create an example of a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross using Punnett squares.
Answers
Answer: Thxs down below
Explanation:
The offspring resulting from a monohybrid cross will be heterozygous for the gene in question, meaning they have inherited one allele from each parent. The Punnett square is a useful tool for predicting the outcome of monohybrid crosses.
What is a monohybrid cross?A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross between two individuals that involves one gene. In other words, it is a cross between two parents that differ in only one trait, such as flower color or seed shape. Monohybrid cross example:
Let's say we're studying the inheritance of flower color in pea plants, where purple flowers (P) are dominant over white flowers (p). If we cross a heterozygous purple-flowered plant (Pp) with another heterozygous purple-flowered plant (Pp), the Punnett square would look like this:
P p
P PP Pp
p Pp pp
So, the genotypic ratio would be 1:2:1 (1 PP, 2 Pp, 1 pp) and the phenotypic ratio would be 3:1 (3 purple flowers, 1 white flower).
Dihybrid cross example:
Let's say we're studying the inheritance of two traits in pea plants - flower color and seed shape. Flower color is determined by two alleles: purple (P) is dominant over white (p), and seed shape is determined by two alleles: round (R) is dominant over wrinkled (r).
If we cross a heterozygous purple and round flowered plant (PpRr) with another heterozygous purple and round flowered plant (PpRr), the Punnett square would look like this:
PR Pr pR pr
PR PPRR PPRr PpRR PpRr
Pr PPRr PPrr PpRr Pprr
pR PpRR PpRr ppRR ppRr
pr PpRr Pprr ppRr ppr
So, the genotypic ratio would be 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 (1 PPRR, 2 PPRr, 1 PpRR, 2 PpRr, 4 PPrr, 2 Pprr, 1 ppRR, 2 ppRr, 1 ppr) and the phenotypic ratio would be 9:3:3:1 (9 round purple flowers, 3 round white flowers, 3 wrinkled purple flowers, 1 wrinkled white flower).
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Related Questions
You are a prokaryotic cell that all of a sudden as the ability to take on 3 organelles or cell structures that you don't have, which 3 would you pick and why?
Answers
Answer:
Nucleus, mitochondrion, and chloroplast
Explanation:
If I were to be a prokaryotic cell that suddenly develops the ability to take on 3 organelles that I do not already have, I would pick a nucleus, a mitochondrion, and a chloroplast.
The presence of the nucleus would enable the freely lying genetic materials in the cytoplasm to become organized and packaged within the nucleus, thereby enabling more controls over transcription and translation processes.
Also, the presence of mitochondrion would increase the efficiency of energy generation through oxidative phosphorylation and the chloroplast will enable the cell to be able to manufacture its own food through photosynthesis rather than depending on external sources for foods.
Which two major parts of the Earth system does this photo most clearly show? A. Hydrosphere B. Atmosphere C. Cryosphere D. Biosphere
Answers
The part of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms exist or that is capable of supporting life
The major part in the earth system shows biosphere.
What is Biosphere?
The areas of Earth where life is present are referred to as the biosphere. The biosphere encompasses everything from the deepest tree roots to the shadowy depths of the ocean, lush rain forests, and lofty mountaintops.
The areas of Earth where life is present are referred to as the biosphere. The biosphere includes the deepest tree roots, the shadowy depths of the ocean, lush jungles, and tall mountain peaks.
Earth is described by scientists as a sphere. The lithosphere is the Earth's solid surface layer. The air layer that rises above the lithosphere is known as the atmosphere. The hydrosphere is the collection of water on Earth's surface, below the surface, and in the atmosphere.
Therefore, The major part in the earth system shows biosphere.
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Sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous bases are components of which of the following?
Group of answer choices
None of these
RNA
Both of these
DNA
Answers
In the 1950s, Francis Crick and James Watson worked together at the University of Cambridge, England, to determine the structure of DNA. Other scientists, such as Linus Pauling and Maurice Wilkins, were also actively exploring this field. Pauling had discovered the secondary structure of proteins using X-ray crystallography. X-ray crystallography is a method for investigating molecular structure by observing the patterns formed by X-rays shot through a crystal of the substance. The patterns give important information about the structure of the molecule of interest. In Wilkins’ lab, researcher Rosalind Franklin was using X-ray crystallography to understand the structure of DNA. Watson and Crick were able to piece together the puzzle of the DNA molecule using Franklin’s data (Figure 9.2). Watson and Crick also had key pieces of information available from other researchers such as Chargaff’s rules. Chargaff had shown that of the four kinds of monomers (nucleotides) present in a DNA molecule, two types were always present in equal amounts and the remaining two types were also always present in equal amounts. This meant they were always paired in some way. In 1962, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work in determining the structure of DNA.
