A protein can spontaneously folds up into a complex tridimensional 3D shape by inducing polar domain groups to outside the molecule and hydrophobic domains the inside, which allows forming stable bonds with surrounding water molecules.
What is protein folding?Protein folding is the process for which a protein adopts its final 3D shape, which is fundamental for its function and to form chemical bonds with the surrounding aqueous environment. During folding, protein hydrophobic domains are generally located inside the molecule in order to avoid the repulsion of charges, while polar groups such as R-charged groups are located outside.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that protein folding is fundamental and polar domains are generally located outside the molecule.
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What happens during radioactive decay?
answer: Parent isotopes turn into daughter isotopes
Answer: I hope this helps. Let know if this right or wrong. Have a good day
Explanation:
When radioactive atoms decay, they release energy in the form of ionizing radiation (alpha particles, beta particles and/or gamma rays). The energy is called ionizing radiation because it has enough energy to knock tightly bound electrons from an atom's orbit. This causes the atom to become a charged ion.During radioactive decay, an unstable nucleus emits subatomic particles to attain stability. It may undergo transmutation to change to some other nucleus or may achieve a stable state by giving off energy in the form of photons. Radioactive decaya radioactive process in which a nucleus undergoes spontaneous transformation into one or more different nuclei and simultaneously emits radiation, loses electrons, or undergoes fission.
A student is performing a chemical analysis of xylem sap. This student should not expect to find much _____.
A student is performing a chemical analysis of xylem sap. This student should not expect to find much sugar.
The plants contain two vascular bundles which are referred to as the phloem vascular bundle and the xylem vascular bundle. The xylem and the phloem flow across a plant.
The phloem is the vascular bundle that is responsible for the transportation of food from the leaves to all other parts of the plant.
The xylem is the vascular bundle that is responsible for the transportation of water from the roots to all the parts of the plant.
Hence, the food 'sugar' will not be found in the xylem sap as it will contain water. Sugar will be found in the phloem.
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in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis water is split, releasing high energy particles that pass down a gradient to produce energy in the form of atp. what are these particles called? group of answer choices photons protons electrons
Answer:
photons
Explanation:
protons and electrons are part of chemisty in elements
when the membrane potential become more positive, changing for example from -70 mv to -50 mv, this is called . question 22 options: hyperpolarization nonpolarization depolarization repolarization
When the membrane potential becomes more positive, this is called depolarization.
When a stimulus reaches a resting neuron, depolarization happens. The gated sodium ion channels on the neuron's membrane suddenly open during the depolarization phase, allowing sodium ions (Na+) from outside the membrane to flood the cell.
What are the stages of nerve impulse transmission?
The action potential has three stages: depolarization, repolarization, and recovery. It moves swiftly down the neuron's axon as an electric current. At an electrical or chemical synapse, a nerve impulse is sent from one cell to another.
Therefore, when the membrane potential becomes more positive, this is called depolarization.
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which statement is true about dna replication? group of answer choices replication happens during mitosis four new molecules of dna are produced each new strand is identical to its parent strand dna replication produces two identical strands of dna
The statement that is true about DNA replication is each new strand is identical to its parent strand.
DNA replication can be described as a process by which a fragment of DNA uncoils, the two strand makes copies of themselves and coil again.
As a result of DNA replication, the two strands of the DNA form a new strand that is a copy of themselves.
As a result of DNA replication, two identical copies of the DNA are formed which can be used when forming new cells.
The process of DNA replication occurs in all kinds of living organisms. The process of DNA replication is a complex one that requires whole machinery of enzymes and proteins referred to as DNA replication machinery.
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Help please
Cells in both organisms exhibit all of the characteristics of life to maintain homeostasis .
Both are made of specialized cells .
Both organisms have the same number of cells.
Cells in both types of organisms can grow to any possible size .
Answer:
It's a has a nucleus (Eukaryotic) It relies on others for food (Heterotrophic) and has no cell wall. Can reproduce sexually and asexually.
arthropod exoskeletons and mollusk shells both . help to retain moisture in terrestrial environments. completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton found in annelids. are secreted by the mantle. are comprised of the polysaccharide molecule chitin.
The correct option is a. help retain moisture in terrestrial environments.
Both arthropods and mollusks have robust chitinous exoskeletons. High levels of calcium carbonate minerals also contribute to the mollusc exoskeleton's rigidity. Arthropods' exoskeletons do not develop along with the rest of the animal, in contrast to mollusk shells.
