What could happen if the global temperature rises just a few degrees?

On moving from places of high elevation to a place of low elevation, the atmospheric pressure increases as the amount of air over unit area increases.

Pressure is defined as the force applied on an object perpendicular to it's surface per unit area over which it is distributed.Gauge pressure is a pressure which is related with the ambient pressure.

There are various units by which pressure is expressed most of which are derived units which are obtained from unit of force divided by unit of area . The SI unit of pressure is pascal .

It is a scalar quantity which is related to the vector area element with a normal force acting on it.It is distributed over solid boundaries and across arbitary sections of fluid normal to the boundaries at every point.

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In the chemical reaction between Fe(II) ions and dilute sulfuric acid when hydrogen peroxide is added Fe(II) gets converted to Fe(III) ,on retaining mixture and adding NaOH precipitate of ferric hydroxide is obtained.

Chemical reactions are defined as reactions which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical reaction.

There are several characteristics of chemical reactions like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical reaction there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.

There are three types of chemical reactions:

1) inorganic reactions

2)organic reactions

3) biochemical reactions

During chemical reactions atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.

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To be considered a true hydrate, a compound must follow a few rules, and one of these rules is the color being the same before and after heating. In this case we have a difference in the color, the residue after heating when dissolved in water is forming a yellow brown solution, and in the meanwhile, a colorless solution is formed when a sample of the original compound is dissolved in water, which is not a characteristic of a true hydrate.

The compound is represented by formula comprising symbols of elements.

An element is represented by chemical symbol like oxygen is O, hydrogen is H calcium is Ca and so on.

The compound is represented by the formula comprising symbols of elements. Compound is made up of two or more elements join together. some of the example are given below :

water - H₂O , made up of oxygen atom and hydrogen atom

Ammonia - NH₄

Calcium carbonate - CaCO₃

Carbon dioxide - CO₂

Acetic acid - CH₃COOH

these are the some example of compound , formula of compound comprises the chemical symbol of elements.

Thus, The compound is represented by formula comprising symbols of elements.

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Answer

%Yield = 87.2%

Explanation

Given:

mass of NH3 reacted = 73 g

mass of H2O produced = 101 g

We know:

molar mass of NH3 = 17,031 g/mol

molar mass of water = 18.01528 g/mol

Required: % Yield

Solution:

The formula used to calculate the percentage yield is:

%Yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100

The actual yield of H2O produced = 101 g

Now lets calculate the theoretical yield first.

First find the number of moles of NH3, and use stoichiometry to find the theoretical mass of water.

n = m/M n is the moles, m is the mass and M is the molar mass.

n = 73/17,031 g/mol

n = 4.29 mol

Using the stoichiometry, there molar ratio between NH3 and H2O is 4:6

Therefore the moles of H2O = 4.29 x (6/4)

n of H2O = 6.43 mol

The theoretical mass can then be calculated:

m = n x M

m = 6.43 mol x 18.01528 g/mol

m = 115.83 g

%Yield = (101 g/115.83)*100

%Yield = 87.2%

The following two statements are true about chemical kinetics.

1. Chemical  kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions.
2. A reaction rate can be defined as the decrease in the concentrations of reactants with time.

Chemical kinetics deals with the study of rate of chemical reactions. Rate of reaction is defined as  the measure of the change in concentration of the reactants or the change in concentration of the products per unit time.

The reaction rates decrease with time because reactant concentrations decrease as reactants are converted to products. The rate decreases as the reaction proceeds.

               A→B

A= reactant        rate of reaction =-[tex]\frac{d[A]}{dt}[/tex]

B=product          rate of reaction=+[tex]\frac{d[B]}{dt}[/tex]

This means that the concentration of 'A' decrease  with respect to time. It can also be noted by measuring the increase in the Concentration of B with the passage of time.

Negative sign indicates the conc. of reactants decreases with time

Positive sign indicates that conc. of product increases with the passage of time .Remember rate of reaction always positive.

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Answer:

There are 2.2 moles of hydrogen.

Explanation:

The given information from the exercise is:

- Volume (V): 48.6L

- Temperature (T): 0°C (273K)

- Pressure (P): 1atm

1st) It is important to convert the temperature unit from °C to Kelvin:

This first step is very important, because all the units must be at atm, L and Kelvin, before using the Ideal Gases Law formula.

2nd) Now to calculate the moles of hydrogen, we hae to replace the values of V, T and P in the Ideal Gases Law formula:

R: is the gases constant, in its value is 0.082atm.L/mol.K.

So, there are 2.2 moles of hydrogen.

