Firstly we will determine the average or the mean of the objects density:
[tex]\begin{gathered} Mean=\frac{1.3g•mL^{-1}+1.25g•mL^{-1}+1.17g•mL^{-1}+1.22g•mL^{-1}}{4} \\ Mean=\frac{4.94g•mL^{-1}}{4} \\ Mean=1.235 \end{gathered}[/tex]Now we will calculate the deviation. The deviation is how much is trial is different from the average. We take the absolute value so the answers can be positive:
[tex]\begin{gathered} Trial\text{ }1:|1.3-1.235|=0.065 \\ Trial\text{ }2:|1.25-1.235|=0.015 \\ Trial\text{ }3:|1.17-1.235|=0.065 \\ Trial\text{ }4:|1.22-1.235|=0.015 \end{gathered}[/tex]We will determine the average of the deviation:
[tex]\begin{gathered} Deviation\text{ }mean=\frac{0.065+0.015+0.065+0.015}{4} \\ Deviation\text{ }mean=0.04 \end{gathered}[/tex]To determine the percent deviation we:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \%\text{ }deviation=\frac{mean\text{ }deviation}{mean}\times100 \\ \\ \%\text{ }deviation=\frac{0.04}{1.235}\times100 \\ \\ \%\text{ }deviation=3.24\% \end{gathered}[/tex]Answer: The percent deviation from the mean is 3.24%,
How many groups are attached to a center atom with trigonal planar geometry? 3 groups 1 group 5 groups 4 groups
Answer:
The number of groups attached to a center atom with trigonal planar geometry is 3 groups.
Lithium nitride is an ionic compound. Draw a diagram which shows its formula, the charges on the ions and the arrangement of the valency (outer shell) electrons around the negative ion. Use x for an electron from a lithium atom and o for an electron from a nitrogen atom.
Lithium nitride is an ionic compound and the chemical formula of lithium nitride is Li₃N and the charges on the ions is Li⁺¹N³⁻ 3 valence electron in lithium and 5 valence electron in nitrogen
Ionic compound is the ion compound these ions are atom that gain or lose electron resulting in a net positive and negative charges and lithium nitride is an ionic compound and in that Li⁺¹N³⁻ is the ion and the arrangement of the valency (outer shell) electrons are 3 valence electron in lithium and 5 valence electron in nitrogen
X = 3 electron
O = 7 electron
And that's why lithium nitride has 10 electron
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Leslie incorrectly balances an equation as 2C4H10 + 12O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O.Which coefficient should she change?281012
Answer: 13 O2 instead of 12 O2
Explanation:
100 points!
Why rusting is a chemical change?
1-A new reactant is formed
2-A new product is formed
3-There is increased activation energy
4-A new substance is not formed
Answer: 4
Explanation:
According to the label on a soft drink, one serving provides 185 kcal. If all of this energy is used to lift 1.0-kg blocks, how many blocks can be lifted 7.0 meters? Note: 1 J is approximately equal to the energy required to raise a 1-kg block a distance of 10 cm against Earth’s gravity.
The number of blocks that can be lifted through this height is 11563 blocks.
How many blocks can be lifted?We know that we define the term energy as the ability to do work, Now we have to consider the fact that we are told that one serving provides 185 kcal. Then we are told that all of this energy is used to lift 1.0-kg blocks through a distance of 7.0 meters.
Given that the energy exerted in lifting each block is;
mgh
m = mass of the block
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height lifted through
E = 1.0-kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 7.0 meters = 68.6 J or 0.016 kcal
The number of blocks that can be lifted = 185 kcal/ 0.016 kcal
= 11563 blocks
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The following lists consists of ionic compounds EXCEPT
barium hydroxide, zinc carbonate, ammonium sulfate
calcium chloride, carbon disulfide, magnesium nitrate
sodium sulfate, copper(II) oxide, potassium nitride
aluminium sulfide, sodium sulfite, calcium fluoride
The following lists consists of ionic compounds except carbon disulfide (CS₂).