Photo in part A shows James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maclyn McCarty. The x-ray diffraction pattern in part b is symmetrical, with dots in an x-shape.
Figure 9.2 Pioneering scientists (a) James Watson and Francis Crick are pictured here with American geneticist Maclyn McCarty. Scientist Rosalind Franklin discovered (b) the X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA, which helped to elucidate its double helix structure. (credit a: modification of work by Marjorie McCarty; b: modification of work by NIH)
Now let’s consider the structure of the two types of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which are made up of three parts: a deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (Figure 9.3). There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are double-ringed purines, and cytosine (C) and thymine (T) are smaller, single-ringed pyrimidines. The nucleotide is named according to the nitrogenous base it contains.
(a) Each DNA nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base.
Figure 9.3 (a) Each DNA nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base.
(b) Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines. Guanine and adenine are purines.
Figure 9.3 (b) Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines. Guanine and adenine are purines.
The phosphate group of one nucleotide bonds covalently with the sugar molecule of the next nucleotide, and so on, forming a long polymer of nucleotide monomers. The sugar–phosphate groups line up in a “backbone” for each single strand of DNA, and the nucleotide bases stick out from this backbone. The carbon atoms of the five-carbon sugar are numbered clockwise from the oxygen as 1′, 2′, 3′, 4′, and 5′ (1′ is read as “one prime”). The phosphate group is attached to the 5′ carbon of one nucleotide and the 3′ carbon of the next nucleotide. In its natural state, each DNA molecule is actually composed of two single strands held together along their length with hydrogen bonds between the bases.
Watson and Crick proposed that the DNA is made up of two strands that are twisted around each other to form a right-handed helix, called a double helix. Base-pairing takes place between a purine and pyrimidine: namely, A pairs with T, and G pairs with C. In other words, adenine and thymine are complementary base pairs, and cytosine and guanine are also complementary base pairs. This is the basis for Chargaff’s rule; because of their complementarity, there is as much adenine as thymine in a DNA molecule and as much guanine as cytosine. Adenine and thymine are connected by two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine and guanine are connected by three hydrogen bonds. The two strands are anti-parallel in nature; that is, one strand will have the 3′ carbon of the sugar in the “upward” position, whereas the other strand will have the 5′ carbon in the upward position. The diameter of the DNA double helix is uniform throughout because a purine (two rings) always pairs with a pyrimidine (one ring) and their combined lengths are always equal. (Figure 9.4).
Explanation: The DNA molecule is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.
Which label best describes this image?
Explosive eruption—beware of ash!
Gases push out magma with great force!
Volcano quietly erupts due to low-viscosity magma!
High silica content of magma results in lava reaching sea level by morning!
Answers
The label that best describes the image is Volcano quietly erupts due to low-viscosity magma!. The correct option is c.
What are volcanoes?A volcano is an aperture or vent through which lava, tephra (small rocks), and steam are released onto the surface of the planet.
The broad-domed volcano with gently sloping sides known as the Shield Volcano is known for its frequent eruptions of fluid, basaltic lava.
A broad-topped volcano with gently sloping sides known as the Cinder Volcano is known for its frequent eruptions of fluid basaltic lava. A broad-topped volcano with gently sloping sides known as a composite volcano is one that frequently erupts with fluid basaltic lava.
Therefore, the correct option is c. Volcano quietly erupts due to low-viscosity magma!
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The question is incomplete. The image is added below:
Answer: C on edg : Volcano quietly erupts due to low-viscosity magma!
which two characteristics determine the strength of the gravitational force between two objects? A. the objects' mass, B. the distance between the objects centers, C. the distance between the objects far edges, D. the distance between the objects near edges
Answers
Why? - Newton's law also states that the strength of gravity between any two objects depends on two factors: the masses of the objects and the distance between them. Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity between them.
The objects' mass, and The distance between the objects centers determines the strength of gravitational force.
What is gravitational force?The gravitational force is a force that attracts any two objects with mass. We call the gravitational force attractive because it always tries to pull masses together, it never pushes them apart.
This is called Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation. Admittedly, you don't have a very large mass and so, you're not pulling on those other objects much.
When the masses of the two objects are greater, there is a greater gravitational pull between them.
The separation between the centers of two objects affects their gravitational attraction to one another. The force is weaker the farther apart the items are from one another.
Therefore, The objects' mass, and The distance between the objects centers determines the strength of gravitational force.
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Rearrange the information into a food chain. Label the role of each organism in the chain.