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g which of the following tissues is found in both the stem and the roots of a plant? meristematic tissue vascular tissue all of these tissues are found in both the stem and the roots. dermal tissue ground tissue
The tissues is found in both the stem and the roots of a plant is vascular tissue.
What is vascular tissue, and its function?In higher plants, vascular tissues are intricate conducting tissues made up of several cell and elemental kinds. Xylem and phloem are the two primary elements of plant vascular tissue. These tissues are in charge of moving water and nutrients throughout the plants.
The two primary tissue types that make up the vascular system are xylem and phloem. From the roots to the leaves, the xylem transports water and dissolved minerals up the stem of the plant. From the leaves to the roots, food is transported by phloem.
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Answer: Its all of them
Explanation:
3. can you think of any similarities between whales and the oil plumes where the oceanospirillales bacteria were found? (hint: why were whales once hunted in great numbers? what was their fat used for?) why might oceanospirillales bacteria be symbionts of osedax? 8pts
At 1,017 m or Osedax Monterey Bay sp. 3 "rosy" Osedax sp. MB3 and 381 m (Osedax Monterey Bay sp. 4 "yellow collar") depths, we looked into the genetic diversity of symbiotic bacteria associated with two newly discovered species of Osedax from Monterey Canyon, California.
Comparing adult Osedax frank press and juvenile Osedax frank press that had recently colonized whalebones implanted at 2,891 m allowed for the identification of differences in the compositions and abundances of the bacteria associated with the newly discovered host species through the use of quantitative PCR and clone libraries of 16S rRNA gene sequences.
Oceanospirillales symbionts connected to Gammaproteobacteria associated with the previously described O. frank press and Osedax rubiplumus were present in the newly discovered Osedax species.
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Which part of a cell is the fluid environment where molecules are broken down and new molecules made?
the writing says “in science, a few experiments are total failures”. what is meant by this statement
“There is no such thing as a failed experiment, because learning what doesn't work is a necessary step to learning what does.” - Jonas Salk. John Markels, Ph. D.
What are failed experiments?A failed experiment is one that was either poorly executed, poorly controlled, or simply failed due to technical reasons. If an experiment is well-controlled and carried out to the best of current knowledge, techniques, and research abilities, it is not considered a failure.Researchers claim that scientific findings are frequently not replicated. More than half of the studies fail to replicate, according to a massive effort to test the validity of 100 psychology experiments.Failure can take many forms, but the most important in science is the failure to observe an expected outcome. This is what scientists usually mean when they talk about a failed experiment.To learn more about : Scientific experiment.
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because alcohol binds to neurons that normally receive the neurotransmitter gaba, it is not surprising that alcohol: a. is a stimulant. b. relaxes people. c. makes people feel sad. d. makes people throw up.
It is not surprising that alcohol relaxes people. Thus, the correct option for this question is B. This is because it binds to neurons that normally receive the neurotransmitter GABA.
What are Neurotransmitters?Neurotransmitters may be characterized as the types of chemical substances that are released by the transmission of nerve impulses through the synapse. These chemical substances are present within the synaptic cleft.
Under the influence of these chemical substances, the post-synaptic surface becomes depolarised resulting in a nerve impulse in the post-synaptic neuron. The same action is influenced by the alcohol that relaxes people through the liberation of neurotransmitters known as GABA.
Therefore, it is not surprising that alcohol relaxes people. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.
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which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true? the cytoskeleton is produced by transport vesicles of the endomembrane system. chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would have little effect on a cell's response to external stimuli. although microtubules are common within a cell, actin filaments are rarely found outside of the nucleus. the cytoskeleton of eukaryotes is a static structure most resembling scaffolding used at construction sites. movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.
The answer is yes this is true, the dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large number of complex proteins into larger aggregates. There are three types of the cytoskeleton: actin filaments (microfilament), microtubules, and intermediate filaments.
What does cytoskeleton mean?All cells, including those of bacteria and archaea, have a complex, dynamic network of interconnecting protein filaments called the cytoskeleton. It stretches from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane in eukaryotes and is made up of identical proteins in different animals.The cytoplasmic protein filament and microtubule network that regulates cell shape, upholds intracellular structure, and participates in cell motility. Examples of Other Words from Cytoskeleton More information on the cytoskeleton.Contractile bundles (found in muscle cells), the MTOC, the nuclear lamina, and the intermediate filament-based 'cage' that forms around the nucleus from flexible cables at the cell surface to the core of the cell are a few examples of higher-order cytoskeleton structures.Hence, the above statement is true.