Barium hydroxide , Ba(OH)₂ is an ionic compound.
zinc carbonate, ZnCO₃ is an ionic compound.
ammonium sulfate , (NH₄)₂SO₄ is an ionic compound.
calcium chloride, CaCl₂ is an ionic compound.
carbon disulfide, CS₂ is not an ionic compound. In carbon disulfide both the elements are non metallic elements. The bond formed between atoms are by sharing of electron known as covalent bond due to very little difference in electronegativity.
magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO₃)₂ is an ionic compound.
sodium sulfate, Na₂SO₄ is an ionic compound.
copper(II) oxide, CuO is an ionic compound.
potassium nitride KNO₃ is an ionic compound.
aluminium sulfide, Al₂S₃ is an ionic compound.
sodium sulfite, Na₂S is an ionic compound.
calcium fluoride, CaF₂ is an ionic compound.
Thus, The following lists consists of ionic compounds except carbon disulfide (CS₂).
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4 Fe + 3 O2 = 2 Fe2O3How many grams of oxygen (O2) do you needto produce 75 g Fe203?
Answer
mass of oxygen = 22.54 g
Explanation
Given:
4 Fe + 3 O2 = 2 Fe2O3
Mass of Fe203 = 75 g
Required: Mass of O2
We know:
Molar mass of Fe2O3 = 159,69 g/mol
Molar mass of O2 = 31.998 g/mol
Solution:
Step 1: Calculate the moles of Fe2O3
n = m/M where n is the moles, m is the mass and M is the molar mass
n = 75g/159,69 g/mol
n = 0.469 mol
Step 2: Use the stoichiometry to find the moles of O2
The molar ratio between Fe2O3 and O2 is 2:3
Therefore moles of O2 = 0.469 mol x (3/2) = 0.704 mol
Step 3: Find the mass of O2
m = n x M
m = 0.704 mol x 31.998 g/mol
m = 22.54 g
If 21.5 g of LiCl are dissolved 450.0 g of water at 20.0 °C in an insulated container, a temperature change is observed. The ∆H of solution of LiCl is -37.0 kJ/mol. Assuming that the specific heat of the solution is 4.184 J/(g°C), and that no heat is gained or lost by the container, what will be the final temperature of the solution?
The final temperature of the solution will be 29.5 °C.
What is the heat released when 21.5 g of LiCl is dissolved completely in water?The heat released when 21.5 g of LiCl is dissolved completely in water is determined from the enthalpy change, ∆H of the solution of LiCl as follows;
Moles of LiCl in 21.5 g = mass/ molar mass
molar mas of LiCl = 42.5 g/mol
Moles of LiCl in 21.5 g = 21.5/42.5
Moles of LiCl in 21.5 g = 0.506 moles
Heat released = 0.506 * -37.0 kJ/mol
Heat released = 18.722 kJ or 18722 J
Heat released = heat gained by solution
Temperature change of the solution = heat gained / mass * specific heat capacitymass of solution = 450 + 21.5
mass of solution = 471.5 g
Temperature change of the solution = 18722 / (471.5 * 4.184)
Temperature change of the solution = 9.5 °C
Final temperature of the solution = 20 °C + 9.5 °C
Final temperature of the solution =29.5 °C
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A popular car has an engine that is reported to have a volume of 5840 . What is the size in cubic inches?
By using an appropriate conversion factor, the size of this popular car's engine is equal to 356.78 cubic inches.
What is a conversion factor?A conversion factor simply refers to a number that is typically used to convert a number in one (1) set of units to another, either by dividing or multiplying.
Generally speaking, an appropriate conversion factor to an equal value must be used when it is necessary to perform any mathematical conversion.
Conversion:
1 cubic centimeter = 0.061023744094732 cubic inches.
5,840 cubic centimeter = X cubic inches.
Cross-multiplying, we have:
X = 0.061023744094732 × 5,840
X = 356.78 cubic inches.
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Complete Question:
A popular car has an engine that is reported to have a volume of 5840 cm³. What is the size in cubic inches?
Select the correct answer.
Consider an atom that has an electron in an excited state. The electron falls to a lower energy level. What effect does that have on the electron?
The electron releases energy in the form of light.
Hope this helps!
A certain first-order reaction is 46% complete in 45 s. What are the values of the rate constant and the half-life for this process?
The rate constant ( k )= 9.2 x 10⁻³ s⁻¹The half life (t1/2 )= 75.3 s
It is given that the reaction is 46% complete in 45 s
The relation between rate constant and the half life can be shown as:
For first order reaction:
ln[A]=−kt+ln[A]o
46% complete, 54% remains
A = 0.54
Ao = 1
Put the value of given data in the formula:
ln A = -kt + ln Ao
ln 0.54 = -k.45 + ln 1
-0.616=-k.45
k = 13.6 x 10⁻³ s⁻¹
The half life can be determined by using the formula:
t1/2 = (ln 2) / k
t1/2 = 0.693 / 13.6 x 10⁻³
t1/2 = 0.0509 ×10⁻³ s.
t1/2 = 5.09 ×[tex]10^{5}[/tex] s.