• Fresh water shrimp eat algae
• Tuna eat sea bass
• Sea bass eat fresh water shrimp
Answers
Freshwater Shrimp
Sea Bass
Tuna
In our game today, we had only 6 predators and the rest of the class (about 28 people) were prey. In an arctic habitat with wolves and snowshoe hares we would see the same thing happen. Why do you think there would be less predators and more prey in an ecosystem?
Answers
Answer with Explanation:
There's a fewer number of predators than prey because they are on the top level of the Food Pyramid. This means that they don't necessarily have to pass their energy to other organisms because only a few organisms consume them as compared to the "Primary Producers" like the phytoplankton and the algae, which support a large number of organisms above them.
The predators are more likely to receive also the least amount of energy compared to the organisms below the pyramid because as the energy is consumed as "food," only a portion of the food's energy is being passed to other organisms from one level to the other.
Explain why the development of antibiotics is unlikely to keep up with the emergence of new
antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (2 marks)
Answers
Answer: Antibiotics are medicines used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality.
Explanation:
choose THREE reasons why less energy is passed from one tropic level to the next?
A. energy is stored within organisms
B. energy is stored in decomposers
C. energy is lost as heat to the environment
D. tertiary consumers use up all of the energy
E. all of the energy is used by primary consumers
F. energy is used by organisms to perform life functions
Answers
four differences between Arteries and Veins
Answers
Answer:
Veins
1l carry blood from tissue of the body to the heart
2) are usually found closer beneath the skin
3) are less muscular then arteries
4) collapse if blood flow stops
arteries
1) carry blood back away from the heart to the tissue of the body.
2) found deeper within the body
3) are more muscular then veins
4) would generally remain open even if blood stops because of it's muscular structure.
CAN ANYONE PLS HELP ME OUT
In 1998, paleoanthropologist Rick Potts, of the Smithsonian Institution, published an article in The Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, a peer-reviewed journal. The article was titled “Environmental Hypotheses of Hominin Evolution.” In his paper, Potts provided evidence to support his claim that great variations in environmental conditions over time were responsible for the adaptability of humans and the success of our species. Why might this not be the best article to reference?
a) Potts has no authority.
b) Potts was not objective.
c) The article may not reflect current knowledge.
d) The article was not reviewed bu Potts's peers.
Answers
Answer:
The answer is C.
Explanation:
Over time knowledge changes, what might have been true back then isnt true now.
Both a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse involve the alignment between the Sun,
Earth, and the Moon, but in different positions. What is the difference between a
solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse?
A: The position of the Moon and Earth are different.
B: The position of the Sun and Earth are different.
C: The position of the Sun alone is different
D: The position of Earth alone is different
Answers
Answer:
The position of the Moon and Earth are different.
Can you guys help please? Ty!
Answers
Answer:
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of living organisms, which can exist on its own. Therefore, it is sometimes called the building block of life. Some organisms, such as bacteria or yeast, are unicellular—consisting only of a single cell—while others, for instance, mammalians, are multicellular.
Explanation:
Answer:The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of living organisms, which can exist on its own. Therefore, it is sometimes called the building block of life. Some organisms, such as bacteria or yeast, are unicellular—consisting only of a single cell—while others, for instance, mammalians, are multicellular.
How does the sperm come in contact with frog eggs?
1. The sperm is placed on top of the eggs
2. The sperm is carried through a reproductive system
3. The sperm is carried to eggs via water
Answers
Potential results from changes in global phytoplankton populations are?
Answers
Answer:
Declining populations of phytoplankton, the basis of the marine food chain, will alter the seawater hues, potentially decimating fisheries. The world's oceans are warming and growing more acidic as a result of climate change, and a provocative new study suggests they'll be changing color too.
Explanation:
Hope this is good :)
(AKS 5a/DOK 2) According to Chargoff's Rule, if a DNA strand has 30% guanine before semi-conservative replication occurs, what
percentage of thymine will each new strand have after replication?
A. 20%
B. 60%
C. 40%
D. 30%
Answers
Answer:
According to Chargaff's rule, if a DNA strand has 30% guanine before to semi-conservative replication, the percentage of thymine that will have each new strand after replication will be 20% (option A).
Explanation:
A DNA molecule stores the genome of a living organism in a specific sequence of its nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. By knowing the percentage of a nitrogenous base in the DNA, the percentage of the other bases can be established using Chargaff's base pair rule.
Chargaff was able to establish that in a DNA molecule the ratio purine:pyrimidine is 1:1, so there must be the same amount of guanine as cytosine and a similar amount of adenine for thymine, taking into account the complementarity of the bases.
