sequence mutation is an alteration.
Before DNA replication, mutations can be transmitted to daughter DNA molecules and subsequent cells.
Only one daughter copy will have the mutation and the other won't if the mutation only affects one strand of the parent molecule.
Which sort of mutation is brought on by the removal or addition of one or two DNA bases?
The insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in amounts that are not multiples of three is referred to as a frameshift mutation in a gene.
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How is the atomic number of an atom determined?
answer: counting the number of protons in the nucleus
The atomic number of an atom determined by counting Number of Protons
Atomic number:
The Atomic number of an atom determined by Number of protons present in nucleus of the atom of the element. It is denoted by alphabet 'Z'. All atoms of a element will contains the same number of protons, and as well as other characteristics.
Atoms of different elements will have different types of atomic numbers. For example, the atomic number of all atoms of the Oxygen is 8, whereas the atomic number of all atoms of the Carbon is 6.
The atomic numbers of an atom are whole numbers as they are obtained by counting protons. The combination of Number of protons and nucleus gives the Mass number of Atom.
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What is responsible for giving the plasma membrane the ability to block most ions and polar compounds from crossing?.
How can a balanced reciprocal translocation that does not cause the person to have an abnormal phenotype cause that person’s offspring to have an abnormal phenotype?.
Chromosomes can balance the reciprocal translocation that does not cause the person to have an abnormal phenotype cause that person’s offspring to have an abnormal phenotype.
The chromosomes are positioned in a balanced reciprocal translocation so that neither more nor less chromosome material is obtained or lost during the operation. Unless they give birth to a kid, a person who has balanced translocation is frequently unaware that they are experiencing this kind of issue. A child may inherit an unbalanced translocation if one parent has a balanced translocation if this is the case. When chromosomal material is exchanged in an imbalanced translocation, genes that should be present are either added or removed. The parent does not always have to pass on balanced translocation to the child if they have it.
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What are the X and Y chromosomes
It is important too so many trials in an experiment to…
Scientists employ replicated experiments and repeated trials to test hypotheses to ensure that they consistently arrive at the same conclusion and that the initial result wasn't just a lucky guess. They must be certain that the response to their theory is always exactly the same.
The scientist is better able to comprehend the results of the test when the conditions of the experiment are under control. It's not always possible to control every aspect of a test, especially when the hypothesis is being proved for the first time. A hypothesis may be tested by making predictions about patterns that should emerge if the theory is true, especially if conducting a controlled experiment is impractical or impossible for ethical reasons. The scientist gathers information from as many patterns as they can reasonably test or push to be tested. The principle supporting the hypothesis becomes stronger the more experiments the scientist does.When conducting tests, independent and dependent variables are used. Independent and dependent variables are present in an experiment involving two groups, such as when plants are given water on one set and none on the other. Because it is not dependent on chance, the group that receives water in this example is the independent variable. The water is deliberately applied by the scientist. The response that is examined in an experiment to determine if the treatment had any effect is known as the dependent variable. It depends on the independent variable since the lack of water on the group of plants demonstrates whether the scientist's application alters the result.To know more about Trials please click here : https://brainly.com/question/4559559
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Dermal papillae are numerous in palmar and plantar skin but few in number in the skin of the face and abdomen. What do you think is the functional significance of this difference?.
Dermal papillae help strengthen the connection between the dermis and epidermis and help prevent friction-related damage in high-use areas.
Dermal papillae are found in the papillary layer of the dermis. Two layers make up the dermis, which is located underneath the epidermis' malpighian layer. The dermal papillae, which resemble finger-like projections and extend into the epidermis, are part of the papillary layer, a thin outer layer of alveolar connective tissue. Numerous nerve endings, lymphatic veins, blood vessels, and hair follicles may be found in the dermis. Mesenchymal cells make up the dermal papilla in the hair follicle, which is primarily responsible for controlling hair development. The key to in vitro hair follicle formation and regeneration is maintaining the dermal sheath cells' and DPCs' potential hair inductivity throughout cell culture.
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How can we differentiate so many different foods if we can only taste four flavors on our tongue: sweet, bitter, sour, and salty?