Therefore, the rate constant for the first order reaction will be 13.6 x 10⁻³ s⁻¹ and half life will be 5.09 ×[tex]10^{5}[/tex] s.
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The pH of a basic solution is 8.13. What is [OH⁻]?
The [OH⁻] of the solution with pH of 8.13 is 1.35 * 10-6 M
pH is the measurement of the acidity or basicity of a compound by measuring [H⁻] ions in the solution. It ranges from 0 to 14 with acidic range from 0 – 7 and basic range from 7-14.
pOH is the measurement of the acidity or basicity of a compound by measuring [OH⁻] ions in the solution.
Thus, pH + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 - pH = 14 – 8.13 = 5.87
pOH = - log ([OH⁻])
- log ([OH⁻]) = 5.87
Log ([OH⁻]) = - 5.87
[OH⁻] = 10 ^ - 5.87 = 0.00000134896
[OH⁻] = 1.35 * 10⁻⁶ M
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How many grams of calcium fluoride are in 1.5 moles of calcium fluoride?
The number of grams of calcium fluoride in 1.5 moles of calcium fluoride is 88.5grams.
How to calculate mass?The mass of a substance or compound can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles of the substance by its molar mass as follows:
mass = no of moles × molar mass
According to this question, there are 1.5 moles of calcium fluoride (CaF). The molar mass of calcium fluoride can be calculated as follows:
CaF = 40g/mol + 19g/mol = 59g/mol
mass = 59g/mol × 1.5mol
mass = 88.5grams.
Therefore, 88.5grams of calcium fluoride is present in 1.5 moles of the compound.
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Predict the products for each of the following reactions. Write the molecular equation, the complete ionic equation, and the net ionic equation. Classify the reactions in as many ways as you can.
Aqueous sulfuric acid is added to aqueous potassium hydroxide.
The molecular equation of the reaction of sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide:
H₂SO₄ (aq) + 2 KOH (aq) → K₂SO₄ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)
The net ionic equation is:
2H⁺ (aq) + 2OH⁻ (aq) [tex]\longrightarrow[/tex] 2H₂O (l)
What are the net ionic equations?The net ionic equation of a reaction can be described as an equation that expresses only those elements, compounds, or ions that directly contributed in that chemical reaction.
The balanced chemical equation reaction of sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide:
H₂SO₄ (aq) + 2 KOH (aq) → K₂SO₄ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)
The complete ionic equation for the above reaction can be written as follows:
2H⁺ (aq) + SO²₄⁻ (aq) + 2K⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻ → 2K⁺ (aq) + SO₄²⁻ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)
In the ionic equation, the potassium and sulfate ions appear unchanged on both sides of the equation. When we mix the two solutions, the potassium and sulfate ions do not participate in the reaction. So potassium and sulfate ions can be eliminated from the ionic equation.
2H⁺ (aq) + 2OH⁻ (aq) [tex]\longrightarrow[/tex] 2H₂O (l)
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Create a diagram of your electroplating apparatus (an electrolytic cell). Then submit your drawing with the following terms labeled correctly. Or, beginning with the positive terminal of the battery and ending with the negative terminal of the battery, describe the path that the electricity takes and where each of the following occurs: anodecathodecopper stripbatterypositive terminalnegative terminalplace where oxidation occursplace where reduction occurselectrolyte solutioncoin (or nail)direction of electron flow
Please, look at the next drawing:
Electrolytic cell: Electrical energy is used to drive nonspontaneous redox reactions.
Oxidation half-reaction: Z- => Z + e- (anode)
Reduction half-reaction: Y+ + e- => Y (cathode)
ic
Can someone help me with this pls 2. Which is the volume of 3.20 moles of O₂?7. Which is the volume of 100. of O₂?
2. Which is the volume of 3.20 moles of O₂?
We are told that at STP one mol of any gas occupies 22.4 L. We will use that relationship to find the volume occupied by 3.20 moles of O₂.