The concentration of the unknown weak acid solution is 0.228 M.

Acid dissociation constant, K a K text a Ka, and weak acids. Acids that don't entirely dissociate in solution are referred to as weak acids. In other words, any acid that is not a strong acid qualifies as a weak acid. The amount of dissociation determines how strong an acid is; the more dissociation, the stronger the acid.

Equivalent point:

Since the volume is 4.00 mL of the weak acid, and it takes  18.3 mL of 0.0500 M NaOH to reach the equivalence point.

We know that

In the equivalence point, [H⁺] = [OH⁻].

here the given formula C₁V₁=C₂V₂ is used

Here

C₁ = 0.0500 M

V₁ = 18.3 mL

C₂ = ?

V₂ = 4.00 mL

So, the C₂ is

0.0500 M * 18.3mL = C₂ * 4.00 mL

C₂ = 0.228M

The concentration of the unknown weak acid solution is 0.228 M

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Based on the dissociation of each of the given salts, we can calculate that there are b. 51.5 g of chloride ions per liter of the solution.

Each mol of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) dissociates to give 2 moles of chloride ions. The number of moles of chloride ions that comes from calcium chloride is:

2 * 0.200 mol = 0.400 mol

Each mol of magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) dissociates to give 2 moles of chloride ions. The number of moles of chloride ions that comes from magnesium chloride is:

2 * 0.150 mol = 0.300 mol

Each mol of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociates to give 1 mol of chloride ions. The number of moles of chloride ions that comes from sodium chloride is thus 0.750 mol

The total number of moles (n) of chloride ions in the solution is:

n = 0.400 mol + 0.300 mol + 0.750 mol

n = 1.450 mol

Now, we can use the molar mass of the chloride ion (M = 35.5 g/mol) to calculate the mass (m) of chloride ions in 1 liter of solution:

n = m/M ⇒ m = n*M

m = 1.450 mol * 35.5 g/mol

m = 51.475 g

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In cellular respiration, carbon dioxide and water are the reactants, and fuel and oxygen are the products, this statement is false.

As in the cellular respiration, the fuel which is glucose and oxygen are the reactants, these react to form ATP, while the carbon dioxide and water are the products formed.

The equation of the reaction of cellular respiration is written as -

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + 25 ATP

glucose + water → carbon dioxide + water + ATP

Carbon dioxide and water are considered as byproducts or waste products. Aerobic respiration uses up the glucose and oxygen which releases the energy or results in the ATP formation.

Therefore, the statement given is false.

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When a magnesium atom becomes a cation, the size of the radius decreases because it lost electrons (Option A)

Magnesium is a divalent metal. It loses its valence electrons to form a stable octet electronic configuration.

Generally, the ions (or cations) of metals tends to be smaller than their atoms because they lose electrons to form ions.

Now, we shall consider the atom and the ion of magnesium to see the difference. Please see attached photo

Magnesium lose electrons to form ion (cations) as follow:

Mg -> Mg²⁺ + 2e

From the equation and the diagram, we can see that the ion of magnesium is smaller than its atom.

This is so because the magnesium atom has two electrons more than the magnesium ion.

Thus, we can say that the correct option is: decreases because it lost electrons (Option A)

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The  effectiveness of columns is the number of theoretical plates, the  the Fractional distillation is separation of a mixture of two liquids.

Fractional distillation divides a mixture into a number of distinct parts known as fractions.

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It is important to use a volumetric pipette and volumetric flasks  because they are marked with one trace, they are calibrated and there are very less chance of error in them.

The percentage error of volumetric flask is very low at 0.3%. Volumetric pipette and volumetric flasks are specially designed to give accurate measurements of liquids and make them suitable for preparing standard solutions.

The volumetric pipette has a long and narrow neck which makes it easier to measure.      

Graduated cylinders are more accurate then beakers. However they are not used to carry volumetric evaluations for this purpose volumetric tools like flasks and pipettes are used because they are more accurate and exact.

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The mass of anhydrous compound in 63.8 grams of manganese(ii)sulfate monohydrate is 57.01 grams.

As per the known fact, mass of manganese(ii)sulfate monohydrate is 169.02 grams/mole. Also, the mass of monohydrate which is one molecule of water is 18 grams/mole. So, the percentage of water in manganese(ii)sulfate monohydrate is 18/169.02×100

Percentage = 10.6%

Now, the amount of water in 63.8 grams of manganese(ii)sulfate monohydrate is : 10.6%×63.8

Calculating percentage

Amount of water = 6.79 grams

Mass of anhydrous compound = 63.8 - 6.79

Performing subtraction on Right Hand Side

Mass of anhydrous compound = 57.01 grams

Thus, 57.01 grams is present in mentioned salt.