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how does a mass extinction event affect biodiversity on the earth? choose one: a. mass extinctions of minimal effect on the diversity of life. b. mass extinctions increase the diversity of life. c. mass extinctions decrease the diversity of life. d. mass extinctions have no effect on the diversity of life.
A mass extinction event affects biodiversity on the earth as during the time of extinction there is a rapid decrease in the diversity of life.
At a basic level, mass extinctions reduce diversity by killing specific lineages, and along with them, any descendant species they might have given rise to.
But mass extinction can also play a pioneering role in evolution, sparking the growth of other branches. Mass extinctions, by removing so many species from their ecosystems in a short time, reduce competition for resources and leave behind many uninhabited niches, which sustaining lineages can evolve into.
In the past half-billion years, Earth has been hit again and again by mass extinctions, eradicating most species on the planet. These events were devastating.
But life bounced back and the recovery was speedy.
The marking of recovery and diversification happened after every mass extinction.
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Remembering that proteins are made in cells that are 70% water- and water is polar-
describe how you might imagine that a protein spontaneously folds up into a complex 3D
shape.
Answer:
Hydrophobic packing. Read explanation below.
Explanation:
There are 4 tiers of protein struture. Primary structure is the links of amino acids attached by peptide bonds. The N terminus of one bonds to the C terminus of another.
Secondary structure is the first stage of folding. The amino acid chain can hydrogen bond with itself and can form structures such as Alpha helix and Beta sheet.
Tertiary structure is the interaction between R groups. R is a variable used to denote the presence of some type of compound attached to the basic amino acid structure that makes it chemically unique from the other ones.
Quaterary structure is also between the interaction of R groups, however it is between multiple proteins.
Types of folding that occur in Tertirary and Quaternary structure are the formation of disulfide bonds in an oxidizing enviornment, singularly in the presence of cysteines in a polypeptide. There is also hydrophobic packing, which is when a protein is in an aqueous solution the hydrophobic parts will fold inwards so it is not exposed to the water, and the hydrophillic polar regions will gravitate to the outside.
protein folding spontaneously folds up into a complex 3D shape by Hydrophobic packing.
What is protein folding ?
There are four types of protein structure where the Primary structure of protein is the links of amino acids by forming peptide bonds in which the N terminus of one bonds is present at one end and C terminus at another.
Secondary structure of protein is the first stage of protein folding where the amino acid chain form peptide by forming hydrogen bond with itself and form the structures of Alpha helix and Beta sheet.
Tertiary structure of the protein refers to the interaction between R groups where R is a variable group which is used to denote the presence of compound attached to the basic amino acid
Quaternary structure of the protein is formed between the interaction of R groups between multiple proteins.
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What will happen to the red blood cells in a hypertonic solution?Swelling and eventual crenationShriveling while maintaining the volume of cytoplasm.No net movement or shape change to the cells.© The red blood cells will experience crenation.
In an hypertonic solution, red cells would experiment loss of water, which translates into reduction of the volume of the cytosol, and eventually crenation, which means the destruction of the cell by dehydration (D).
If you pinch your nose while you are putting a piece of food into your mouth, what are you going to experience?.
If you pinch your nose while putting food in your mouth, you may experience lack of taste in the food.
It did appear that smell had an impact. However, the ability to taste was not completely impaired by nose plugs. Chewing certain foods allows aromas to reach the nose through the back of the mouth even when the nostrils are closed because the nose and throat share essentially the same airway.
Molecules from your food travel up your throat to the olfactory epithelium, where they activate odor receptors, when you eat.
Retronasal olfaction, as opposed to orthonasal olfaction, which occurs when you sniff through your nose, is prevented by pinching your nose. Retronasal olfaction is very important to your sense of flavor, which many other people mistake for "taste.", we can demonstrate this with jelly beans: you can still taste the sweetness of the jelly bean by pinching your nose, but you can't tell the difference between a strawberry and a grape. One of the most common complaints made by people who have lost their sense of smell is that food no longer "tastes" good because it lacks a lot of flavor.
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Phospholipids are found in a limited number of foods. They consists of a glycerol backbone with two fatty acids and a compound that contains phosphate. Why are they important in food and in the body?.
Esters of glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid, and other alcohols make up phospholipids.Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine are the four most prevalent phospholipids.