1 mol of O₂ = 22.4 L
volume of O₂ = 3.20 moles of O₂ * 22.4 L/(1 mol of O₂)
volume of O₂ = 71.7 L
Answer: 3.20 moles of O₂ occupies 71.7 L
7. Which is the volume of 100. g of O₂?
In this case we will use the same relationship, but we are given grams instead of moles. So first we have to convert the mass in grams into moles. To do that we use the molar mass of O₂.
atomic mass of O = 16.00 amu
molar mass of O₂ = 2 * 16.00
molar mass of O₂ = 32.00 g/mol
Once that we know that the mass of 1 mol of O₂ is 32.00 g, we can find the number of moles that we have in 100. g of it.
moles of O₂ = mass of O₂ /(molar mass of O₂)
moles of O₂ = 100. g/(32.00 g/mol)
moles of O₂ = 3.13 moles
Finally we can find the volume that 3.13 moles of O₂ occupies (remember that 1 mol of any gas occupies 22.4 L at STP).
volume of O₂ = 3.13 moles * 22.4 L/(1 mol)
volume of O₂ = 70.1 L
Answer: 100. g of O₂ occupies 70.1 L
Which phase change is endothermic?
A) H₂O(t)→ H₂O(g)
B) I2(g) → I2(s)
C) Hg(t)→ Hg(s)
D) H₂S(g) → H₂S(t)
Ozone molecules in the upper atmosphere absorb radiation. If the radiation has a wavelength between 240 nm and 310 nm, the ozone molecules will decompose into oxygen molecules and oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms then recombine with the oxygen molecules to make more ozone, releasing heat. This converts light energy into heat energy and insulates the Earth. ***** O3(g) → O2(g) + O(g) -> light energy absorbed heat energy released O2(g) + O(g) 03(g) a) What kind of electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength between 240 and 310 nm? b) Which wavelength represents the minimum amount of energy required for this reaction to proceed: 240 nm or 310 nm? c) Calculate the minimum amount of light energy that must be absorbed to convert 1 mole of ozone into oxygen molecules and atoms. Report your answer in kJ/mol. [4 Marks]
a)ultraviolet rays
Explanation:
ultraviolet rays are electromagnetic waves that are found in the range of 240 and 310 somewhere in between the electromagnetic spectrum
b)310nm causes minimum energy because the ultraviolet rays have reacted with oxygen to produce zone
c) 310nm to
=3.1×10^-7m once converted find the frequency using the converted wavelength as your wavelength AND once that has been done find your
E=hv=6.626×10^-34×9.68×10^14=6.414×10^-10J convert J to KJ/MOL will be 386.3KJ/MOL.
4. An ice cube (25 g) is at -8.0°C. How much energy is required to take it to the
melting point, 0 °C? Heat capacity (c) for solid water is 2.10 J/g C
the heat energy required to take it to the melting point is 420J.
What is specific heat capacity?The heat capacity, abbreviated Cp, is the amount of heat needed to elevate a mole of a substance's heat content by precisely one degree Celsius.
A material has more thermal energy the hotter it is, says basic thermodynamics. Additionally, when a chemical is present in greater concentrations at a particular temperature, it will have a higher total thermal energy.
Mathematically,
Q = mc∆T
Where,
Q = quantity of heat absorbed by a body
m = mass of the body
∆t = Rise in temperature
C = Specific heat capacity of a substance depends on the nature of the material of the substance.
S.I unit of specific heat is J kg-1 K-1.
Given,
An ice cube of mass = m=25g
initial temperature = T1 = -8°C
final temperature = T2 = 0°C
Heat capacity for solid water = c = 2.1J/g°C
According to heat energy required to take it to the melting point,
Q = mc∆T
Q = 25g×2.1J/g°C × (0+8) °C
Q = (25×2.1×8) J
Q = 420J
Hence, the heat energy required to take it to the melting point is 420J.
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How many moles of carbon dioxide are formed when reacting with 36 moles of oxygen?
1) Chemical equation
[tex]CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]2) Moles of CO2 produced oxygen reacts
The molar ratio
2 mol O2: 1 mol CO2
[tex]molCO_2_{}=36molO_2\cdot\frac{1molCO_2}{2molO_2}=18molCO_2[/tex]If 36 mol O2 reacts, it will produce 18 mol CO2.
.