We can detect sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and savory tastes because of the presence of out taste buds. It has microvilli that are described to be very sensitive microscopic hairs. They are the one responsible for sending the message of taste to the brain so you will be able to know or differentiate the different taste of food. Each taste has a the presence of chamical substances that is stimulating the receptors on the taste buds. We are able to taste our food because of the sensory cells in our taste buds. We identify the flavor of our food by the odor that comes from our sense of smell because flavor includes taste and odor.
modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations. what is an example of this kind of adaptation in primates? group of answer choices short digits an expanded reliance on sense of smell a precision grip opposable thumbs
The example of arboreal adaptations which are characteristic to modern primates is: (4) opposable thumbs.
Arboreal adaptations are those that are present in animals that live on the trees. For example, many of the monkeys have great arm strength in order to swing on the trees. Camouflage is also an adaptation in some organisms, like chameleons. Such organisms also have greater balancing ability.
Opposable thumb is an adaptation where the thumb can be moved and rotated very easily and can also be placed behind the fingers of the same hand. This adaptation can be observed in animals like chimpanzees, orangutans, and other variants of apes; certain frogs, koalas, pandas, etc.
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a certain badger is heterozygous for two genes; he has sharp claws and bad breath. he mates with another badger that is homozygous for both genes, with sharp claws and minty-fresh breath. what are the chances that they have an offspring with sharp claws and minty-fresh breath? (assume simple, mendelian inheritance.)
The chances of offspring to have sharp claws and minty fresh breath is 50% since one parent has (Tt) and other has (TT) . The offsprings would be TT, Tt, TT, and Tt..
What is Mendelian inheritance?The term "Mendelian inheritance" refers to specific patterns that can be observed in the way characteristics are passed down from parents to children. In the 19th century, the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel conducted thousands of tests with pea plants in order to develop these broad patterns. He did this in order to determine the genetic makeup of pea plants.
Law of Dominance is one of Mendel's three proposed laws of inheritance, which also includes Law of Inheritance. The law that enforced segregation. The Principle of Independent Assortment is a Law.
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which aspect of phospholipids is most important to the formation of bilayers? they are amphipathic. their hydrocarbon tails can consist of fatty acids or isoprene subunits. the length of their hydrocarbon tails can be altered to modulate membrane fluidity. their polar heads can interact with water.
The aspect of phospholipids that is most important to the formation of bilayers is the amphipathic molecules.
What qualities do amphipathic compounds have?Hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions can both be found in amphipathic compounds. There is a sizable, lipophilic carbon molecule in the hydrocarbon portion of the compound. On the hydrophilic section with polar functional groups, there is a charge that may be cations, anions, or absent.
Why are detergent molecules amphipathic?Detergents, soaps, shampoos, and many other cleaning solutions can also transport away pollutants that are difficult to remove with just water because of the amphipathic molecules. Lye, a chemical, is used to process fatty materials, such as vegetable or animal oils, to create soap.
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What should scientists include when making a model to study a system?
Scientists include a model of a system that should include all of the relevant variables in the system, as well as the relationships between those variables. The model should be as simple as possible while still accurately representing the system.
Who is a scientist?
A scientist is someone who does scientific study to enhance knowledge in a particular field. Scientists are inspired to work in a variety of ways. Many people want to know why the world is the way it is and how it came to be.
Scientists aid in our understanding of the world. They observe the occurrences around us, collect data on what they observe, and evaluate that data to develop laws and rules governing how the world operates. Knowing the rules is essential if you want to play a game well.
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how is muscle contraction stimulated by calcium ions? i. calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bind to myosin, stimulating atpase activity. ii. calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bind to tropomyosin, stimulating its atpase activity. iii. calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bind to actin, promoting its binding to myosin. iv. calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bind to troponin c, promoting the binding of myosin to actin. v. none of the other options.
Further explanation:
Muscle contraction is a state which the muscle fiber becomes tense and may shorten.Calcium, which is stored at extremely low amounts in the sarcoplasm, is required for contraction. Calcium ions bind to troponin when they are present, creating conformational changes in troponin that allow tropomyosin to migrate away from the myosin binding sites on actin.to know more about muscle, go to:
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Which cells, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes, have a cell membrane, and which do not?
in humans, oculocutaneous (oca) albinism is a collection of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by an absence of the pigment melanin in skin, hair, and eyes. that is, normal pigmentation (a) is dominant over albinism (a). for this question, assume it is a single gene with two alleles. if both parents display the albino phenotype, what possible phenotypes may be observed in their offspring?