Where are phospholipids found in food?
The plasma membrane, the top layer of animal cells, is largely made up of phospholipids.They are made up of fatty acid chains joined to a glycerol backbone, just like fats.Phospholipids have two fatty acids that contribute to the formation of a diacylglycerol, as opposed to triglycerides, which have three fatty acidsPhospholipids are amphiphilic lipids consisting of a glycerol backbone or an amino-alcohol sphingosine backbone, which is esterified to one or two fatty acids, a phosphate group and a hydrophilic residue.Good sources of phospholipids include eggs, organ meats, lean meats, fish, shellfish, cereal grains, and oilseeds, particularly the choline phosphatides phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidylcholine. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are two kinds of lipids that make up the significant class of membrane lipids known as phospholipids. The cell membrane is composed of phospholipids, which are created when glycerol interacts with two fatty acids and a phosphate group.One phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms combine to generate the complex ions known as phosphotes.Another form of lipid that does not contain glycerol is steroids. A phospholipid is a molecule made composed of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a modified phosphate group.The phosphate can change by having polar or charged chemical groups added to it. These hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics of phospholipids lead them to group into two layers when cellular membranes are formed.Because they are hydrophobic, the phosphate tails in between the layers of heads avoid contact with the water while the heads in each layer face the aqueous or watery environment on either side. The vital phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), which degrade quickly after cell death and act as a marker to distinguish between living and dead organisms, are part of the cell membrane of microorganisms.To learn more about Phospholipids refer
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Which term describes the process by which light passes through an object or a medium?
reflection
reflection
refraction
refraction
absorption
absorption
transmission
Answer: Transmission
Explanation:
Reflection obviously describes the way light bounces back at the viewer.
Refraction describes how light is passed through an object but changes directions.
Absorption describes how much light is absorbed when passing through an object.
Transmission describes the amount of light that passes through an object or medium.
(Absorption and Transmission are generally associated with spectrophotometry)
Answer:
Transmission
Explanation:
The transmission of light occurs when light passes through an object or a medium.
four cells that originally had seven pairs of homologous chromosomes go through meiosis 2. how many total chromosomes exist in each cell? are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not?
Total 7 chromosomes exist in each cell.
Chromosomes in each cell, they are not duplicated.
There are four cells that are going through meiosis 2, after meiosis there are eight cells that are produced.
There were originally seven pairs of homologous chromosomes, after going through meiosis 2, chromosome number does not change and don't get duplicated, so, there are seven chromosomes in each cell, but the chromosomes are not duplicated.
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despite its name, kentucky bluegrass is a widespread turfgrass used for lawns throughout the united states. in some regions, strains have developed desirable disease-resistant properties. however, kentucky bluegrass typically develops by apomixis. plant breeders say this creates both a challenge and an opportunity for engineering novel strains. why?
If a seed develops by apomixis, it will be identical to its parent.
In order to hybridize with another strain, specific procedures are needed. However, apomixis assures the reliable multiplication of a hybrid strain once it has been created. A perennial, cool-season lawn grass is what is referred to as Kentucky bluegrass.
This indicates that it returns each year and grows most actively in the chilly months of fall and spring. Asexual reproduction without fertilization is known as apomixis in botany. Greek for "aside from" and "mixing" make up its origins.
Notably, meiosis is not included in this definition. As a result, "natural asexual reproduction" of plants, such as growth from cuttings or leaves, has never been thought of as apomixis; nevertheless, the replacement of the seed by a plantlet or the replacement of the flower by bulbils were both recognized as kinds of apomixis. Offspring born by apomicticism share the same genetic makeup as their parent plant.
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If a cell is damaged In such as a way that it cannot stop going through mitosis, what will be the most likely result?
Answer: Formation of Cancer
Explanation:
A cell that has been transformed to continue replicating has turned into cancer.
Answer:
If a cell is damaged in such a way that it cannot stop going through mitosis, it will most likely result in formation of tumor. If the tumor becomes malignant, it causes cancer.
if the bacteria are not spread evenly around the plate and some parts do not have growth because they have not been inoculated with test bacteria, how will this affect the results of the experiment?
ln case the question regarding the spread plate method.
The spread plate technique is a laboratory technique that can be used to isolate and count the total number of microorganisms in a mixed culture. and distributing it evenly. In case when the bacteria are not spread evenly around the plate and some parts do not have growth as they have not been inoculated with test bacteria, this will affect the quantification of bacterial species in a solution and may result in uneven growth on a plate and ultimately infers false results.