What will be the final temperature of a 3L nitrogen gas initially exposed to a temperature of 10°C if the volume is increased to 10L assuming that the pressure is fixed at 1 atm?
Step 1
Charles's law states that the volume (V) of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. It is assumed that the pressure and the quantity of gas remain constant.
Mathematically:
[tex]\frac{V1}{T1}=\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]-------------------
Step 2
Information provided:
T1 = 10 °C + 273 = 283 K
V1 = 3 L
---
T2 = Unknown
V2 = 10 L
-------------------
Step 3
Procedure:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \frac{V1}{T1}=\frac{V2}{T2} \\ T2\text{ =}\frac{V2}{V1}\text{ x T1} \\ T2\text{ = }\frac{10\text{ L}}{3\text{ L}}\text{ }x\text{ }283\text{ K } \\ T2\text{ = 943 K} \end{gathered}[/tex]Answer: 943 K or 670 °C
Why are valence electrons so important?A.They determine what element on the periodic table the atom is.B.They do not form any bonds.C.They are the electrons that participate in chemical reactions.D.They are in the nucleus of the atom.
Answer:
Explanation:
C
Answer:
I think the answer to your question is option A.
Which of the following statements are not true about buffer solutions?
Question 32 options:
The closer the ratio of concentration weak acid/base to the concentration of salt of its conjugate base/acid, the less effective the buffer to resist pH change.
Buffer has acid and base components that can work specifically to resist pH change.
A buffer solution can be prepared by mixing a weak acid and salt of its conjugated base or by mixing a weak base with salt of its conjugated acid.
pH of a buffer solution will not change despite the addition of small quantities of acid or base.
"A buffer solution's pH remains constant, even with small additions of acid or base."
Buffer solutions can react with minor additions of acid or base without changing the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. As a result, buffer solutions aid in maintaining a steady pH level throughout chemical reactions.
A weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are mixed together to form a solution called a buffer solution, which is based on water as the solvent. They do not change in pH when diluted or when modest amounts of acid or alkali are added to them.
An illustration would be a buffer created from a weak acid and its salt. It is a solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate CH3COOH + CH3COONa. A mixture of ammonia and ammonium chloride, or NH3aq + NH4Cl aq, is an illustration of a buffer made up of a weak base and its salt.
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What is the total pressure of the mixture in torr?
In this question, we have to find the total pressure in the container that has 758 mmHg of pressure of cyclopropane, and 0.483 atm of pressure of Oxygen, the answer must be provided in torr:
First thing we need to do is to transform mmHg of cyclopropane to atm
1 atm = 760 mmHg
x atm = 758 mmHg
x = 0.997 atm of pressure of cyclopropane
Now that we have both pressures in atm, we can add them and then we will find the total pressure:
Ptotal = PO2 + Pcyclo
Ptotal = 0.483 + 0.997
Ptotal = 1.48 atm of total pressure
To transform to torr:
1 atm = 760 torr
1.48 atm = x torr
x = 760 * 1.48
x = 1125 torr of pressure is the total pressure
A chemist prepares a solution of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) by measuring out 6.73mg of magnesium fluoride into a 250.mL volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with water. Calculate the concentration in mol/L of the chemist's magnesium fluoride solution. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
We have to find the molarity of a solution of Magnesium Fluoride. The definition of molarity is:
Molarity = moles of solute/Volume of solution in L
Our solute is MgF₂:
Molarity = moles of MgF₂ / L of solution
From the problem we know that the volume of the solution that the chemist prepared is 250. mL, we will have to convert that into L.
We know that there are 1000 mL in 1 L. So:
1 L = 1000 mL
250. mL = 250. mL * 1 L/1000 mL = 0.250 L
Volume of solution in L = 0.250 L
Now we have to find the number of moles of MgF₂ that the chemist added. From the problem we know the mass of MgF₂ added. Let's convert it to g:
1000 mg = 1 g
mass of MgF₂ = 6-73 mg
6.73 mg = 6.73 mg * 1 g/1000 mg = 0.00673 g
mass of MgF₂ = 0.00673 g
When we want to find the number of moles that we ave in a certain amount of a compound, we have to use the molar mass. Let's find the molar mass of MgF₂.