The albino phenotype is what possible phenotypes may be observed in their offspring that is aa only.
In all types of OCA and some types of OA, albinism is inherited in an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This means that the child must get two copies of the albinism-causing gene one from each parent. OCA is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease. Recessive disorders occur when individuals inherit an abnormal gene for the same trait from each parent.
Allele pairs of each gene stay together during gamete production. Albinism is passed from parent to child through genes. With most types of her OCA, both parents must carry the albinism gene for a child with albinism to be born. Both parents may have normal pigmentation but still, carry the gene. Genetic testing can be used to determine if the fetus has albinism.
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one way to clone an organism is to transfer the nucleus of a cell taken from animal a, place it into an egg from animal b whose nucleus has been removed, and then implant it into a surrogate mother, animal c. the cloned animal would be identical to
As the nucleus was taken from cell a, the animal would be identical to animal a.
The nucleus is the structure of a cell in which chromosomes are present. The chromosomes contain the genetic material called DNA. The genetic material is what makes all of the traits of an organism.
In the case above, the nucleus of a cell from animal A was taken. Hence, no matter in which egg you place it and implant the egg for surrogacy, the offspring born will be identical to animal A.
The nucleus of a cell represents the entire karyotype of that organism. Hence, the cloned animal produced in the above case will be identical to animal A.
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what is the purpose of corridors? multiple select question. to connect a natural habitat area to smaller habitats that are already protected to limit the range of species within a designated park to allow populations to expand into new breeding territory to effectively create a large reserve from several small ones
To connect a natural habitat area to smaller habitats
What is use of corridors?
A corridor is a type of hallway or gallery that often has a narrow width relative to its length and serves as a passageway connecting various architectural components. Entryways to rooms are frequently located along a corridor.
Common Corridor refers to a portion of the Infrastructure that was used by the End User for the Train Services for which Access Rights are being reclaimed and will also be used by the Train Services of the new Access Holder; Samples 1 through 3 are examples of common corridors.
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What is missing in an environment undergoing primary succession that would be present in an environment undergoing secondary succession?
The answer would be SOIL.
Primary succession refers to the ecological succession that occurs in a new land where life has not yet existed. It takes place after a lava flow cools and hardens into a new land, or when a glacier recedes and exposes new land. Because the land that results from these processes is totally new land, the soil must first be produced. On the other hand, secondary succession happens in a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed. The disturbance could be a fire, flood, or human action such as farming. Secondary succession is faster because the soil is already in place. In this case, the pioneer species are plants such as grasses, birch trees, and fireweed. Organic matter from the pioneer species improves the soil. This lets other plants move into the area.
Question 6 of 10
Which two statements describe examples of inferences used to draw
scientific conclusions?
A. A cheetah has a speed of 33 m per second over short distances
because the cheetah sprinted 330 m in 10 seconds.
B. T. rex must have been a carnivore because fossilized remains
show teeth well-suited to biting and crushing bones.
C. The population of black bears in a 100 km² area has increased
from 14 to 18 in the past year.
D. It will rain this afternoon because the satellite images show
increased cloud cover moving in this direction.
B , C statement of inferences used to draw scientific conclusions
What constitutes a valid scientific inference?For instance, when researchers identify the contents of a fossilized dinosaur dropping, they can extrapolate what the dinosaur consumed when it was still alive. They are drawing conclusions about the dinosaur's behavior based on evidence, not by seeing it feed.
Quizlet on "scientific inference"a claim that outlines what scientists anticipate happening consistently under a specific set of circumstances.
Which step in the scientific process involves drawing conclusions?Normally, after making an observation, you draw a logical conclusion about what you believe is happening or the link between two things. In the end, you'll develop a formalized hypothesis to test using the inference(s) you've drawn.
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In noncyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons passed down through the electron transport system are obtained from?.
In non cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons passed down through the electron transport chain are obtained from water.
Non-cyclic phosphorylation have two Photosystems;
1. photosystem I
2. Photosystem II.
They work in series, first PS II and then PS I and are connected through electron transport chain. Electrons moved from PS II and then passed on to PS I.
The release of electrons from PS II can be replaced by some other electrons which can be came by splitting of the water molecule. The complex responsible for splitting of water molecule is present on PS II. Water molecule is converted into H⁺ , O and electrons are released which can be move through electron transport chain.