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The following which are medical applications of radiation include the following below:

This is referred to as the transmission of energy through space and it usually occurs at the speed of light thereby making it a very fast method of heat transfer when compared to the others. Radiation are used for various purposes such as immigration for searching luggage etc.

It is also used for medical reasons such as cancer therapy as the radiation help in destroying the cancerous cells thereby making it easy for their removal from the body system. It is also used for genetic engineering in the creation of new types of substances through the modification of nucleic acids such as DNA etc.

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Answer: Yes

Explanation: More reactive metals in the reactivity series can displace copper from copper oxide just leaving copper on its own after the reaction. But usually, carbon is used to displace copper as its safe and more reactive.

The percent yield is 83.29%.

The real yield is calculated as the theoretical yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. % Yield = (Actual Yield % Theoretical Yield × 100%) Many factors can cause a chemical reaction's actual yield to be lower than its theoretical yield.

Numbers of moles copper = 0.0970 moles

Mass of copper(I) sulfide = 6.43 grams.

Balanced equation

2Cu + S ⇒ Cu₂S

Calculate moles of Cu₂S

To create 1 mol of Cu2S from 2 moles of Cu, we require 1 mole of S.

For 0.0970 moles Cu we'll have 0.0970 / 2 = 0.0485 moles

Calculate mass of Cu₂S

Mass Cu₂S = moles Cu₂S × molar mass Cu₂S

Mass Cu₂S = 0.0485 moles × 159.16 g/mol

Mass Cu₂S = 7.72 grams

Calculate percent yield

Percent yield = (actual yield/ theoretical mass) × 100%

Percent yield = (6.43grams / 7.72 grams) × 100%

Percent yield = 83.29 %

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Answer:Many of the physical properties of solutions differ significantly from those of the pure substances discussed in earlier chapters, and these differences have important consequences. For example, the limited temperature range of liquid water (0°C–100°C) severely limits its use. Aqueous solutions have both a lower freezing point and a higher boiling point than pure water. Probably one of the most familiar applications of this phenomenon is the addition of ethylene glycol (“antifreeze”) to the water in an automobile radiator.

Explanation:

Answer:

Neon and lithium.

Explanation:

4x = 79.9 atomic mass

x = 19.98 atomic mass

The element having the nearest atomic mass to 19.98 is neon with an atomic mass of 20.180.

==

8y = 2*(28.085)

8y = 56.17

y =  7.021

The element having the nearest atomic mass to 7.021 is lithium with an atomic mass of 6.94..

The period, group, and valence electrons block of the given element with the electronic configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p5 is Period 3, Group 7, p-block.

The periods in the periodic table are the horizontal rows found in the periodic table.

There are 7 periods in the Periodic Table.

Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.

The groups in the periodic table are the vertical columns found in the periodic table.

There are 18 periods in the Periodic Table.

Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.

The electronic configuration of atoms can be used to identify the group and period each element belongs to.

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The reactant will be potassium iodide and lead (ii) nitrate. The products will be lead (ii) iodide and potassium nitrate.

In the field of chemistry, reactants can be described as starting materials that react together in order to form a product. The reactants are the starting material whereas the products are the ending material.

In the case above, potassium iodide and lead (ii) nitrate are the reacting materials as they are the starting materials. On the other hand, lead (ii) iodide and potassium nitrate are the ending products of this reaction.

While writing a chemical equation, the reactants are written on the left-hand side, before an arrow. On the other hand, the products are written on the right-hand side after the arrow.

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Potassium have three isotopes.

254 stable isotopes are known.  Certain substances can only exist in unstable states (for example, uranium).

The stable potassium isotope has a nuclear spin of 3/2, a relative atomic mass of 38.963707, and a natural abundance of 93.3 atoms.

We must compute for the various atomic weights of the isotopes since potassium has three distinct isotopes: Potassium-39 has an atomic mass of 39 and 19 protons. Therefore, the number of neutrons is 39 – 19, or 20.

If potassium has an atomic mass of 39.0983, the average is obviously highly biassed in favour of potassium-39, making potassium-39 the isotope with the greatest abundance.

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The strong attractive forces in ionic crystal make them rigid , hard and brittle solid.

Ionic crystal are so strong because of the strong attractive forces between ions . Ionic compound formed between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion , the bond between them are so strong that make ionic crystal brittle. and also make it rigid.  the presence of strong electrostatic force of attraction make the ionic crystal so hard. Due to the non directional nature of ionic bond make the crystal brittle.