What is bacteria?
Bacteria are common, largely free-living organisms that frequently only have one biological cell. They make up a significant portion of the prokaryotic microbial kingdom. Bacteria, which are typically a few micrometers in length and were among the first life forms to emerge on Earth, are found in the majority of its habitats.
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triangle A'B'C Is the image of triangle ABC under a translation. Determine the translation, Use non-negative numbers.
The translation of the triangle ABC is given with a movement of 8 units to the left and 5 units up.
What is the translation of a figure?The translation of a figure is a term that refers to the action of moving a figure in the Cartesian plane. This movement allows the figure to maintain its original dimensions but its points have other coordinates in the Cartesian plane. In this case, figure ABC has the following coordinates:
A = (3,-4)B = (5,-2)C = (6,-6)After the translation, the figure A'B'C' is formed with the following coordinates:
A' = (-5.1)B' = (-3.3)C' = (-2,-1)How to identify how many units the figure moved?To identify the units and the direction in which the figure moved, we can take any of the points that make up the figure as a reference. For example point A, from there we count how many units to the right or left the A' is located. Later, we do the same but on the other axis, that is, how many units did it move up or down. According to the above, the figure's movement was 8 units to the left and 5 units up.
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Question 4 of 10
What is the purpose of a conclusion?
A. To predict how something will turn out
B. To explain why the data support or reject the hypothesis
OC. To collect or analyze the experimental data
D. To make an educated guess about a particular question
SUBMIT
A conclusion's purpose is to forecast how something will turn out.
What is the experiment's conclusion?The purpose of the conclusion is to analyze what you have presented in the project, as well as to approve the problem statement and finish the project.It also includes the approval of the problem statement, information presented in the project and analysis, and new information that is not relevant to the project or presentation.The amount of conclusion can be changed by making it larger and analyzing more specific things, as well as editing more grammar errors. The conclusion can bring together the main points in your assignment.It establishes the premises and shows how they come together to support your claim, which means it briefly revisits each key point.So here correct answer is Option A) To predict how something will turn out.
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Why are watersheds so important to water quality
1. identify 10 biotic components of an chosen ecosystem.
Answer:
Explanation:
Biotic factors are living or once-living organisms in the ecosystem. These are
obtained from the biosphere and are capable of reproduction. Examples of
Biotic factors are animals, birds, plants, fungi, and other similar organisms.
Biotic describes a living component of an ecosystem; for example organisms, such as plants and animals.
Examples: All living things — autotrophs and heterotrophs — plants, animals, fungi, bacteria.
Living things that directly or indirectly affect organisms in
environment; organisms, interactions, waste; parasitism, and disease.
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(ii) D is a vein. State the name of this vein and describe its structure.?
name description of structure.?
Answer:
Inferior venacava is a D vein
Vein is defined has been defined as the blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from tissues and organs in the body.
What is vein?The arteries, which are three-layered blood vessels, transport oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body's tissues. The three-layered blood channels known as arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body's tissues.
Collagen and elastic fibres are present in the connective tissues that make up the outer layer, which supports the blood artery. The intermediate layer is composed primarily of elastic fibres, collagen, and smooth muscles.
The flexibility and strength are provided by this layer. The wall may stretch because of its elastic fibres. Because of the smooth epithelial cells that make up the inner endothelium, friction is reduced. In terms of structure, veins and arteries are comparable, with the exception of these three thin and elastic layers.
Therefore, Vein is defined has been defined as the blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from tissues and organs in the body.
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human feet are everted so that their soles lie fully on the ground during ambulation. what muscle is developmentally unique to humans, inserts into the base of the fifth metatarsal, and assists in eversion (or pronation)?
The muscle is developmentally unique to humans, inserts into the base of the fifth metatarsal, and assists in eversion is fibularis tertius.
What is ambulation?The capacity to move around unaided while walking is known as ambulation. It is most frequently used to describe a patient's post-operative or physical therapy goals. A patient may need assistance before they are able to move around on their own in order to achieve their aim of ambulation.
Leg muscle called the fibularis tertius is located in its lateral compartment.
The fibularis longus muscle has the ability to plantar flex and evert the foot. Additionally, it supports the foot's longitudinal and transverse arches.
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If the distance between Earth and the sun were doubled what would be the force of gravity between them