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What is primary productivity?
A. the amount of sunlight that a plant receives
B. the rate at which organic matter is created by
producers
C. the amount of producers in a certain
ecosystem
Gross primary productivity is the total amount of organic matter that producers synthesize in the course of photosynthesis per unit of time and per unit of space (GPP).
In tropical regions, primary productivity is high and consistent throughout the year, but it is constrained by a cold temperature and a short growing season in temperate regions.
The tropics have the most sunlight, whilst the poles have the least. Due to this, net primary production (NPP) is highest in the tropics (>20 t ha 1 year) as opposed to the average (8 t ha 1 year) in temperate forests.
The synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide is referred to as primary production in ecology.
Water for which productivity is to be assessed is confined in sealed white and dark bottles. Primary productivity can be measured from the amount of oxygen utilized by a volume of water in a defined amount of time (bottle painted dark so light would not enter).
Primary production, the lowest trophic level, provides vital nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels and higher organisms because it is the lowest trophic level.
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What is the answer? Please help.
Answer: A is the answer. Note that there are different polypeptide structures.
Two mechanisms that affect the genetic diveristy of bacterial population
Horizontal gene transfer involves several mechanisms that can increase the genetic diversity of bacterial populations.
One of these mechanisms is bacterial conjugation in which a donor cell transfers genetic material to a recipient cell through a pili which function as a conduit.
Another mechanism of variability is through bacteriophages where genetic material is moved from one bacterium to another, this method is called transduction.
the value of psi in root tissue of a plant has been found to be 4.6 bars. if you place this root tissue in a 0.2m sucrose solution at 20 c in an open beaker. what is the psi of the solution? which direction will the net flow of water be?
Water potential is calculated using the formula = S + P. The relationship between osmotic potential and solute concentration is direct. The likelihood that water in a solution may undergo osmosis reduces as a solution's solute concentration rises.
What is the potential of water?Water potential is higher in pure water. Purified water's water potential has traditionally been set at zero. This implies that any solution's water potential will always be negative.
The value of base water potential begins to decline at a temperature increase of 5 to 20 °C, whereas base water potential begins to grow at a temperature increase of 20 to 40 °C.
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Organisms
What do that provide?
24. assume independent assortment and start with a plant that is dihybrid a/a;b/b: a. what phenotypic ratio is produced from selfing it? b. what genotypic ratio is produced from selfing it? c. what phenotypic ratio is produced from testcross- ing it? d. what genotypic ratio is produced from testcrossing it?
A. The phenotypic ratio is produced by selfing it:
9: A/_; B/_3: A/_; bb3: aa; B_1: aa; bbB. The genotypic ratio from selfing it:
1: Aa; Bb1: Aa; bb1: aa; Bb1: aa; bbC. The phenotypic ratio for a test cross is 1:1:1:1.
D. Test matings with heterozygous individuals should consistently yield a dominant-to-recessive phenotype ratio of approximately 1:1. Here the ratio of both genotype and phenotype is 50:50.
To estimate the genotype-phenotype relationship, calculate the number of Punnett squares for each allele aggregate. Therefore, in this example, we use one Punnett square box for RR and RR and two Punnett square boxes for Rr.
Calculating the Punnett rectangular ratio as 1:2:1 offers the genotypic ratio, giving the genotypic ratio. One obvious way to find out your genotype is to do a genetic test. Companies like 23andMe can do this fairly cheaply these days. But for this to work, scientists must understand the genetic differences that lead to traits.
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After four half-lives of decay, what is the ratio of radioactive parent isotope to stable daughter isotope?
answer: 1:15
1:15 is the ratio of radioactive parent isotope to stable daughter isotope,
after four half-lives of decay.
Let:
'A' be the initial concentration of the radioactive parent isotope'n' be the number of corresponding half-lives'A/2ⁿ ' be the final concentration of the radioactive parent isotopeUsing the Exponential Decay Relation:
A → A/2ⁿ ( after 'n' half-lives )
A⁴ → A/2⁴
A⁴ → A/16
∵The final concentration of the radioactive parent isotope is A/16.
∴The initial concentration of the stable daughter isotope will be 15A/16.
1:15 is the ratio of radioactive parent isotope to stable daughter isotope,
after four half-lives of decay.
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