Thus, The strong attractive forces in ionic crystal make them rigid , hard and brittle solid.

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The isotopes of the element X are; 19/9X, 20/9X and 21/9X.

The term isotopes has to do with the atoms that have the same atomic number but they do not have or posses the same mass number. The implication of this definition is that the atoms that we call the isotopes are different in the number of the neutrons that they do contain.

Now we know that the common thread that holds the atoms that we call an isotope of each other is that they have the same atomic umber and the atomic number of the atom X in this case is 9.

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A total of 2269 balloons of 1.5 Liters volume and 1.25 atm pressure can be filled from the cylinder of volume 2.3 Liters and 1850 atm pressure.

The volume of the Helium gas is 2.3L and the pressure is 1850 atm at 25° Celsius.

The smaller balloons that has to be filled are of volume 1.5 L at the pressure 1.25atm at the same temperature of 25° C.

Because the temperature is conserved, so, according to Boyle's law,

When temperature is constant, the pressure and volume of the gas are inversely proportional to each other.

we can write,

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Let us say that a total n numbers of smaller balloons can be filled, so,

P₁V₁ = n(P₂V₂)

Where,

P₁ is pressure of bigger balloon,

V₁ is the volume of the bigger balloon,

P₂ is the pressure of the smaller balloon and,

V₂ is the volume of the smaller balloon.

Now, putting all the values,

2.30 x 1850 = n(1.5 x 1.25)

n = 2269

So, a total 2269 balloons can be filled from the bigger balloon to the smaller balloons.

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the diagram of downs cell

Balloons can be used to mimic the morphologies of covalently bound chemical molecules. Many students struggle to visualize the shapes. The balloons are superior (and less expensive) than typical ball and stick model kits. The balloons in this exercise represent pairs of electron-electron clouds, not atoms.

Each balloon is an electron domain (either a bonded pair or a lone pair of electrons) that surrounds a core atom. When balloons are linked, they spontaneously adopt the lowest energy structure suggested by the VSEPR model.

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Answer:

Explanation:1 g CH

4

​

,C

2

​

H

6

​

C

3

​

H

8

​

C

4

​

H

10

​

T = 350 K, P = 1 atm

PV=nRT=

M

w×R×T

​

1×V=

58

1

​

×0.0821×350

V=0.495 L

V=495cm

3

The atomic mass of silicon is calculated to be 28.1087 amu if the three isotopes have relative abundances of 92.23%, 4.67%, and 3.1%, respectively.

The atomic mass of an element can be determined by first changing the percentage abundance of each isotope into decimal form, then multiplying this value by the atomic mass of that isotope. Then the resultant value of each isotope is added together to get the atomic mass of the element.

As the mass of the three isotopes of silicon is 28 amu, 29 amu, and 30 amu  with relative abundances of 92.23%, 4.67%, and 3.1%, respectively, we can calculate the atomic mass of silicon as follows;

si-28 = 92.23% = 92.23/100 = 0.9223

si-29 = 4.67% = 4.67/100 = 0.0467

si-30 = 3.1% = 3.1/100 = 0.031

Now multiplying these values by the atomic mass;

si-28 = 0.9223 × 28 = 25.8244

si-29 = 0.0467 × 29 = 1.3543

si-30 = 0.031 × 30 = 0.93

Now adding these values together;

atomic mass of silicon = 25.8244 + 1.3543 + 0.93

atomic mass of silicon = 28.1087 amu

Therefore; the atomic mass of silicon is calculated to be 28.1087 amu.

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If a student wants to demonstrate the size of a magnetic field to a friend, an activity which the student should perform is to: sprinkle iron filings around the magnet, and observe the pattern in which the iron filings arrange themselves.

The law of magnetism states that the like poles of a magnet would repel one another while unlike (different) poles would generally attract each other.

This ultimately implies that, two north (N) poles of a magnet would repel one another while a north (N) and south (S) would attract each other.

Based on the law of magnetism, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that this student should sprinkle iron filings around a magnet, and then observe the pattern in which these iron filings would be arranged the length of the magnet.

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Complete Question:

A student wants to demonstrate the size of a magnetic field to a friend. Which activity should the student perform?

answer choices

Suspend a magnet freely using a thread, and compare its alignment with a compass.

Cut a magnet in half, and bring the halves together to show they attract each other.

Sprinkle iron filings around the magnet, and observe the pattern in which the iron filings arrange themselves.

Rub an iron bar with a magnet, and bring the bar close to the magnet to show that they attract each other.