According to the periodic table the atomic mass of Mg is 24.3 amu and the atomic mass of F is 19 amu. So the molar mass of MgF₂ is:
molar mass of MgF₂ = 24.3 + 2 * 19 = 62.3 g/mol
molar mass of MgF₂ = 62.3 g/mol
Using the molar mass we can find the number of moles that we have in 6.73 mg or 0.00673 g of MgF₂:
moles of MgF₂ = 0.00673 g/(62.3 g/mol)
moles of MgF₂ = 1.08 * 10^-4 moles
So the chemist added 1.08 * 10^-4 moles of MgF₂ in 0.250 L of solution. Then the molarity of the solution is:
Molarity = moles of solute/Volume of solution in L
Molarity = 1.08 * 10^-4 moles/0.250 L
Molarity = 4.32 * 10^-4 M
So the answer to our problem is 4.32 * 10^-4 M
what is the molar mass of anhydrous solid, mol
what is the molar mass of anhydrous solid, mol?
Draw electron dot structures for the following substances: a. C12, b. CO, c. CO2 d. NH3, e. CC14, f. H2O
When drawing an electron dot diagram, you need to check the exact number of electrons that an atom has in its shell, only the valence electrons must be drawn
Hydrochloric acid is prepared by bubbling hydrogen chloride gas through water. What is the concentration of a solution prepared by dissolving 225 l of hcl g at 37
Answer:
149 M
Explanation:
If 30.0 mL of 0.150 M CaCl2 is added to 22.0 mL of 0.100 M AgNO3, what is the mass of the AgCl precipitate?
If 30.0 mL of 0.150 M CaCl2 is added to 22.0 mL of 0.100 M AgNO3 then 0.0022 moles AgNO3 will be precipitated.
The balanced chemical equation can be written as:
[tex]2AgNO_{3}[/tex] + [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] → 2AgCl + [tex]Ca(NO_{3} )_{2}[/tex]
Molecular Weight of CaCl2 = 110.98 g/mol
[tex]Ca(NO_{3} )_{2}[/tex] =170.01
AgCl = 143.45 g/mol
Volume of calcium chloride ([tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] ) =30.0mL
1 ml = [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] L
So, 30 ml =0.03L
[tex]AgNO_{3}[/tex] = 22 mL= 0.022 L
1 ml = [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] L
So, 22 ml =0.022 L
By solving for the limiting reactant one needs to get the moles [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex]and mols [tex]AgNO_{3}[/tex].
calcium chloride ( [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] ) = 0.150M(mol/L) × 0.03L = 0.0045 moles
Silver nitrate ([tex]AgNO_{3}[/tex] ) = 0.100M ×0.022L = 0.0022 moles
Since the stoichiometric ratio of Silver nitrate ( [tex]AgNO_{3}[/tex] ) to calcium chloride ( [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex]) is 2:1
0.0022 mols [tex]AgNO_{3}[/tex] × (1 mol [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] / [tex]AgNO_{3}[/tex] 2 mols ) = 0.00085 mols [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] .
Therefore, 0.0022 moles [tex]AgNO_{3}[/tex] will be obtained.
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A gas is confined to a cylinder under constant atmospheric pressure,. When the gas undergoes a particular chemical reaction , it releases 135 kJ of heat to its surroundings and does 63 KJ of P-V Work on its surroundings. What are the values of ∆H and ∆E for this process ?
Answer:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \triangle H=-135kJ \\ \triangle E=-198kJ \end{gathered}[/tex]Explanations:
From the question, we are given the following
Amount of heat released to the surroundings = 135kJ
Work done to its surroundings q = 63 kJ
The derivation of the enthalpy at constant pressure is expressed as;
[tex]\triangle H=\triangle U+\triangle(P_{int}V)[/tex]where;
[tex]\begin{gathered} \triangle U\text{ is the internal energy} \\ P_{int_{}}\text{ is the internal pressure} \\ V\text{ is the volume of the gas} \end{gathered}[/tex]Since the cylinder gas is under constant pressure, then the enthalpy will be equal to the work done to have:
[tex]\triangle H=q[/tex]Since q = 63kJ, hence;
[tex]\triangle H=q=-135kJ[/tex]Next is to calculate the change in the change in the internal energy
Using the law of energy conservation which states that the change in internal energy is equal to the heat transferred to, less the work done by, the system. Mathematically;
[tex]\begin{gathered} \triangle E=q+W \\ \triangle E=-135kJ+(-63kJ) \\ \triangle E=-198kJ \end{gathered}[/tex]Hence the change in internal energy for the process is -198kJ