According to the base pair rule, if in a DNA strand there is 30% guanine, in the molecule there is:
Guanine 30%. Cytosine 30%. Thymine 20%. Adenine 20%. Total ..... 100%In this case, Chargaff's rule is useful to determine the percentage of thymine that each new strand will have after replication, corresponding to 20%.
Which molecule will have a trigonal
planar geometry?
CO2
NHA
SO3
Answers
Answer:
your answer is NHA
Explanation:
I looked it up by asking what the three answers was and it gave me the question .
How can duplication of a chromosome of the first pair produce a double head and at the same time affect wing pigmentation and body segment
Answers
Answer: Duplication of chromosome can cause multiple genes to work in an uncontrolled manner.
Explanation:
There are numerous genes that are encoded by the chromosome. The duplication in the chromosome can cause multiple genes to go out of control that can cause patterning of the body and head which can influence the wing patterning or pigmentation. For example in Down's syndrome the three copies of chromosome number 21 are formed which is the trisomy of chromosome number 21 which can cause developmental issues in humans symptoms are flattened face, short neck, small ears, and others.
Which of the following is supported by the argument that females must be given the opportunity to rest and recover between pregnancies?
Animals should be bred as often as possible.
Maximum breeding ensures maximum profits.
Animals should be bred once or twice per year.
Breeding windows are dependent on temperature.
Answers
Answer:
Animal should be bred once or twice per year.
Explanation:
their is interval of time where they get enough opportunity to rest and recover between pregnancies.
sorry if I'm wrong.
Your dog experiences a lot of pain throughout breeding, pregnancy, birth, and delivery. She needs all the time you can offer her to get over her trauma, animals should be bred once or twice per year, hence option c is correct.
What is animal Breeding?We advise giving her at least one heat cycle between each breeding, at the very least. Selective breeding is the process of controlling the breeding of organisms to either show or removes a certain trait.
Selective breeding makes use of artificial selection to direct the genetic transmission of desirable traits. In contrast to natural selection, selective breeding focuses on traits that will benefit humans. It is a technique that is widely used in plant management and animal husbandry.
Therefore, this selective breeding helps to obtain and retain the homozygous qualities of selected characters, animals bred once or twice per year rest and recover between pregnancies.
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Suppose that a batch of controlled-release pills intended to be taken every 12 hours were accidentally manufactured without their thick coating. What would be most likely to happen to someone who took one of these pills?
Answers
Answer:Nothing would happen
Explanation:
The similarities and differences in these limbs suggest that all three species developed from the same ancestor,but
Answers
Answer:
cool
Explanation: yes cool
Spanish moss lives in the tops of trees and absorbs nutrients from the air
for photosynthesis. It does not harm the tree in anyway. It enjoys a safe
habitat in the tree. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
decomposition
parsitism
mutualism
commensalism
Answers
Answer:
commensalism
Explanation:
A commensal relationship occurs when one species benefits from the close, prolonged interaction, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed.
can somebody please explain this to me
Answers
Answer:
UR supposed to answer how the tree of cells with the word bank
Explanation:
Answer:Am I the only one who doesn't understand the order
explain eutrophication and why it isn't good for an ecosystem
Answers
Eutrophication is when the environment becomes enriched with nutrients. This can be a problem in marine habitats such as lakes as it can cause algal blooms. Some algae even produce toxins that are harmful to higher forms of life. This can cause problems along the food chain and affect any animal that feeds on them.
Hope it helps ^^
Answer:
Excessive nutrients lead to algal blooms and low-oxygen (hypoxic) waters that can kill fish and seagrass and reduce essential fish habitats. Eutrophication sets off a chain reaction in the ecosystem, starting with an overabundance of algae and plants.
Explanation:
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2. The movement of molecules from a high to low concentration without energy is called:
A. Active Transport B. Exocytosis C. Endocytosis D. Passive Transport
Answers
!!PLEASE ANSWER!! which change is not likely to help a community reduce its use of fossil fuels?
a. Switching from coal to hydropower
b. Installing wind turbines in windy areas
c. Lowering natural gas prices in the community
d. Giving citizens money to install solar panels on their homes
Answers
Answer: C
Explanation: This would actually have a negative effect, if we were to lower natural gas prices in the community, it would mean more usage of natural gas (a fossil fuel).
Answer:
Lowering Natural Gas Prices in the Community
Explanation:
took the test on a p ex
which controls the production of proteins in a cell
Answers
"there is no possible way for a whale to be related to an animal that lived on land." Do you agree or disagree
Answers
Answer: I would agree
Explanation:
What is the term that describes how sharks have babies?
i need help with this
Answers
Answer:
Viviparity
Explanation:
Species that share common characteristics are thought to share common what?
Answers
Hope this helps :)
